Class XII d and f block elements

ALBATROSS ACADEMY
CBSE QUESTION BANK
CHAPTER 4 : d AND f BLOCK ELEMENTS
TOPIC 1 : Introduction and Physical Properties
1. What are the transition elements? Write two characteristics of
13. In 3d series (Sc to Zn), which element shows the maximum
the transition elements.
number of oxidation states and why?
2. Account the following
14. Account for the following :
i. Zn, Cd, Hg are considered as d-block elements but not as
i. Transition elements show variable oxidation states.
transition elements.
ii. Mn shows the highest oxidation state of +7 with oxygen but
ii. The melting points of transition metals are high.
with fluorine it shows the highest oxidation state of +4.
iii. Zn, Cd and Hg are soft metals.
iii. Cu+ ion is unstable in aqueous solution.
iv. The enthalpy of atomization is lowest for Zn in 3d series of
iv. Highest fluoride of Mn is MnF4 whereas the highest oxide is
the transition elements.
Mn2O7.
v. The transition metals (With the exception of Zn, Cd and Hg)
v. Mn2+ is more stable than Fe2+ towards oxidation to +3 state.
are hard and have high melting and boiling points.
vi. The ionisation enthalpies (first and second) in the first series
vi. Transition metals are much harder than the alkali metals.
of the transition elements are found to vary irregularly.
vii. Silver atom has completely filled d-orbitals in its ground
vii. Both O2 and F2 stabilize high oxidation states of transition
state, it is still considered to be a transition element. Justify
metals but the ability of oxygen to do so exceeds that of
the statement.
fluorine.
viii. Metals of the second and third series have greater
viii. Cobalt (II) is very stable in aqueous solutions but gets easily
enthalpies of atomisation?
oxidised in the presence of strong ligands.
OR
ix. E° value for the Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is much more positive
Transition metals of 3d series have lower melting points as
than that Cr3+/Cr2+.
compared to 4d series?
x. Highest oxidation state of a metal is shown in its oxide or
ix. Enthalpies of atomisation of transition metals quite high?
fluoride only.
x. Iron has higher enthalpy of atomization than that of copper.
xi. 𝑬°𝑴𝟐+/𝑴 values of Mn and Zn more negative than expected.
xi. Manganese has lower melting point than chromium.
xii. At the end of each period, there is a slight increase in the xii. 𝐸 ° value for 𝑴𝒏𝟑+ /𝑴𝒏𝟐+ couple is highly positive.
atomic radius of d-block elements. xiii. 𝑬°(𝑴𝒏𝟐+/𝑴𝒏) value is highly negative as compared to other
3. Which element in the 3d-series has the highest melting point and elements.
why? xiv. E° value for 𝑴𝒏𝟑+ /𝑴𝒏𝟐+ couple is much more positive
4. Which out of Cr or Cu have high melting and boiling point. than that for Fe3+/Fe2+.
TOPIC 2 : Ionisation Enthalpy, Oxidation States xv. The lowest side of transition metal is basic whereas the
5. Which transition metal of 3d series does not show variable highest oxide is amphoteric or acidic.
oxidation states? xvi. Mn2O3 is basic where as Mn2O7 is acidic.
6. Write the formula of an oxoanion of chromium (Cr) in which it xvii. Fluorides of transition metals and more stable in their
shows the oxidation state equal to its group number. higher oxidation state as compared to the lower oxidation
7. Write the formula of an oxoanion of manganese (Mn) in which it state?
shows the oxidation state equal to its group number. xviii. First ionisation energy of 5d series of transition elements
8. Calculate the number of unpaired electrons in the following are higher than that of 3d and 4d series.
gaseous ions: xix. Ti(IV) is more stable than the Ti(II) or Ti(III).
Mn3+ and Cr3+ (Atomic number of Cr = 24, Mn = 25) Which one of xx. It is difficult to obtain oxidation state greater than two for
them is most stable in aqueous solution and why? copper.
9. Calculate the number of unpaired electrons in the following xxi. 𝐶𝑟2 𝑂72− is a strong oxidising agent in acidic medium
gaseous ions : whereas WO3 and MoO3 are not.
Ti3+ and Cr3+ (Atomic number of TI = 22, Cr = 24) Which one of xxii. All copper halides are known except that copper iodide.
°
them is most stable in aqueous solution and why? xxiii. 𝐸(𝑉 3+ /𝑉 2+ ) value for vanadium is comparatively low.

10. Which one of the following would feel attraction when placed in 15. i. Why is E°(Cu2+|Cu) exceptionally positive? Although Cu+ ion has
magnetic field: CO2+, Ag+, Ti4+, Zn2+ 3d10 configuration, yet it is unstable in an aqueous solution.
11. Give reasons : Why?
i. Of the d4 species, Cr2+ is strongly reducing while Mn3+ is What is the reason for the stability of Cu2+ over Cu+ ion?
strongly oxidising. 16. Following ions are given : Cr2+, Cu2+, Cu+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn3+
ii. The d1 configuration is very unstable in ions. Identify the ion which is
iii. Mn2O3 is basic whereas Mn2O7 is acidic. i. A strong reducing agent.
12. Use the data to answer the following and also justify giving ii. Unstable in aqueous solution.
reasons : iii. A strong oxidising agent.
Cr Mn Fe Co Give suitable reason in each.
𝑬°𝑴𝟐+/𝑴 -0.91 -1.18 -0.441 -0.28 17. The elements of 3d transition series are given as
𝑬°𝑴𝟑+/𝑴𝟐+ -0.41 +1.57 +0.77 +1.97 Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
Answer the following :
i. Write the element which shows maximum number of
i. Which is a stronger reducing agent in aqueous medium, Cr2+
oxidation states. Give reason.
or Fe2+ and why?
ii. Which element shows only +3 oxidation state?
ii. Which is the most stable ion in +2 oxidation state and why?
 iii.
Which element is a strong oxidising agent in +3 oxidation 30. Explain the method of preparation of sodium dichromate from
state and why? chromite ore.
18. Following are the transition metal ions of 3d series : Ti4+, V2+, 31. When FeCr2O4 is fused with Na2CO3 in the presence of air it gives
Mn3+, Cr3+ (Atomic numbers : Ti = 22, V = 23, Mn = 25, Cr = 24) a yellow solution of compound (A). Compound (A) on
Answer the following : acidification gives compound (B). Compound (B) on reaction with
i. Which ion is most stable in aqueous solution and why? KCl forms an orange coloured Compound (C) . An acidified
ii. Which ion is strong oxidising agent and why? solution of compound (C) oxidises Na2SO3 to (D). Identity (A), (B),
19. (C) and (D).
𝑬°(𝑴𝒏𝟐+ /𝑴) Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn 32. Why does purple colour of acidified permanganate solution
-0.91 -1.18 -0.44 -0.28 -0.25 + -0.76 decolourise when it oxidises Fe2+ to Fe3+ ?
0.34
33. Why HCl should not be used for potassium permanganate
From the given E° values of the first row transition elements,
titrations ?
answer the following questions:
34. Complete and balance the following chemical equations :
i. Why is 𝑬°𝑴𝒏𝟐+/𝑴𝒏 value highly negative as compared to 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡
i. 𝐾𝑚𝑛𝑂4 →
other elements?
ii. What is the reason for the irregularity in the above E° ii. 𝐶𝑟2 𝑂72− + 2𝑂𝐻 − →
values? iii. MnO2 + KOH + O2 →
iv. Na2Cr2O7 + KCl →
iii. What is 𝑬°𝑪𝒖𝟐+/𝑪𝒖 value exceptionally positive ?
v. Fe2+ + 𝑀𝑛𝑂4− + H+ →
TOPIC 3 : Other Properties vi. 𝑀𝑛𝑂4− + H2O + I- →
vii. 2𝑀𝑛𝑂4− + 16H+ + 5S2- →
20. How would you account for the following :
viii. 8𝑀𝑛𝑂4− + 3𝑆2 𝑂32− + H2O →
i. Transition metals form coloured compounds?
ix. 𝐶𝑟2 𝑂72− + 3𝑆𝑛2+ + 14𝐻 + →
ii. Transition metals and their compounds show catalytic
x. 𝐶𝑟2 𝑂72− + 14H+ + 6I- →
activity?
xi. 𝑀𝑛𝑂4− + 4𝐻 + + 3𝑒 − →
iii.Cu2+ ion coloured while Zn2+ ion is colourless in aqueous
xii. 2𝑀𝑛𝑂4− + 5𝑆 2− + 16𝐻 + →
solution?
xiii. I- + 𝑀𝑛𝑂4− + 𝐻 + →
iv. Copper(I) compounds are white whereas copper (II)
xiv. 𝐶𝑟2 𝑂72− + 𝑆𝑛2+ + 𝐻 + →
compounds are coloured.
xv. 2𝑀𝑛𝑂4− + 5𝑆𝑂32− + 6𝐻 + →
v. Transition metals form alloys.
vi. Sc3+ is colourless in aqueous solution whereas Ti3+ is TOPIC 5 : Lanthanoids and Actinoids
coloured.
vii. Transition metals and most of their compounds show 35. Give reasons for the following :
paramagnetic behaviour. i. Eu2+ is a strong reducing agent.
viii. Ti4+ is colourless whereas V4+ is coloured in an aqueous ii. Zr and Hf have almost similar atomic radii.
solution. iii. Actinoids show irregularities in their electronic
21. Calculate the spin-only moment of Co2+ (Z = 27) by writing the configurations.
electronic configuration of Co and Co2+. iv. Actinoid contraction is greater than lanthanoid contraction?
22. Out of Sc3+ or Cr3+, which will exhibit diamagnetic behaviour ? v. Actinoids exhibit a greater range of oxidation states than
lanthanoids.
TOPIC 4 : KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 36. Name a member of the lanthanoid series which is well known to
23. Account for the following : exhibit +2 oxidation state.
a. Chromates change their colour when kept in an acidic 37. What are the different oxidation states exhibited by the
solution. lanthanoids?
b. Orange colour of 𝐶𝑟2 𝑂72− ion changes to yellow when 38. Which is the most common oxidation state in Lanthanoids?
treated with an alkali. 39. What is lanthanoid contraction? What are the consequences of
24. What is the effect of pH on the solution of K2Cr2O7? Also give the lanthanoid contraction?
structure of chromate and dichromate ion along with the colour 40. Write one similarity and one difference between the chemistry of
of species. lanthanoid and actinoid elements.
25. Write the balanced chemical equations involved in the 41. Chemistry of actinoids is complicated as compared to
preparation of KMnO4 from pyrolusite ore (MnO2). lanthanoids. Give two reasons.
26. How do you prepare : 42. With reference to structural variability and chemical reactivity,
i. K2MnO4 from MnO2 ? write the differences between lanthanoids and actinoids.
ii. Na2Cr2O7 from Na2CrO4 ? 43. Answer the following :
27. Explain all the steps along with the chemical equation which are i. What is the general electronic configuration of lanthanoids?
used in the preparation of K2Cr2O7 from chromite ore. ii. What are the common oxidation states of Cerium (At. no.
28. When MnO2 is fused with KOH in the presence of KNO3 as an 58)?
oxidizing agent, it gives a dark green compound (A). Compound
(A) disproportionates in acidic solution is give purple compound
(B). An alkaline solution of compound (B) oxidises Kl to
compound (C) whereas an acidified solution of compound (B)
oxidises Kl to (D). Identify (A), (B), (C) and (D).
29. When chromite ore FeCr2O4 is fused with NaOH in presence of
air, a yellow coloured compound (A) is obtained which on
acidification with dilute sulphuric acid gives a compound (B).
Compound (B) on reaction with KCl forms an orange coloured
crystalline compound (C).

By Vishnu Saraswat
i. Write the formulae of the compounds (A), (B) and (C).
ii. Write one use of compound (C).