Diastrophism

Uploaded byEunice Rean Samonte Date uploadedon Sep 14, 2013

this is a detailed presentation about diastrophism, the cause, the effects, examples, types, and kinds.

Date uploaded

Sep 14, 2013Copyright © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

Refers to the series ofprocesses by which the major features of the earth’s crust were formed and
changed dueto relative changes in theposition and in the formationof rock, which maybe
sudden,causing earthquakes.

CLASSIFICATION OF EARTH MOVEMENT

1.Uplift

- is either local or wide

spread of the crust.

2.Subsidence

- occurs when

the earth’s crust sinks.

3.Thrust

- is a horizontal

motion of the crust

1.Uplift

- is either local or wide

spread of the crust.

UpwardMovement.

Eg.
Island inPacific

Scandinavianin Sweden

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Island inPacificDrownedValley

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3.

Thrust

- is a horizontal

motion of the crust

1906 Movementof rock inSan Francisco

Stress

Compressive

Tensionalshear

Strain

Elastic

Plastic

Fracture

Folding
domeBasin

AnticlineSyncline

Monocline

Faulting

Dip-slip

Strike-slip

Oblique-slip

Stress and Strain

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRESS AND STRAIN

Stress

- is a force that tends tocompress, pull apart, or distort a rock.

Strain

- is the adjustment to stresswhich could result into a change involume or shape or could even lead
tobreaking.

Compressive stress-

result from themovement of two plates pressing on astationary plate.

Tensional stress-

effect of one platemoving away from a fixed plate.

Shear stress-

results from the slidingmotion of two plates which pass oneanother or by one plate sliding a fixedplate.

Compressive stress-

result from themovement of two plates pressing on astationary plate.

Tensional stress-

effect of one platemoving away from a fixed plate.

Shear stress-

results from the slidingmotion of two plates which pass one anotheror by one plate sliding a fixed plate.

Elastic strain-

flexibility of rock unitsare displayed by going back to theiroriginal shape after they are freed fromstress.

Plastic strain-

rock units are deformedeither by molding or bending after thestress was released.

Fracture strain-

rock units break o rcrack.

2. Folding-

curving of layered bedrocks wherethere is an application of stress.

FOLDS

- are warps in layered bedrocks.

There are 5 types of folds:

1. Dome2. Basin3. Anticline4. Syncline5.Monocline

Dome

- vertical upward stress with bigascending bulge


Basin

- downward bulging fold

Anticline

- arch shaped fold

Syncline

- trough shaped fold

Monocline

- horizontal beds are modified bystep warps

Dome

vertical upward stress with

big ascending bulge

Basin

Anticline

arch shaped fold

Syncline

-
trough shaped fold.

Monocline

- horizontal beds are modified bystep warps

3.Faulting-

results when there is a fracturein the continuity of a rock formation.

FAULT MOVEMENT-

direction of slippage

There are 3 types of fault movement:

1.Dip Slip fold

2.Strike slip fold

3.Oblique slip fold

Dip-slip fold-

movement is parallel to thefault surface.

Normal Fault

Reverse Fault

Strike-slip fold-

indicates thehorizontal motion parallel to the strikeof the fault surface.


Oblique-slip

- has both strike slip anddip slip components

Dip-slip fold-

movement is parallel to

the fault surface.

Normal Fault

Reverse Fault

Strike-slip fold-

indicates thehorizontal motion parallel to the strike of the fault surface.

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Oblique-slip

- has both strikeslip and dip slip components