1Explain the Android Software Stack in detail

with
a neat diagram
The Android software stack consists of four layers:
1. Application Layer: It includes user-facing apps that provide various functionalities.
2. Application Framework: Offers essential services like UI rendering, resource
management, and activity lifecycle management.
3. Libraries & Android Runtime: Libraries for functions like graphics rendering,
database access, and the Android Runtime (ART) that executes app code efficiently.
4. Linux Kernel: Provides core system services such as hardware abstraction, memory
management, and drivers. This layer enables communication between hardware and
higher-level software components.

2Develop a mobile app to display 2 images on

screen and toggle each image if they click
<FrameLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android

.com/apk/res/android"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

<ImageView

android:id="@+id/imageView1"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher"

/>

<ImageView

android:id="@+id/imageView2"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="456dp"

android:src="@drawable/logo"

/>

</FrameLayout>

Java Code

package com.example.framelayoutnew;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.Menu;

import android.view.MenuItem;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

import android.widget.ImageView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

final ImageView i1=(ImageView)findViewById(R.id.imageView1);

final ImageView i2=(ImageView)findViewById(R.id.imageView2);

i1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){

public void onClick(View view){

i2.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);

view.setVisibility(View.GONE);

});

i2.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){

public void onClick(View view){

i1.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);

view.setVisibility(View.GONE);

});

3Devise a mobile app to create a login form and

display the message accordingly(if user name and
password is “CMR” it should display “Login
successful” otherwise “invalid login”
4What are the different kinds of android
components? Explain their need in a mobile App?
Android components are building blocks that define the different types of
interactions and functionalities within a mobile app. They are essential for
creating a modular, maintainable, and user-friendly application. There are four
main types of Android components:
1. Activities: Activities represent the user interface screens or windows of
an app. They facilitate user interaction, handle UI elements, and manage
the flow between different screens. Activities are crucial for creating a
seamless user experience and organizing app navigation.
2. Fragments: Fragments are modular UI components within an activity
that can be combined to create flexible and dynamic layouts. They allow
developers to build UI sections that can be reused across different
activities or adapt to various device screen sizes.
3. Services: Services are background processes that run independently of
the UI. They perform tasks such as handling network operations, playing
music, or processing data in the background. Services are essential for
maintaining app responsiveness and multitasking while performing
resource-intensive operations.
4. Broadcast Receivers: Broadcast Receivers listen for system-wide or app-
specific events and allow apps to respond to them. They are useful for
triggering actions based on events like incoming calls, battery level
changes, or network connectivity. Broadcast Receivers enhance app
interactivity and adaptability.
5. Content Providers: Content Providers enable apps to securely share data
with other apps, offering a standardized way to access and manage data
like contacts, media files, or databases. They promote data isolation and
allow controlled sharing between apps.
These components are essential for creating a rich and functional mobile app.
They enable efficient code organization, modular development, and separation
of concerns. Moreover, they contribute to a smooth user experience by
facilitating seamless navigation, background processing, event handling, and
data sharing. Utilizing these components appropriately enhances app usability,
responsiveness, and maintainability while promoting a consistent and user-
centric design.
5 How do you create the First Android Project?
Illustrate the steps with an example
Creating your first Android project involves setting up your development environment,
creating a new project, and building a basic app. Here's a simplified example with steps:
1. Install Android Studio: Download and install Android Studio, the official IDE for
Android app development.
2. Create a New Project: Open Android Studio and select "Start a new Android Studio
project." Choose a template, like "Empty Activity," and enter a name for your app,
such as "MyFirstApp."
 3. Configure Project: Choose the project's language (Java/Kotlin), target devices, and
minimum API level. Android Studio sets up the project structure and files.
4. Design UI: Use the "res/layout" folder to design your app's UI using XML. For
instance, create "activity_main.xml" to design the main screen layout.
5. Add Functionality: Implement app behavior in the Java/Kotlin files. For example, in
"MainActivity.java," you can add code to respond to button clicks or user input.
6. Run the App: Connect a device or use an emulator. Click the "Run" button to build
and install the app on the selected device. You'll see your app's interface and
functionality.
Example: Let's say you're creating a simple "Hello, World!" app. After following the steps
above, you'd design the UI in "activity_main.xml" with a TextView displaying the message.
Then, in "MainActivity.java," you'd set the TextView's text to "Hello, World!" when the app
launches. Running the app would display the text on the screen.
Remember, this is a basic example. Android app development involves more advanced
concepts, UI design, handling events, and more. Android Studio provides a powerful
environment with tools to streamline the process and test your app on various devices.