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Phobia
Introduction
The word Phobia is derived from word PHOBS it means FEAR.

Phobia ia a neurotic disorder in which unreasonable fear of a specific object, activity and situation.

Characteristics of phobia
Phobia occur in children and adolescence

Phobia involve both sex (Male and Female)

Phobia fear is out of proportion

Phobia affected patient unable to control the fear.

Patient avoid the phobic object and situation

Phobia in patient cause the anxiety

Cause of phobia
Biological Cause – Genetic and personally related factors.
Psychological cause

Phobic childhood Experience

Post traumatic experience

Unbelievable stories

Unexpected thoughts about particular situation, activity and object.

Environment and social Factor

Stressful environment

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Critizing environment

Unfavorable responses

Classification of Phobia (I.C.D. - 10)

F40.0 – Agoraphobia

F40.1 – Social Phobia

F40.2 – Specific Phobia

F40.8 – Other phobic anxiety disorder

F40.9 – Unspecific phobic anxiety Disorder.

Types of phobia –
Agoraphobia

Social Phobia

Simple Phobia (Specific Phobia)

Agoraphobia

Agoraphobia is also known as Situation related phobia.

Agoraphobia is a most common phobia

It is a fear of open space, Public place or crowded places.

Agoraphobia is a fear of place, where immediate help is not available.

Fear of being in a tunnel

Crowded area (mela)

Bus stop and railway station

In bus and train

Agoraphobia is most commonly seen in Females.

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Social Phobia
Social phobia is activity related phobia
Social phobia is a irritational fear from stages public performance activity. Eg Speaking,
Dancing, singing, Lecture on the stage.
Social phobia are absent in Actors, anchors, Leaders and political leader etc.
Symptoms of social phobia – Dry mouth and sweating
Hyperventilation
Increased Heart rate and palpitation
Urinary Urgency
Muscles Tension.

Specific Phobia

It is a irrational fear of a specific object or stimulus.

Simple phobia commonly occurs in childhood
Specific phobias are
a). Claustro phobia – Fear from close space. Eg MRI, CT Scan, Sonography room
b). Aerophobia – Fear from the height
c). Xenophobia – Fear from the stranger (Most commonly seen in children)
d). Zoophobia – Fear from animal
e). Algophobia – Fear from the pain
f). AIDS phobia – Fear from AIDS
g). Gamophobia – Fear from marriage
h). Hematophobia – Fear from Blood
i). Nesocomophobia – Fear from Hospital
j). Micro phobia - Fear from germs
k). Insectophobia – Fear from insects
l). Brontophobia – Fear from thunder

Management
Drugs
Benzodiazepines (Alprazolam, Clonazepam)

Antidepressant (Imipramine)

Antianxiety drugs.

Behavior Therapy.

Systematic desensitization

Cognitive behavior technique

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Flooding technique

Psychotherapy – To adjustment the behavior

Implosive therapy.

Nursing Management
Nurse identify the patients fear about particular object, situation and activity.

Nurse monitor vital sign and assess the level of anxiety.

Nurse encourage the patient to discuss about fear

Nurse motivate the patient to face the fear.

Provide the behavioral cognitive therapy

Improve the patient self confidence

Nurse monitor the cause of fear.

Educate the family member, give positive reinforcement.

Key Points
Situation related phobia is also known as – Agoraphobia

Most common type of phobia – Agoraphobia

Activity related phobia is known as – Social phobia

Most common phobia in children – Xenophobia

Phobia occur due to Dog bite is known as – Zoophobia

Most common management of phobia – Cognitive behavior therapy

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