Investigation

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Urine Pregnancy
Test
By

7/10/2011
Dr. Ajay
Urine Pregancy Test
 7/10/2011
Objective

Urine Pregancy Test

 Brief discussion of Urine Pregnancy
Test & application

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 Introduction

7/10/2011
There are two types of pregnancy
tests, one uses a urine sample, the

Urine Pregancy Test

other a sample of blood.

Both tests detect the presence of a

hormone called human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG). 33
 7/10/2011
Contd…
This hormone is produced by the
placenta shortly after the embryo

Urine Pregancy Test

attaches to the uterine lining and
builds up rapidly in body within the
first few days of pregnancy.

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Principles
Urine is added to the test kit and
allowed to migrate through the

Urine Pregancy Test

absorbent device.

The labeled antibody-dye conjugate

binds to the hCG in the specimen
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forming an antibody-antigen
complex.
 7/10/2011
Contd…
This complex binds to the anti-hCG
antibody in the test zone and

Urine Pregancy Test

produces a purple color band when
the hCG concentration is equal to or
greater than 20 mIU/ml.

In 66
the absence of hCG, no band is
formed in the test zone.
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Urine Collection and Storage

Firstmorning urine typically contains

the highest concentration of hCG

Urine Pregancy Test

and is therefore the best sample for
performing the urine test. However,
any urine specimen may be used

Collectthe urine specimen in a clean

glass or plastic container.
Preservatives are not used.
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 7/10/2011
Contd…
If the specimen is not used
immediately following collection, but

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is to be used within 48 hours it
should be refrigerated (2 to 8
degrees C), and brought back to
room temperature (l5 to 30 degrees
C) before testing.
If specimen is not going to be used
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for more than 48 hours, it should be
frozen at -20 degrees C.
 7/10/2011
Types

Immunologic Test

Urine Pregancy Test

ELISA Method
Card Test

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Card Test
Remove the test cassette from the
foil pouch just before use and place

Urine Pregancy Test

on clean dry surface.

Using the disposable pink pipette,

dispense 3 drops of urine into the
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Round Sample Well. 10
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Contd…
Holding the strip vertically, carefully
dip it into the specimen

Urine Pregancy Test

Immerse the strip into the urine
sample with the arrow end pointing
towards the urine.
Do not immerse past the MAX Line
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(Marker Line). Take the strip out after 11

3 seconds.
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Contd…
Wait for colored bands to appear,
depending on the concentration of

Urine Pregancy Test

hCG in the test specimen, positive
results may be observed in as little
as 40 seconds
Interpret test results at 3 to 5
minutes. Do not interpret test results 12
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after 5 minutes
 Interpretation of

7/10/2011
Results
NEGATIVE: If there is only one purple
color band in the result window, this

Urine Pregancy Test

indicates that the specimen does not
contain a detectable level of hCG
and should be interpreted as a
negative result
POSITIVE: If there are two purple
color bands in the result window, this
13
indicates that the specimen contains 13

hCG and should be interpreted as

 7/10/2011
Contd…
 INVALID: If there is no purple color
bands in the result window, the test

Urine Pregancy Test

result is invalid. The control band will
not appear if an insufficient volume of
specimen is added into the test kit.
 FALSE-POSITIVE RESULT: If blood or
protein is present in your urine. And
certain drugs, such as tranquilizers,
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anti-convulsants, or hypnotics, may 14

also cause false-positive results.

7/10/2011 Urine Pregancy Test
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1.flv
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ELISA method
Urine sample is passes through solid
support which having Anti hCG

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antibodies
hCG if present in test urine competes
with hCG enzyme conjugate for
binding to the antibody preventing
the attachment of enzyme to the
solid support.
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For normal urine end point will be 17

colorless and for pregnancy urine

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Immunologic Test
Patent urine one drop is mixed with
one drop of antiserum.

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Latex particles are added in this
If test urine contain hCG , Anti
serum react with hCG which cause
Agglutination
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Expected Normal Values
Urine hCG levels during pregnancy
are estimated to be

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1. 10-30 mIU/ml 7-10 days post
conception.
2. 37,000-50,000 mIU/ml 8-11 weeks
after last menstrual period.
3. <5 mIU/ml Healthy men or non-
pregnant women.
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Sensitivity

The Urine Pregnancy Test will detect

hCG in urine at concentrations of 20

Urine Pregancy Test

mlU/ml or greater.

This sensitivity level has been

confirmed with interval hCG
standards in urine, calibrated against
the World Health Organization First 21
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International Standard.
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Storage of Kits
Store at room temperature (15o-
30oC) out of direct sunlight.

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The kits come with long expiration
dates.

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Advantages
The Advantages over a blood test
Less expensive than a blood test

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1.

2. Takes Short to get result

3. Can be done in home.

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Disadvantages
Disadvantages over blood test
1. It take more time to detect a

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pregnancy, which is less in blood
test, earlier than a urine test at
about 3-10 days from possible
conception
2. Can’t measure the concentration of
hCG hormone blood (which is useful
information in tracking certain
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problems in pregnancy) 24
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Limitations
Urine hCG Pregnancy Test is for in
vitro diagnostic use only.

Urine Pregancy Test

A normal pregnancy cannot be
distinguished from an ectopic
pregnancy based only on hCG levels
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Contd…
A negative result obtained from a
urine specimen collected from a

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mother in very early pregnancy may
be due to an extremely low
concentration of hCG.

Ifa urine sample is too dilute (i.e.

low specific gravity), it may not
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contain a representative urinary hCG 26

concentration leads to negative

 7/10/2011
Summary

Urine Pregancy Test

Types, Procedure, Advantage,
Disadvantage, Limitations of UPT

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 7/10/2011
Conclusion
Urine Pregnancy test is mainly based
on hCG hormone

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It is non invasive, confirmatory, cost
effective test for detection of
pregnancy.
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THANK
YOU
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