POLLUTION:

Pollution refers to the introduction of harmful substances or

contaminants into the environment, which can cause adverse
effects on living organisms, ecosystems, and natural processes.
Pollution can take various forms, including air pollution, water
pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, and light pollution.
These pollutants can come from natural sources or human
activities.
TYPES OF POLLUTION:
1. Air Pollution:
o Sources: Combustion of fossil fuels (cars, industrial
processes), emissions from factories, and natural
events like volcanic eruptions.
o Effects: Reduced air quality, respiratory diseases in
humans, damage to vegetation, and climate change
(due to greenhouse gas emissions).
2. Water Pollution:
oSources: Discharge of industrial and agricultural
waste, sewage, and chemical pollutants into rivers,
lakes, and oceans.
o Effects: Contaminated drinking water, disruption of

aquatic ecosystems, harm to aquatic life, and reduced

biodiversity.
3. Soil Pollution:
o Sources: Contamination from hazardous waste,

pesticides, heavy metals, and improper disposal of

industrial and household waste.
 o Effects: Reduced soil fertility, harm to plants and
animals, and the potential for contaminants to enter
the food chain.
4. Noise Pollution:
o Sources: Transportation (road, air, rail), industrial
activities, construction, and loud recreational
activities.
o Effects: Stress, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and
disruption of wildlife behavior and communication.
5. Light Pollution:
o Sources: Excessive artificial light from streetlights,
buildings, and advertising signs.
o Effects: Disruption of natural light cycles, harm to
nocturnal wildlife, and increased energy consumption.

EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
ENVIRONMENT:
1. Biodiversity Loss: Pollution can lead to the
decline or extinction of species, disrupting
ecosystems and diminishing biodiversity.
2. Human Health Impacts: Air and water
pollution can lead to various health problems,
including respiratory diseases, cancer, and other
illnesses.
3. Climate Change: Greenhouse gas emissions
from pollution contribute to global warming and
climate change, causing rising temperatures and
extreme weather events.
4. Contaminated Resources: Pollution can render
natural resources such as water, soil, and air
unsuitable for human use and consumption.
5. Economic Costs: Pollution results in significant
economic costs related to healthcare, environmental
remediation, and productivity loss.
6. Environmental Degradation: Ecosystems and
landscapes can be severely damaged by pollution,
leading to the degradation of natural habitats.