2.

3 Hall’s Cultural Context (explain wether the country is low or high context culture)
Singapore is positioned honestly to the north of the equator and thereby has a tropical climate all
365 days round. With the instances being sunny, there may be no distinction amongst specific
seasons here. However, whilst temperatures rise too high, not unusualplace downpours deliver
some respite to the weather of Singapore. The temperature tiers amongst 23-32 degree Celsius
with the precipitation ranging amongst 17-20 cms. Singapore research unexpected showers all
365 days round and tourists can witness dazzling thunderstorms every as quickly as a whilst.
However, the North-Eastern Monsoons amongst November and January stumble upon heavy
precipitation (28-30 cms).That said, we advocate you plan your experience consistent with the
festivals you want to enjoy in this multi-cultural city. The great time to visit Singapore as a end
result will rely on the festivals and any specific event you have were given your eye on.
However, the summer season season months from March to June are nice, bright and sunny.
1. Summer (July-September)
While tourists flock to Singapore round the year, the festive season is probably the best time
to be here. With the Great Singapore Sale spread across two months during this period and
the Singapore Food Festival in the month of July, this will surely be a trip to remember with
food and fashion at its best. You might face showers due to the Southwest Monsoon during
this time but it is less severe than the Northwest Monsoons.
National Day is celebrated with great pomp and show on 9th August is followed by the Hari
Raya Haji in September. The mid-autumn Lantern Festival is celebrated in October when the
moon is at its brightest. China town comes alive with dragon dances in night markets,
traditional percussion performances and a plethora of traditional moon cakes and other food
items. To give it competition, Little India celebrates Deepavali, the festival of lights with
equal vigor. The place will definitely be a sight to behold during this time.
2. Winter And Monsoon (November To February)
While temperatures remain constant for the most part of the year, frequent rainfalls due to the
north-eastern winds make this the rainy as well as relatively cooler period. Do carry an
umbrella and have an alternative indoor plan for your trip as rains during this time can last
for long durations, especially between November and January.
During this period, you can enjoy the ZoukOut Festival at Sentosa, New Year and
Thaipusam. While Zoukout is a dance and music festival, Thaipusam is a Hindu festival in
the honor of Lord Subramaniam.
3. Spring To Summer (March To March)
This happens to be the most pleasant time to visit Singapore. With bright sunny days and
relatively lesser heat, plenty of activities become available for you to explore.
The biggest festival during this period is the Chinese New Year or the Lunar New Year
where festivities are spread over a week. Another important festival is Vesak in the month of
May where Buddhists celebrate the birth, enlightenment, and death of the Buddha with
chanting, candlelight processions and they also opt to do good deeds. June end would also
celebrate the Islamic festival of Ramadaan called Hari Raya Puasa in this region.
2.4 Hofstede’s Five Dimension of Culture (explain all the five dimensions of culture
under Hofstede
1. Power Distance
This dimension deals with the fact that all individuals in societies are not equal – it expresses the
attitude of the culture towards these inequalities amongst us. Power Distance is defined as the
extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organisations within a country
expect and accept that power is distributed unequally.

Singapore scores high on this dimension (score of 74). With a Confucian background (the
Chinese) they normally have a syncretic approach to religion, which is also the dominant
approach in Singapore. One of the key principles of Confucian teaching is the stability of
society, which is based on unequal relationships between people. Confucius distinguished five
basic relationships: ruler-subject; father-son; older brother-younger brother; husband-wife; and
senior friend-junior friend. These relationships are based on mutual and complementary
obligations. Here we can see the high PDI as a consequence.

Power is centralized and managers rely on their bosses and on rules. Employees expect to be told
what to do. Control is expected and attitude towards managers is formal. Communication is
indirect and the information flow is selective. We can see the high PDI also in the government’s
defined five “shared values”: 1) Nation before community and society above self.

2. Individualism

The fundamental issue addressed by this dimension is the degree of interdependence a society
maintains among its members. It has to do with whether people´s self-image is defined in terms
of “I” or “We”. In Individualist societies people are supposed to look after themselves and their
direct family only. In Collectivist societies people belong to ‘in groups’ that take care of them in
exchange for loyalty.

Singapore, with a score of 20 is a collectivistic society. This means that the “We” is important,
people belong to in-groups (families, clans or organisations) who look after each other in
exchange for loyalty. Here we can also see the second key principle of the Confucian teaching:
The family is the prototype of all social organizations. A person is not primarily an individual;
rather, he or she is a member of a family. Children should learn to restrain themselves, to
overcome their individuality so as to maintain the harmony in the family. Harmony is found
when everybody saves face in the sense of dignity, self-respect, and prestige. Social relations
should be conducted in such a way that everybody’s face is saved. Paying respect to someone is
called giving face.
 3. Masculinity

A high score (Masculine) on this dimension indicates that the society are going to be driven by
competition, action and success, successfully being outlined by the winner or best in field – a
price system that starts at school and continues throughout organisational life.
A low score (Feminine) on the dimension implies that the dominant values in society are caring
for others and quality of life. a female society is one wherever quality of life is that the sign of
success and standing out from the gang isn't admirable. The basic issue here is what motivates
people, desperate to be the simplest (Masculine) or feeling what you are doing (Feminine).
Singapore scores forty eight and is within the “middle” of the size however additional on the
female side. this suggests that the softer aspects of culture akin to leveling with
others, agreement, sympathy for the nonstarter are valued and encouraged. Being modest and
humble is seen as terribly important; thus showing that one is aware of it all and thus has come
back to coach the counterparts isn't liked. Conflicts are avoided in camera and work life and
consensus at the tip is important. throughout discussions being cautious is important, to not being
too persistent. we will additionally see the feminism within the governments outlined 5 “shared
values” again: 3) Community support and respect for the individual.

4. Long Term Orientation

This dimension describes howevery society needs to maintain some links with its own
past whereas addressing the challenges of the current and future, and
societies range these 2 existential goals differently. Normative societies. that score low on this
dimension, for example, additional highly to|favor to|opt to|choose to} maintain time-honoured
traditions and norms while viewing social group amendment with suspicion. Those with a culture
which scores high, on the opposite hand, take a more pragmatic approach: they encourage thrift
and efforts in trendy education as the simplest way to organize for the future.
Singapore scores 72, this high score is refelcted in Singapore which shows cultural qualities
supporting long-term investment reminiscent of perseverance, sustained efforts, slow results,
thrift; being distributed with resources, ordering relationship by standing Associate in Nursingd
having approach} of shame (see conjointly once more the Confucian teaching). Singapore has
also become one amongst the 5 dragons with an vast economic success.
Whereas westerners are searching for the truth, the Singaporeans are accentuation virtue and
therefore the way you are doing things. they're forever keeping their choices open as there
are many ways to skin a cat. Westerners believe that if A is right, B should be wrong,
whereas individuals from East and Southeast Asian countries see that each A and B
combined manufacture one thing superior. This mind-set permits for a a lot of pragmatic
approach to business.
 5. Uncertainty Avoidance
The dimension Uncertainty shunning must do with the way that a society deals with terribly fact|
the actual fact that the long run will ne'er be known: ought to we tend to try and management the
future or simply let it happen? This ambiguity brings with it anxiety and different cultures have
learnt to wear down this anxiety in numerous ways. The extent to that the members of a culture
feel vulnerable by ambiguous or unknown things and have created beliefs
and establishments that try to avoid these is mirrored within the score on Uncertainty Avoidance.
Singapore scores eight on this dimension and so scores very low on this dimension. In
Singapore individuals abide to several rules not as a result of they need for
structure however thanks to high PDI. Singaporeans decision their society a “Fine country.
You’ll get a fine for everything”.