LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE|Affiliated to Osmania University|Estd.2003.

Survey No.32, Himayath Sagar, near TSPA Junction, Hyderabad-500091

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Name of the Course File: Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

Course Code: PC417ME
B.E. (Bachelor of Engineering)
Branch: - Mechanical Engineering
Semester –VII
A.Y: 2023-2024

Prepared by:
Mr. Shaik Mohammed Hussain
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
 LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Approved by AICTE|Affiliated to Osmania University|Estd.2003.
Survey No.32, Himayath Sagar, near TSPA Junction, Hyderabad-500091

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Shaik Mohammed Hussain Assistant Professor, Department of

Mechanical Engineering has completed all the requirements of the Course File as per the content given

below of “Refrigeration & Air Conditioning” during Academic Year-2023 - 2024, B.E.(Mechanical

Engineering) VII–Semester.

Course Co-ordinator Head of the Department

Central Course File Coordinator Dean Academic Dean IQAC

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering

Course File Contents:

Name of the Course: Refrigeration & Air Conditioning (PC417ME) A.Y: 2023-2024
Name of the Faculty: Mr. Shaik Mohammed Hussain Class: B.E VII Semester
S.No. Content Time line Tentative Dates
1. Cover Page Before the Sem
2. IQAC verification page Before/during/after
3. Content Page Before the sem
4. Vision and Mission of the Institute – Principal signed Xerox
Before the Sem
copy
5. Vision and Mission of the Department – HoD signed Xerox
Before the Sem
copy
6. Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) - HoD signed Xerox
Before the Sem
copy
7. Program Outcomes (POs) - HoD signed Xerox copy Before the Sem
8. Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs) - HoD signed Xerox copy Before the Sem
9. Course Syllabus – Xerox copy from University curriculum
Before the Sem
book
10. Academic Calendar –given by University - Xerox copy Before the Sem
11. Class Time table – Signed and Xerox copy (highlighting the
Before the Sem
course periods including tutorial)
12. Lesson Plan with S.No as L.No, Topic, Teaching aid
(TA)/Methodology (TM), Text/Reference book and web Before the Sem
references.
13. i. Course Outcomes (COs) – Minimum 5 or 6 Based on
syllabus covering each unit with BT level mapped
Before the Sem
ii. Course Outcomes Mapping with POs and PSOs
iii. Justification for CO-PO and CO-PSO mapping
14. List of Gaps within the syllabus – Mapping to CO, POs and
Before the Sem
PSOs with Justification and proposed mode of addressing
15. List of Topic beyond the syllabus – Mapping to POs and PSOs
Before the Sem
with Justification and proposed mode of addressing
16. CO – PO/PSO Mapping including Gaps Before the Sem
17. Gap addressed – Single page report Before the Sem
18. Brief notes on the importance of the course Before the Sem
19. Lecture Notes - Unit wise including gaps Before the Sem
20. List of Power Point Presentations / Videos along with CD Before the Sem
21. University Question Papers (3 previous years Xerox copies) Before the Sem
22. Unit wise short and long answer question bank Before the Sem
23. Unit wise Quiz Questions Before the Sem
24. Class Tests Question Papers mapped with CO and BT with
solutions (Award list, Xerox copy of any 3 students answer During the sem
scripts)
25. Assignment Question Papers mapped with CO and BT with
solutions (Award list, During the sem
Xerox copy of any 3 students answer scripts)
26. Internal Question Papers mapped with CO and BT (Present sem
course and previous 3 years Xerox copy) with solutions (Award During the sem
list, Xerox copy of any 3 students answer scripts)
27. Scheme of evaluation with CO and BT mapping During the sem
S.No.Content Time line Tentative Dates
28. Tutorial topics with evidence both material and attendance During the sem
29. 3 lists of slow and advanced learners –
1. Based on previous semester/upto to previous semester.
2. Based on faculty observations upto 3 weeks. During the sem
3. Based on 1st mid exams.

30. Remedial class for slow learners – schedule and

During the sem
contents/materials.
31. Remedial class attendance sheet with delivery record During the sem
32. Advance Learners – Engagement documentation During the sem
33. List of student certifications in relevant NPTEL/other MOOC
During the sem
courses
34. Course Assessment (Plan & Execution) Before/after
35. Course end survey form, filled forms and analysis After the sem
36. Students feedback on faculty and TL analysis, corrective
After the sem
measured planned – 3rd & 13th week
37. Result Analysis at the end of the course After the sem
38. Observation for not attaining CO or for improvement After the sem
39. Plan of action to improve CO attainment next time After the sem
40. Attendance register (including Theory/Tutorial)
During the sem
–Teacher/Course delivery record, continuous evaluation
41. Course file (Digital form) – all the above contents After the sem

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering

Syllabus/Lesson Plan of Refrigeration & Air Conditioning:

Course Title: Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Course Code: PC417ME

L-T-P/D : 3-0-0 Credits: 3 Contact Hrs: 4 Hours/Week
CIE Marks : 30 SEE Marks: 70 Total Marks: 100
Teaching Hrs: Exam Duration: 3 hours

Teaching Tentative Week

L.No. Topic Aids/ References Date
Methodology
UNIT – I:Static and Dynamic Force Analysis, Gyroscope
Static & Dynamic force analysis: CT SR1,SR3,A1,
1 Static equilibrium: Constraint and 30-10-23
W1
Applied forces
Static Force analysis of Single slider CT SR1,SR3,A1
2 crank mechanism without Friction 1
30-10-23
Dynamic equilibrium: D’Alembert’s CT/Demo SR1,SR3,A1,
3 principle, equivalent offset inertia W1,V1 01-11-23
force.
Dynamic Analysis of Slider Crank CT SR1,SR3,A1
4 01-11-23
Mechanism
Engine Force Analysis: Piston effort, CT SR1,SR2,SR3
5 06-11-23
Force along connecting rod
Thrust on sides of cylinder, crank CT SR1,SR2,SR3
6 effort. Thrust on bearing ,A1,W1 2
06-11-23

Dynamically Equivalent System for CT SR1,SR2,SR3

7 08-11-23
Connecting Rod.
Gyroscope. Gyroscopic couple, effect CT/Demo/PPT SR1,SR2,SR3
8 of gyroscopic couple 08-11-23
,A1,A2
Gyroscopic effects on aeroplanes CT /PPT/AL SR1,SR2,SR3
9 15-11-23
,A1,V1
Gyroscopic effects on naval ships. CT/PPT/AL SR1,SR2,SR3
10 3
15-11-23
Effect of precession – motion on the CT/OBT SR1,SR2,SR3
11 27-10-22
stability of two wheeler ,A1
UNIT -II: FLYWHEELS & GOVERNORS
Flywheels: Turning Moment CT/PPT SR1,SR2,SR3
12 Diagrams for different engines 3
,A1,W1 28-10-22
13 Functions of flywheel CT SR1,SR2,SR3 01-11-22
Functions, Differences between CT/PPT SR1,SR2,SR3
14 flywheel and governor ,A1,V1 03-11-22
4
15 Turning moment diagrams. CT /PPT SR1,SR3,A1 03-11-22
flywheel analysis for I-C Engines and CT SR1,SR2,SR3
16 04-11-22
presses ,A1
17 Governors: Working principle of CT/PPT/AL SR1,SR2,SR3
governor ,A1,W2 10-11-22
 Classification & types of governors CT/PPT SR1,SR2,SR3 10-11-22
18
,A1,V2
Analysis of Watt, Porter CT SR1,SR2,SR3
19 ,A1 5
11-11-22
Analysis of Hartnell governors CT SR1,SR2,SR3
20 11-11-22
,A1
Characteristics of governors: CT/ZM SR1,SR2,SR3
21 Controlling Force, Stability, ,A1 15-11-22 6
Isochronism, Sensitivity,
22 Power and Effort of governors CT SR1,SR3,A1 17-11-22
UNIT– III BALANCING
Balancing: Static balancing, Dynamic CT SR1,SR2,SR3
23 17-11-22
balancing ,A1,W2
Balancing of several masses rotating CT SR1,SR2,SR3 6
24 in several planes, consideration of ,A1 18-11-22
bearing forces
CIE-1 (1-7 Weeks)
25 Balancing of reciprocating masses CT SR1,SR3,A1 29-11-22
Primary balancing shaking forces in CT SR1,SR3,SR4
26 01-12-22
single cylinder engine. ,A2,W3
CT SR1,SR2,SR3 8
27 Numerical Problems 01-12-22
,A1,V3
Partial balancing and its effects CT SR1,SR3,A1,
28 02-12-22
A2,
Numerical Problems CT SR1,SR3,A1,
29
A2 06-12-22
Secondary balancing. CT SR1,SR3,SR4
30 ,A2 08-12-22
9
Balancing of locomotives, hammer CT/OBT SR1,SR3,SR4
31 blow, ,A2 08-12-22

variation of traction effort and CT/OBT SR1,SR3,SR4

32 09-12-22
swaying couple ,A2
UNIT- IV VIBRATIONS
Vibrations of Single degree freedom CT/Demo SR1,SR3,A1,
33 13-12-22
system axial A2,W4
Vibrations of Single degree freedom CT/ZM SR1,SR3,A1,
34 system transverse, Numerical A2,V4 15-12-22
Problems 10
Vibrations of Single degree freedom CT SR1,SR3,A1
35 15-12-22
system torsional, Numerical Problems
Equivalent system of combination of CT SR1,SR2,SR3 16-12-22
36 springs, Stepped shaft ,A1,W4,V4
37 Whirling speed of shafts CT SR1,SR3,A1 20-12-22
Damped Vibrations: Types of CT SR1,SR2,SR3
38 damping, ,A1 22-12-22 11

39 Vibrations with viscous damping CT SR1,SR2,SR3 22-12-22 11

,A1
 Forced Damped Vibrations: CT SR1,SR2,SR3
40 23-12-22
Magnification factor, Resonance ,A1
Vibration isolation and CT SR1,SR2,SR3
41 27-12-22 12
Transmissibility ,A1
UNIT - V: TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS
Torsional Vibrations of Two rotor CT/PPT SR1,SR2,SR3
42 29-12-22
system ,A1,W5,V5
Torsional Vibrations of three rotor CT/PPT SR1,SR3,A1,
43 29-12-22 12
system A2
CT SR1,SR3,A1,
44 Numericals 30-12-22
A2,W5,V5
Torsional Vibrations of Geared CT SR1,SR3,A1
45 03-01-23
systems
Natural frequencies of two degree CT SR1,SR3,A1,
46 05-01-23
freedom systems A2
CT SR1,SR3,A1, 13
47 Numericals 05-01-23
A2
Modes of vibration approximate CT/OBT SR1,SR3,A1,
48 methods for determining natural A2 06-01-23
frequencies Dunkerley's method,
Rayleigh's method
49 Discussion previous year questions PPT/CT 10-01-23
14
SANKRANTI HOLIDAYS
CIE-2 (8-15 Weeks)
50 Discussion previous year questions PPT/CT 24-01-23
16
51 Discussion previous year questions PPT/CT 27-01-23
Suggested Reading:
SR Book Title/Author/Publication
1 S.S. Rattan, Theory of Machines, Tata McGraw Hill, 2010
2 J. E. Shigley, Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, McGraw
HillPublications,2005.Thomas Bevan, Theory of Machines, Pearson Education
3 Norton RL, Kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery, McGraw-Hill Publications
4 Amitabha Ghosh and Ashok Kumar Mallik, Theory of Mechanisms and Machines, East
West Press Pvt.Ltd,2008
5 Thomas Bevan, the Theory of Machines, CBS Publishers & Distributors, 2004.
6 J.S. Rao and Gupta, Theory and Practice of Mechanical Vibrations, Prentice Hall, 1984.

Additional Books (A):

A Book Title/Author/Publication
A1 Theory of Machines-R S Khurmi
A2 Theory of Machines-Sadhu Singh/Pearson

Web References (W):

 W Web References
W1 https://lecturenotes-classroom-assignment-and-submission.s3.ap-south-
1.amazonaws.com/3-94da59dfa3-unit-1_lecture-1.pdf
W2 http://gpnuapada.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Lecture-notes_TOM.pdf
W3 https://irdproducts.com/phone/the-importance-of-dynamic-balancing.html
W4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibration
W5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsional_vibration

Videos (V):
V Videos
V1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqkoXySnGoQ
V2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQURLrZFU2k
V3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRLuQpmHNoE
V4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dL9kFjfizY
V5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ER5nVy4-q6s

Teaching Aids/Teaching Methodology:

Zoom meeting (ZM)/ Google Classroom (GC)/ CT (CT)/ Power Point Presentation (PPT)/ Demonstration (Demo.)/ Animated
Lectures (AL)/ Guest lecture (GL) /Workshops (WS)/ Seminars (S)/ Pictorial sessions(PS)/ Quiz (Q)/NPTEL Videos (NV)/ Open
book test (OBT)/ Review web literature (RWL)/ Flipped Classroom (FC)/ Project- based learning (PBL)/ Real-time case studies
(RTCS)/ Journal Review (JR)/ Research projects (RP)

Prepared by

Mr. Shaik Mohammed Hussain

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Course Outcomes: C73 – Refrigeration & Air Conditioning
Student will able to

Bloom’s
CO. No. Description Taxonomy
Level

C73.1 Understand various natural and artificial methods of refrigeration, importance of BTL2
refrigerant selection and the environmental issues related to the use of CFCs.
C73.2 Explain different types of refrigerants used in vapour compression refrigeration BTL2
system and single or multi stage system based on operating temperature range.

C73.3 Apply the principles of vapour absorption, thermoelectric and steam-jet refrigeration BTL3
systems. Select a suitable refrigerant absorbent mixture for Vapour absorption
refrigeration system.

C73.4 Analyze various problems on psychrometric processes, know the construction and BTL4
application of Psychrometric chart.

C73.5 Analyze air conditioning system based on given inside and outside conditions also BTL4
cooling and heating loads in an air conditioning system.

C73.6 Evaluate typical conditions required for various food product processes and BTL5
applications of refrigeration and air conditioning.

Note: Bloom's Taxonomy Levels

BTL1-Remember BTL2 – Understand BTL3 –Apply

BTL4-Analyze BTL5 –Evaluate BTL6–Create

Signature of the Faculty

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Course Articulation Matrix:

Mapping of Course Outcomes (CO) with Program Outcomes (PO) and Program Specific Outcomes
(PSO’s):

Course Title: Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Course code: PC417ME

Sem: VII Academic Year: 2023-2024

Name of the Faculty: Mr. Shaik Mohammed Hussain

Course Program
Outcomes Program Outcomes (PO) Specific
(CO) Outcomes
(PSO’s)

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2

C73.1 3 3 3 3 2 - - - - 3 - 3 3 2

C73.2 3 3 3 3 3 - - - - 3 - 2 3 2

C73.3 3 3 2 2 2 - - - - 3 - 2 2 2

C73.4 3 3 2 2 2 - - - - 2 - 2 2 2

C73.5 3 3 2 3 2 - - - - 3 - 2 3 2

C73.6 3 3 3 3 3 - - - - 2 - 2 2 2

C73 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.7 2.3 - - - - 2.7 - 2.2 2.5 2

Level: 1- Low correlation (Low), 2- Medium correlation (Medium), 3-High correlation (High)
PO1: Engineering knowledge, PO2: Problem analysis, PO3: Design/Development of solutions,
PO4: Conduct investigations of complex problems, PO5: Modern tool usage, PO6: The engineer and society,
PO7: Environment and sustainability, PO8: Ethics, PO9: Individual and teamwork,
PO10: Communication, PO11: Project management and finance, PO12: Life-long learning
PSO1: Professional Skills, PSO2: Problem-Solving Skills

Signature of the Faculty

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Justification for CO-PO and CO-PSO Mapping:

Justification for CO-PO Mapping:

Mapping Level Justification

C73.1. Mapping with POs
Students are able to apply the knowledge of mathematics to solve single and
C73.1-PO1 3
multi-stage problems.
Students are able to solve work done and power problems using the principles
C73.1-PO2 3
of engineering sciences
Students are able to design solutions for complex engineering problems by
C73.1-PO3 3
considering environmental conditions.
Students will apply reciprocating air compressors concepts in the research based
C73.1-PO4 3
problems.
Able to utilize the resources of laboratories for testing of reciprocating air
C73.1-PO5 2
compressors.
C73.1-PO10 3 Students are able to prepare on complex engineering activities.
Students will able to solve intercooling and after cooling concepts related
C73.1-PO12 3
problems as change of technology.
C73.2. Mapping with POs
Students are able to apply the knowledge of mathematics to solve complex
C73.2-PO1 3
Internal combustion engines problems.

Students will study the principle of I.C Engines to formulate Brake power and
C73.2-PO2 3
Indicated power related problems.

Students are able to know the knowledge on complex engineering problems of

C73.2-PO3 3
Brake thermal efficiency.

Students will apply S.I and C.I engines concepts in the research based
C73.2-PO4 3
problems.
C73.2-PO5 3 Able to utilize the resources of laboratories for testing of engines.

C73.2-PO10 2 Students are able to prepare on complex engineering activities.

Students will able to solve S.I and C.I. engines problems independently as
C73.2-PO12 3
change of technology.
C73.3. Mapping with POs
Students are able to apply the knowledge of mathematics to draw stages of
C73.3-PO1 3
combustion curves in S.I and C.I Engines.

Students will study the principle of combustion to formulate graphs related to

C73.3-PO2 3
abnormal and normal combustion.
Mapping Level Justification
Students are able to know the knowledge on complex engineering problems of
C73.3-PO3 2
combustion in S.I and C.I engines.
C73.3-PO4 2 Students will apply Combustion concepts in the research based problems.
C73.3-PO5 2 Able to utilize the resources of laboratories for testing of engines.
 C73.3-PO10 2 Students are able to prepare on complex engineering activities.

Students will able to solve knocking, detonation and pre-ignition problems

C73.3-PO12 2
independently as change of technology.
C73.4. Mapping with POs
Students are able to apply the knowledge of mathematics to calculate the
C73.4-PO1 3
boilers and condensor sizes

Students will study the working principles of boilers and condensers to

C73.4-PO2 3
formulate problems related to them.

Students are able to know the knowledge on complex engineering problems of

C73.4-PO3 2
boilers and condensers.

Students will apply boilers and condensers concepts in the research based
C73.4-PO4 2
problems.
Able to utilize the resources of laboratories for testing of boilers and
C73.4-PO5 3
condensers.

C73.4-PO10 2 Students are able to prepare on complex engineering activities.

Students will able to solve boilers and condensers problems independently as

C73.4-PO12 2
change of technology.
C73.5. Mapping with POs
Students are able to apply the knowledge of mathematics to solve complex
C73.5-PO1 3
nozzles problems.

Students will study the principles of steam flow through nozzles to formulate
C73.5-PO2 3
convergent and divergent nozzles related problems.

Students are able to know the knowledge on complex engineering problems of

C73.5-PO3 3
nozzles.

Students will apply condition for maximum discharge, pressure ratio and
C73.5-PO4 2
nozzle efficiency concepts in the research based problems.
C73.5-PO5 2 Able to utilize the resources of laboratories for testing of nozzles.

C73.5-PO10 2 Students are able to prepare on complex engineering activities.

Students will able to solve area, velocity and pressure in nozzles flow problems
C73.5-PO12 3
independently as change of technology.

Justification for CO-PSO Mapping:

Mapping Level Justification
C731.1. Mapping with PSOs
C73.1-PSO1 Understand basic knowledge of Static and Dynamics force analysis and apply it
3
to design and manufacturing industries.
C73.1-PSO2 2 Students are able to solve complex Gyroscopic couple problems using analytical
 skills to arrive approximate solutions.
C731.2. Mapping with PSOs
C73.2-PSO1 Understand basic knowledge of flywheels and apply it to design and
3
manufacturing industries.
C73.2-PSO2 Students are able to construct complex turning moment diagrams using analytical
2
skills to arrive approximate solutions.
C731.3. Mapping with PSOs
C73.3-PSO1 Understand basic knowledge of governors and apply it to design and
3
manufacturing industries.
C73.3-PSO2 Students are able to solve complex centrifugal governors problems using
2
analytical skills to arrive approximate solutions.
C731.4. Mapping with PSOs
C73.4-PSO1 Understand basic knowledge of Refrigeration & Air Conditioning and apply it to
3
design and manufacturing industries.
C73.4-PSO2 Students are able to solve balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses
2
problems using analytical skills to arrive approximate solutions.
C731.5. Mapping with PSOs
C73.5-PSO1 Understand basic knowledge of vibrations and apply it to design and
3
manufacturing industries.
C73.5-PSO2 Students are able to solve complex damped and forced vibrations problems using
2
analytical skills to arrive approximate solutions.
C731.6. Mapping with PSOs
C73.6-PSO1 Understand basic knowledge of torsional vibrations and apply it to design and
3
manufacturing industries.

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Gaps Within the Syllabus & Topic Beyond the Syllabus:

Gaps within the Syllabus (GWS):
 GWS Description CO Proposed Actions
GWS.1 Effect of Gyroscopic Couple on a CO1 By Guest Lecture
Disc fixed rigidly at a certain angle
to a rotating shaft

Gaps Within the Syllabus: Mapping with CO1, PO and PSO

GWS PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO1 PO1 PO1 PSO PSO
0 1 2 1 2

GWS.1 3 - - 3 - - - - - - - - 3 2

Justification for GWS-PO and GWS-PSO Mapping:

Mapping Level Justification
GWS Mapping with POs
GWS.1-PO1 3 Students are able to apply the knowledge of mathematics to solve complex
problems on Gyroscopic Couple.
GWS.1-PO4 3 Students will apply concept of Gyroscopic Couple to solve the research
based problems.
GWS Mapping with PSOs
GWS.1-PSO1 3 Understand basic knowledge of Refrigeration & Air Conditioning and apply
it to design and automobile industries.
GWS.1-PSO2 2 Students are able to solve complex Gyroscopic Couple problems using
analytical skills to arrive approximate solutions.

Topic Beyond the Syllabus (TBS):

TBS Description Proposed Actions

TBS.1 Balancing of reciprocating masses By Subject expert
TBS.2 Longitudinal and Transverse vibrations By Subject expert

Topic Beyond Syllabus: Mapping with PO and PSO

TBS PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO1 PO1 PO1 PSO PSO
0 1 2 1 2
TBS.1 3 - - 3 - - - - - - - - 3 3

TBS.2 3 - - 3 - - - - - - - - 3 3
TBS 3 - - 3 - - - - - - - - 3 3

Justification for TBS-PO and TBS-PSO Mapping:

Mapping Level Justification
TBS Mapping with POs
TBS.1-PO1 3 Students are able to apply the knowledge of mathematics to solve complex
Balancing of reciprocating masses problems.
 TBS.1-PO4 3 Students will apply Balancing of reciprocating masses concept to solve the
research based problems.
TBS.2-PO1 3 Students are able to apply the knowledge of mathematics to solve complex
Longitudinal and Transverse vibrations problems.
TBS.2-PO2 3 Students will apply Longitudinal and Transverse vibrations concept to solve the
research based problems.
Mapping Level Justification
TBS Mapping with PSOs
TBS.1-PSO1 3 Understand basic knowledge of Balancing of reciprocating masses concept and
apply it to automobile industries.
TBS.1-PSO2 3 Students are able to solve complex Balancing of reciprocating masses problems
using analytical skills to arrive approximate solutions.
TBS.2-PSO1 3 Understand basic knowledge of Longitudinal and Transverse vibrations concept
and apply it to automobile industries.
TBS.2-PSO2 3 Students are able to solve complex Longitudinal and Transverse vibrations
problems using analytical skills to arrive approximate solutions.

CO-PO/PSO Mapping Including Gaps Within & Beyond the Syllabus:

CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO PSO
1 2
C73.1 3 3 3 3 2 - - - - -
3 3 3 2
C73.2 3 3 3 3 3 - - - - -
2 3 3 2
C73.3 3 3 2 2 2 - - - - -
2 3 2 2
C73.4 3 3 2 2 2 - - - - -
2 2 2 2
C73.5 3 3 3 2 2 - - - - -
2 3 3 2
C73.6 3 3 3 3 3 - - - - -
2 2 2 2
C73 3 3 2 2 2 - - - - 2 - 2 2 2
TBS 3 - - 3 - - - - - - - - 3 3
C73 & 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 3
TBS

Signature of the Faculty

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

B.E. V SEMESTER
 Subject: Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

GAP ADDRESSED

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

IMPORTANCE OF THE COURSE

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning:

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

UNIT-I
Short questions:
 1. When does gyroscopic couple occurs? What is the expression for its magnitude?
2. What is the difference between piston effort, crank effort and crank pin effort?
3. State the conditions to be satisfied for dynamically equivalent system.
4. Explain how gyroscope is used as a stabilization device.
5. State D’Alembert’s principle.

Long questions:
1. Discuss the equilibrium of two and three force members.
2. The propeller of aero has a mass of 56 kg and has radius of gyration of 0 9 m. The propeller shaft
rotates at 1900 r.p.m, clockwise as viewed from tail end. The plane turns left, making a U turn, i.e.
through 180° of 120 m radius, at a speed of 330 km/hr, determine the gyroscopic couple and its
effect on the aircraft Also find the reactions on bearings if the distance between two bearings of the
propeller is 0.8m.
3. The rotor of the turbine of a yacht makes 1200 rpm clockwise when viewed from stern. The rotor has
a mass of 750 kg and its radius of gyration is 250 mm. Find the maximum gyroscopic couple
transmitted to the body of the yacht when it pitches with a maximum angular velocity of 1 rad/s.
What is the effect of this couple?
4. An aeroplane makes a complete half circle of 50 metres radius, towards left, when flying at 200 km
per hr. The rotary engine and the propeller of the plane has a mass of 400 kg and a radius of gyration
of 0.3 m. The engine rotates at 2400 r.p.m. clockwise when viewed from the rear. Find the
gyroscopic couple on the aircraft and state its effect on it.
5. The turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 8 tonnes and a radius of gyration 0.6 m. It rotates at 1800
r.p.m. clockwise, when looking from the stern. Determine the gyroscopic couple, if the ship travels at
100 km/hr and steer to the left in a curve of 75 m radius.

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

UNIT-II
Short questions:
 1. Define ‘inertia force’ and ‘inertia torque’.
2. Define the terms ‘coefficient of fluctuation of energy’ and ‘coefficient of fluctuation of speed’, in the
case of flywheels.
3. Draw the turning moment diagram of a single cylinder double acting steam engine
4. Differentiate the function of flywheel and governor.
5. Explain the function of Governor?
Long questions:
1. In a turning moment diagram, the areas above and below the mean torque line taken in
order are 7300, 1150, 1300 and 4550 mm2 respectively. The scales of the turning moment diagram
are:Turning moment, 1 mm = 100 N-m ; Crank angle, 1 mm = 1° Find the mass of the flywheel
required to keep the speed between 297 and 303 r.p.m., if the radius of gyration is 0.525 m.
2. A steam engine runs at 150 r.p.m. Its turning moment diagram gave the following area
measurements in mm2 taken in order above and below the mean torque line: 500,-250, 270,– 390, 190,
– 340, 270, – 250. The scale for the turning moment is1 mm=500N-m, and for crank angle is 1mm =
5°. The fluctuation of speed is not to exceed ± 1.5% of the mean, determine the cross-section of the
rim of the flywheel assumed rectangular with axial dimension equal to 1.5 times the radial dimension.
The hoop stress is limited to 3 MPa and the density of the material of the flywheel is 7500 kg/m 3.
3. A governor of the Hartnell type has equal balls of mass 3 kg, set initially at a radius of 200mm. The
arms of the bell crank lever are 110 mm vertically and 150mm horizontally. Find a) initial
compressive force on the spring if the speed for an initial ball radius of 200 mm is 240 rpm. b)
stiffness of the spring required to permit a sleeve movement of 4mm on a fluctuation of 7.5 percent in
the engine speed.
4. A porter governor has equal arms each 250 mm long and pivoted on the axis of rotation. Each ball has
a mass of 5 kg and the mass of the central load on the sleeve is 25 kg. The radius of rotation of the ball
is 150 mm when the governor begins to lift and 200 mm when the governor is at maximum speed. Find
the minimum and maximum speeds and range of speed of the governor.
5. A proell governor has equal arms of length 300mm. The upper and lower ends of the arms are
provided on the axis of the governor. The extension arms of links are each 80 mm long and parallel to
the axis when the radii of rotation of the balls are 150mm and 200mm. The mass of each ball is 10 kg
and the mass of the central load is 100 kg. Determine the range of speed of the governor.

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

UNIT-III

Short questions:
1. Why balancing of dynamic forces is necessary?
2. Write the equation for balancing a single rotating mass by a single mass?
3. Differentiate between the unbalanced force due to a reciprocating mass and that due to a revolving
masses.
4. Why complete balancing is not possible in reciprocating engine?
5. Define the terms swaying couple and tractive force.

Long questions:
1. A shaft has three eccentrics, each 75 mm diameter and 25 mm thick, machined in one piece with the shaft.
The central planes of the eccentric are 60 mm apart. The distance of the centres from the axis of rotation
are 12 mm, 18 mm and 12 mm and their angular positions are 120° apart. The density of metal is 7000
kg/m3. Find the amount of out-of-balance force and couple at 600 r.p.m. If the shaft is balanced by adding
two masses at a radius 75 mm and at distances of 100 mm from the central plane of the middle eccentric,
find the amount of the masses and their angular positions.
2. A, B, C and D are four masses carried by a rotating shaft at radii 100, 125, 200 and 150 mm respectively.
The planes in which the masses revolve are spaced 600 mm apart and the mass of B, C and D are 10 kg, 5
kg, and 4 kg respectively.Find the required mass A and the relative angular settings of the four masses so
that the shaft shall be in complete balance.

3. An inside cylinder locomotive has its cylinder centre lines 0.7 m apart and has a stroke of 0.6 m. The
rotating masses per cylinder are equivalent to 150 kg at the crank pin, and the reciprocating masses per
cylinder to 180 kg. The wheel centre lines are 1.5 m apart. The cranks are at right angles.The whole of the
rotating and 2/3 of the recipro-cating masses are to be balanced by masses placed at a radius of 0.6 m. Find
the magnitude and direction of the balancing masses.Find the fluctuation in rail pressure under one wheel,
variation of tractive effort and the magnitude of swaying couple at a crank speed of 300 r.p.m.
4. The following data apply to an outside cylinder uncoupled locomotive: Mass of rotating parts per cylinder =
360 kg; Mass of reciprocating parts per cylinder = 300 kg
Angle between cranks = 90° ; Crank radius = 0.3 m ; Cylinder centres = 1.75 m ; Radius of balance masses
= 0.75 m ; Wheel centres = 1.45 m. If whole of the rotating and two-thirds of reciprocating parts are to be
balanced in planes of the driving wheels, find :1. Magnitude and angular positions of balance
masses,2. Speed in kilometres per hour at which the wheel will lift off the rails when the load on each
driving wheel is 30 kN and the diameter of tread of driving wheels is 1.8 m, and 3. Swaying couple at
speed arrived at in (2) above.
5. A three cylinder radial engine driven by a common crank has the cylinders spaced at 120°. The stroke is 125
mm, length of the connecting rod 225 mm and the mass of the reciprocating parts per cylinder 2 kg.
Calculate the primary and secondary forces at crank shaft speed of 1200 r.p.m

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

UNIT-IV

Short questions:
 1. What is meant by free vibration and forced vibrations?
2. How will you classify vibration?
3. What do you meant by damping and damped vibration?
4. When do you say a vibrating system is under damped?
5. Define critical or whirling or whipping speed of a shaft.

Long questions:
1. In a damped vibrating system, the mass having 20kg makes 40 oscillations in 25sec. The amplitude of
natural vibrations decreases to one eighth of the initial value after 8 oscillations. Determine: i. the
logarithmic decrement ii. damping factor & damping coefficient iii. spring stiffness.
2. A machine part having a mass of 2.5kg vibrates in a viscous medium. A harmonic exciting force of 30N
acts on the part and causes a resonant amplitude of 14mm with a period of 0.22 sec. Find the damping
coeff‌icient. If the frequency of the exciting force is changed to 4Hz, determine the increase in amplitude
of forced vibrations upon the removal of the damper.
3. The mass of a single degree damped vibrating system is 7.5 kg and makes 24free oscillations in 14
seconds when disturbed from its equilibrium position.The amplitude of vibration reduces to 0.25 of its
initial value after five oscillations. Determine: 1.Stiffness of the spring 2.Logarithmic decrement, and
3.damping factor, i.e. the ratio of the system damping to critical damping.
4. Derive the expression for the natural frequency of free transverse or longitudinal vibrations by using any
two methods.
5. A vibrating system consists of a mass of 8kg,spring of stiffness 5.6N/m anddashpot of damping
coefficient of 40N/m/s.Find,(i)Critical damping coefficient (ii)the damping factor (iii)the natural
frequency of damped vibration (iv)the logarithmic decrement(v)the ratio of two consecutive amplitude
(vi)the number of cycle after which the original amplitude is reduced to 20 percent. A Pelton wheel has a
mean bucket speed of 73 m/s with a jet of water flowing at the rate of 1 m3/s under a head of 270 m. The
buckets deflect the jet through an angle of 170°. Calculate the power delivered to the runner and the
hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. Assume co-efficient of velocity as 0.98.

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

UNIT-V
Short questions:
1. What is torsional vibration?
2. Illustrate the effect of inertia of a shaft on the free torsional vibrations.
3. What is meant by torsionally equivalent length of a shaft as referred to a stepped shaft?
4. How the natural frequency of torsional vibrations for a two rotor system is obtained?
5. Explain the main differences among longitudinal, transverse and torsional vibrations.

Long questions:
1. Derive an expression for the frequency of free torsional vibrations for a shaft fixed at one end and
carrying a load on the free end.
2. Describe the method of finding the natural frequency of torsional vibrations for a three rotor system.
3. A shaft of 100 mm diameter and 1 metre long is fixed at one end and the other end carries a flywheel of
mass 1 tonne. The radius of gyration of the flywheel is 0.5 m. Find the frequency of torsional
vibrations, if the modulus of rigidity for the shaft material is 80 GN/m2.
4. The flywheel of an engine driving a dynamo has a mass of 180 kg and a radius of gyration of 30 mm.
The shaft at the flywheel end has an effective length of 250 mm and is 50 mm diameter. The armature
mass is 120 kg and its radius of gyration is 22.5 mm. The dynamo shaft is 43 mm diameter and 200 mm
effective length. Calculate the position of node and frequency of torsional oscillation. C = 83 kN/mm"
5. The two rotors A and B are attached to the end of a shaft 500 mm long. The mass of the rotor A is 300
kg and its radius of gyration is 300 mm. The corresponding values of the rotor B are 500 kg and 450
mm respectively. The shaft is 70 mm in diameter for the first 250 mm; 120 mm for the next 70 mm and
100 mm diameter for the remaining length. The modulus of rigidity for the shaft material is 80 GN/m2.
Find 1. The position of the node, and 2. The frequency of torsional vibration.

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

B.E. V SEMESTER
Name of the Subject: Refrigeration & Air Conditioning
Class Test – 1
Class Test Questions: Date: Max.Marks:10
 Q. No. Question Course Bloom’s
Outcome Taxonomy
Level
1. The lengths of crank and connecting rod of a horizontal CO1 BTL5
reciprocating engine are 200mm and 1.0 m respectively. The
crank is rotating at 400rpm. When the crank has turned 30 0 from
the inner dead centre, the difference of pressure between the cover
end and piston end is 0.4N/mm 2. If the mass of the reciprocating
parts is 100kg and cylinder bore is 0.4m, then Determine i)Thrust
on sides of cylinder walls ii)Thrust in Connecting rod and iii)
Turning moment on the crank shaft. Neglect the effect of piston
rod diameter and frictional resistance.
2. A Vertical petrol engine 150 mm diameter and 200 mm stroke has CO1 BTL5
a connecting rod 730 mm long. The mass of the piston is 1.6 kg
and engine speed is 1800 r.p.m. On the expansion stroke with
crank angle 300 from the top dead centre, the gas pressure is 750
kN/m2.Determine the net thrust on the engine
3. Develop the expression for maximum fluctuation of energy for CO2 BTL3
flywheel and define the coefficient of fluctuation of energy.
4. Construct the turning moment diagram for a multicylinder engine CO2 BTL3
to a scale 1 mm = 600 N-m vertically and 1mm=30 horizontally.
The intercepted areas between the output torque curve and the
mean resistance line, taken in order from one end, are as follows:
+52, -124, +92, -140, +85, -72 and +107mm2, when the engine is
running at a speed of 600r.p.m. If the total fluctuation of speed is
not to exceed +-1.5% of the mean, Calculate the necessary mass
of the flywheel of radius 0.5m
5. A Porter governor has equal arms each 250 mm long and pivoted CO3 BTL5
on the axis of rotation. Each ball has a mass of 5 kg and the mass
of the central load on the sleeve is 15 kg. The radius of rotation of
the ball is 150 mm when the governor begins to lift and 200 mm
when the governor is at maximum speed. Determine the minimum
and maximum speeds and range of speed of the governor.

Bloom's Taxonomy Levels (BTL)

BTL1 –Remember BTL2 Understand BTL3 –Apply
BTL4-Analyze BTL5 –Evaluate BTL6 –Create

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

B.E. V SEMESTER
Name of the Subject: Refrigeration & Air Conditioning
Class Test – 2
Class Test Questions: Date: Max.Marks:10
 Bloom’s
Q. Course
Question Taxonomy
No. Outcome
Level
1. A shaft carries four masses A,B,C and D of magnitude 200kg, 300kg, CO4 BTL5
400kg, and 200kg respectively and revolving at radii 80mm, 70mm,
60mm, and 80mm in planes measured from A at 300mm, 400mm and
700mm. The angles between the cranks measured anticlockwise are A
to B 450 , B to C 700 , and C to D1200 . The balancing masses are to be
placed in planes X and Y. The distance between the planes A and X is
100mm, between X and Y is 400mm and between Y and D is 200mm.
If the balancing masses revolve at a radius of 100mm, Determine their
magnitudes and angular positions.
2. A shaft has three eccentrics, each 75 mm diameter and 25 mm thick, CO4 BTL5
machined in one piece with the shaft. The central planes of the
eccentric are 60 mm apart.The distance of the centres from the axis of
rotation are 12 mm, 18 mm and 12 mm and their angular positions are
120° apart. The density of metal is 7000kg/m3. Find the amount of
out-of-balance force and couple at 600 r.p.m. If the shaft is balanced
by adding two masses at a radius 75 mm and at distances of 100 mm
from the central plane of the middle eccentric, find the amount of the
masses and their angular positions.
3. A shaft 50mm diameter and 3m long is simply supported at the ends CO5 BTL5
and carries three loads of 1000N, 1500N, and 750N at 1m, 2m, and
2.5m from the left support. The Young’s modulus for shaft material is
200 GN/m2. Find the frequency of transverse vibration.
4. The measurements on a mechanical vibrating system show that it has CO5 BTL5
a mass of 8kg and that the spring can be combined to give and
equivalent spring of stiffness 5.4 N/mm. If the vibrating system has a
dashpot attached which exerts a force of 40N when the mass has a
velocity of 1m/sec. Determine the damping coefficient, critical
damping coefficient, damping factor and logarithmic decrement.
5. Explain the Dunkerley’s and Rayleigh’s method to find the natural CO6 BTL5
frequency of multi rotor system.

Bloom's Taxonomy Levels (BTL)

BTL1 –Remember BTL2 Understand BTL3 –Apply
BTL4-Analyze BTL5 –Evaluate BTL6 –Create
LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

B.E. V SEMESTER
Name of the Subject: Refrigeration & Air Conditioning
Marks List of Class Test Max. Marks (10)
S. No. H.T. No. of the Student Class Class Remarks
 Test-1 Test-2
1. 160920736001
2. 160920736002
3. 160920736003
4. 160920736004
5. 160920736005
6. 160920736006
7. 160920736007
8. 160920736008
9. 160920736009
10. 160920736010
11. 160920736011
12. 160920736012
13. 160920736013
14. 160920736014
15. 160920736015
16. 160920736016
17. 160920736017
18. 160920736018
19. 160920736019
20. 160920736020
21. 160920736021
22. 160920736023
23. 160920736024
24. 160920736025
25. 160920736026
26. 160920736027
27. 160920736028
28. 160920736029
29. 160920736030

Class Class
S. No. H.T. No. of the Student Remarks
Test-1 Test-2
30. 160920736031
31. 160920736032
32. 160920736033
33. 160920736034
 34. 160920736073
35. 160920736036
36. 160920736037
37. 160920736038
38. 160920736040
39. 160920736301
40. 160920736302
41. 160920736303
42. 160920736304
43. 160920736305
44. 160920736306
45. 160920736307
46. 160920736308
47. 160920736309
48. 160920736310
49. 160920736311
50. 160920736312
51. 160920736313
52. 160920736314
53. 160920736315
54. 160920736316
55. 160920736317
56. 160920736318
57. 160920736319
58. 160920736320
59. 160920736321
60. 160920736322
61. 160920736323
62. 160920736324
63. 160920736325
64. 160920736326

Class Class
S. No. H.T. No. of the Student Remarks
Test-1 Test-2
65. 160920736327
66. 160920736328
67. 160920736329
68. 160920736331
69. 160920736332
70. 160920736333
71. 160920736334
72. 160920736373

Signature of the Faculty

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

B.E. V SEMESTER
Name of the Subject: Refrigeration & Air Conditioning
Assignment – 1
 Assignment Questions: Date: 06-12-2023 Max.Marks:10
Course Bloom’s
Q.No. Question Outcome Taxonomy
Level
1. An air refrigerator working on Bell-Coleman cycle takes the air into the CO1 BTL3
compressor at 1 bar and -70C and it is compressed isentropically to 5.5 bar
and it is further cooled to 180C at the same pressure. Find the C.O.P of the
system if the expansion is isentropic. Take γ = 1.4 and Cp = 1kJ/kg-k for air.
2. Derive the expression for COP of Bell Coleman cycle. CO1 BTL3
3. Explain the working principle of vapour compression refrigeration cycle CO2 BTL2
with a neat diagram.

4. CO2 BTL3
Pressure Saturation Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy(kJ/kg)
(bar) temperature(k)
Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
60 295 151.96 293.29 0.554 1.0332
25 261 56.32 322.58 0.226 1.2464
A vapour compression refrigerator works between the pressure limits of 60
bar and 25 bar. The working fluid is just dry at the end of compression and
there is no under cooling of the liquid before the expansion valve. Determine
1. C.O.P. of the cycle; and 2. Capacity of the refrigerator if the fluid flow is
at the rate of 5kg/min.

5. Explain the working principle of vapor absorption cycle refrigeration cycle CO3 BTL2

Bloom's Taxonomy Levels (BTL)

BTL1 –Remember BTL2 Understand BTL3 –Apply
BTL4-Analyze BTL5 –Evaluate BTL6 –Create

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

B.E. V SEMESTER
Name of the Subject: Refrigeration & Air Conditioning
Assignment – 2
Assignment Questions: Date:12-01-2023 Max.Marks:10
Q. Question Course Bloom’s
 Outcome Taxono
No.
my Level
1. A shaft carries four masses A,B,C and D of magnitude 200kg, 300kg, 400kg, CO4 BTL5
and 200kg respectively and revolving at radii 80mm, 70mm, 60mm, and
80mm in planes measured from A at 300mm, 400mm and 700mm. The angles
between the cranks measured anticlockwise are A to B 45 0 , B to C 700 , and
C to D1200 . The balancing masses are to be placed in planes X and Y. The
distance between the planes A and X is 100mm, between X and Y is 400mm
and between Y and D is 200mm. If the balancing masses revolve at a radius
of 100mm, Determine their magnitudes and angular positions.
2. A shaft has three eccentrics, each 75 mm diameter and 25 mm thick, CO4 BTL5
machined in one piece with the shaft. The central planes of the eccentric are
60 mm apart.The distance of the centres from the axis of rotation are 12 mm,
18 mm and 12 mm and their angular positions are 120° apart. The density of
metal is 7000kg/m3. Find the amount of out-of-balance force and couple at
600 r.p.m. If the shaft is balanced by adding two masses at a radius 75 mm
and at distances of 100 mm from the central plane of the middle eccentric,
find the amount of the masses and their angular positions.
3. A shaft 50mm diameter and 3m long is simply supported at the ends and CO5 BTL5
carries three loads of 1000N, 1500N, and 750N at 1m, 2m, and 2.5m from the
left support. The Young’s modulus for shaft material is 200 GN/m2. Find the
frequency of transverse vibration.
4. The measurements on a mechanical vibrating system show that it has a mass CO5 BTL5
of 8kg and that the spring can be combined to give and equivalent spring of
stiffness 5.4 N/mm. If the vibrating system has a dashpot attached which
exerts a force of 40N when the mass has a velocity of 1m/sec. Determine the
damping coefficient, critical damping coefficient, damping factor and
logarithmic decrement.
5. Explain the Dunkerley’s and Rayleigh’s method to find the natural frequency CO6 BTL5
of multi rotor system.
6. Explain the method of finding the natural frequency of Torsional vibrations CO6 BTL5
for a three rotor system.

Bloom's Taxonomy Levels (BTL)

BTL1 –Remember BTL2 Understand BTL3 –Apply
BTL4-Analyze BTL5 –Evaluate BTL6 –Create

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

B.E. V SEMESTER
Name of the Subject: Refrigeration & Air Conditioning
Marks List of Assignment Max. Marks – 10
H.T. No. of the
S. No. Assignment-1 Assignment-2 Remarks
Student
 1. 160920736001
2. 160920736002
3. 160920736003
4. 160920736004
5. 160920736005
6. 160920736006
7. 160920736007
8. 160920736008
9. 160920736009
10. 160920736010
11. 160920736011
12. 160920736012
13. 160920736013
14. 160920736014
15. 160920736015
16. 160920736016
17. 160920736017
18. 160920736018
19. 160920736019
20. 160920736020
21. 160920736021
22. 160920736023
23. 160920736024
24. 160920736025
25. 160920736026
26. 160920736027
27. 160920736028
28. 160920736029
29. 160920736030
H.T. No. of the
S. No. Assignment-1 Assignment-2 Remarks
Student
30. 160920736031
31. 160920736032
32. 160920736033
33. 160920736034
34. 160920736073
 35. 160920736036
36. 160920736037
37. 160920736038
38. 160920736040
39. 160920736301
40. 160920736302
41. 160920736303
42. 160920736304
43. 160920736305
44. 160920736306
45. 160920736307
46. 160920736308
47. 160920736309
48. 160920736310
49. 160920736311
50. 160920736312
51. 160920736313
52. 160920736314
53. 160920736315
54. 160920736316
55. 160920736317
56. 160920736318
57. 160920736319
58. 160920736320
59. 160920736321
60. 160920736322
61. 160920736323
62. 160920736324
63. 160920736325
64. 160920736326
H.T. No. of the
S. No. Assignment-1 Assignment-2 Remarks
Student
65. 160920736327
66. 160920736328
67. 160920736329
68. 160920736331
 69. 160920736332
70. 160920736333
71. 160920736334
72. 160920736373

Signature of the Faculty

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE/Affiliated to Osmania University/Estd.2002.
B.E –V- SEMESTER – CONTINUOUS INTERNAL EVALUATION- 1, Nov, 2022
Name of the Subject: Refrigeration & Air Conditioning
(Branch- Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 1:30hour Date: Max.Marks:20
 BTL1 –Remember BTL2 -Understand BTL3 –Apply
BTL4-Analyze BTL5 –Evaluate BTL6 –Create
Note:
 Part-A is compulsory which consists of 6 sub questions (1-6) each carries one (1) mark.
 Answer any Two questions out of three questions given (7-9) in Part-B. Each question carries 7 Marks.
 Missing data, if any, may suitably be assumed
PART-A
Bloom
Mark Taxonomy CO
Question
Q.No. s Mapping
Level

1. Define Piston effort and Crank effort. 1M BTL1 CO1

2. Illustrate Dynamically equivalent system 1M BTL2 CO1

3. Outline the turning moment diagram of a multicylinder engine. 1M BTL2 CO2

What is the function of a flywheel? How does it differ from that
4. 1M BTL1 CO2
of a governor?
5. List the different types of governors. 1M BTL1 CO3

6. Define the term height of the governor. 1M BTL1 CO3

PART-B
Bloom
CO
Question Marks Taxonomy
Q.No. Mapping
Level
7. A Vertical petrol engine 150 mm diameter and 200 mm stroke has 7M BTL5 CO1
a connecting rod 730 mm long. The mass of the piston is 1.6 kg
and engine speed is 1800 r.p.m. On the expansion stroke with
crank angle 300 from the top dead centre, the gas pressure is 750
kN/m2.Determine the net thrust on the engine.
8 Construct the turning moment diagram for a multicylinder engine 7M BTL3 CO2
to a scale 1 mm = 600 N-m vertically and 1mm=3 0 horizontally.
The intercepted areas between the output torque curve and the
mean resistance line, taken in order from one end, are as follows:
+52, -124, +92, -140, +85, -72 and +107mm2, when the engine is
running at a speed of 600r.p.m. If the total fluctuation of speed is
not to exceed +-1.5% of the mean, Calculate the necessary mass
of the flywheel of radius 0.5m
9. The arms of a Porter governor are each 250 mm long and pivoted 7M BTL5 CO3
on the governor axis. The mass of each ball is 5 kg and the mass
of the central sleeve is 30kg. The radius of rotation of the balls is
150 mm when the sleeve begins to rise and reaches a value of 200
mm for maximum speed. Estimate the speed range of the
governor. If the friction at the sleeve is equivalent of 20 N of load
at the sleeve, determine how the speed range is modified.

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE/Affiliated to Osmania University/Estd.2002.
B.E –V- SEMESTER – CONTINUOUS INTERNAL EVALUATION- 2, Jan, 2023
Name of the Subject: Refrigeration & Air Conditioning
(Branch- Mechanical)
Time: 1:30hour Date: Max.Marks:20
 BTL1 –Remember BTL2 -Understand BTL3 –Apply
BTL4-Analyze BTL5 –Evaluate BTL6 –Create
Note:
 Part-A is compulsory which consists of 6 sub questions (1-6) each carries one (1) mark.
 Answer any Two questions out of three questions given (7-9) in Part-B. Each question carries 7 Marks.
 Missing data, if any, may suitably be assumed
PART-A
Bloom
Taxonomy CO
Question Marks
Q.No. Mapping
Level
1. Why is balancing of rotating parts necessary for high speed
1M BTL1 CO4
engines?
2. Define the terms shaking force and shaking couple. 1M BTL1 CO4
3. List out the causes and effects of vibrations? 1M BTL1 CO5
4. Interpret the term whirling speed of shaft? 1M BTL2 CO5
5. Explain the terms critical damping and over damping. 1M BTL2 CO6
6. Illustrate the effect of inertia of a shaft on the free torsional 1M BTL2
CO6
vibrations.
PART-B
Bloom
CO
Question Marks Taxonomy
Q.No. Mapping
Level
7. A shaft carries four masses A,B,C and D of magnitude 7M BTL5 CO4
200kg, 300kg, 400kg, and 200kg respectively and
revolving at radii 80mm, 70mm, 60mm, and 80mm in
planes measured from A at 300mm, 400mm and 700mm.
The angles between the cranks measured anticlockwise are
A to B 450, B to C 700, and C to D1200. The balancing
masses are to be placed in planes X and Y. The distance
between the planes A and X is 100mm, between X and Y
is 400mm and between Y and D is 200mm. If the
balancing masses revolve at a radius of 100mm, Determine
their magnitudes and angular positions.
8 The measurements on a mechanical vibrating system show 7M BTL5 CO5
that it has a mass of 8kg and that the spring can be
combined to give and equivalent spring of stiffness 5.4 N./
mm. If the vibrating system has a dashpot attached which
exerts a force of 40N when the mass has a velocity of
1m/sec. Determine the critical damping coefficient,
damping factor and logarithmic decrement.
9. Explain the Dunkerley’s and Rayleigh’s method to find the 7M BTL5 CO6
natural frequency of multi rotor system
 LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

B.E. V SEMESTER
Name of the Subject: Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

List of Advanced learners

S.No HALL TICKET NO NAME OF THE STUDENT CGPA

1 160920736002 TOUSEEF KHAN 7.26
2 160920736003 MOHAMMED AQHEEL SHAIKH 6.96
3 160920736009 MOHAMMED ABYAAN AHMED 7.73
4 160920736010 MOHAMMED MUDASSIR ALI KHAN 7.38
5 160920736011 SYED NAJMUDDIN ALVI 7.33
6 160920736015 FURQAN KHAN 7.05
7 160920736016 MD ABDUL RAHMAN 7.29
8 160920736020 MOHD GAYAS AHMED 7.62
9 160920736021 MOHD SIRAJ 7.51
10 160920736024 SYED MUDABBIR MOINUDDIN 7.34
11 160920736026 ABDUL WASAY 7.73
12 160920736030 MAJAAZ AHMED KHAN 7.23
13 160920736033 MOHAMMED ABRAR 7.54
14 160920736038 SYED SHAH AFROZ HUSSAIN 7.81
15 160920736041 MOHD WAHAJ UDDIN 7.64
16 160920736042 P.YUGENDHAR RAO 7.80
17 160920736048 SYED FAZAL 7.74
18 160920736049 SYED GHOUSE 7.29
MOHAMMED ABDUL KHDER
19 160920736055 7.65
MANSOOR
20 160920736059 MOHAMMED NAVAAZ UDDIN 7.80
21 160920736060 MOHAMMED NAVEED 7.56
22 160920736065 AQIB AHMED IQBAL 7.58
23 160920736070 MD ABDUL HAMEED SHAREEF 7.73
24 160920736076 MD OMER ABDUL QUADER 7.51
25 160920736082 MEER WAJAHATH ALI 7.63
26 160920736093 M KHAJA SHAREEF UDDIDN 7.79
27 160920736301 IBRAHIM HANEEF 7.89
28 160920736301 IBRAHIM HANEEF 7.89
29 160920736302 ABDUL KHADER 8.07
30 160920736303 MOHAMMED ABDUL MUBEEN 7.70
31 160920736304 MD EITHESHAM 8.16
32 160920736305 HAIDER ALI 7.89
33 160920736307 MOHAMMED ISMAIL UDDIN 8.32
34 160920736308 MOHAMMED MUSHRAF BAIG 7.73
73 160920736309 FARDEEN KHAN 8.07
36 160920736310 MOHD ISMAIL 7.68
37 160920736313 MOHAMMED JAFFAR SADIQ 8.20
38 160920736314 AYAZ AHMED KHAN 8.18
39 160920736315 SHAIK SABEEL 7.59
40 160920736316 SYED MISBAHUDDIN AHMED 7.55
 41 160920736317 MIR MUJTABA ALI 8.09
42 160920736318 ABDUL MOEN 8.64
43 160920736319 SHAIK YOUNUS 7.75
73 160920736321 ZAFFAR ULLA KHAN 8.32
45 160920736322 ABDULLAH KHAN 7.59
46 160920736323 ABDUL RAHMAN 8.73
47 160920736325 MD SALMAN 8.34
48 160920736326 MOHAMMED AFEEF AHMED 7.89
49 160920736327 SHAIK ALTHAF 7.91
50 160920736329 ABDUL MANNAN TALHA 7.93
51 160920736330 KONA ARUN 7.36
MOHAMMED ABDUL SATTAR
52 160920736333 7.98
UMAIR
73 160920736334 MOHAMMED MAHBOOB 8.77
54 160920736322 ABDULLAH KHAN 7.59
55 160920736323 ABDUL RAHMAN 8.73
56 160920736325 MD SALMAN 8.34
57 160920736326 MOHAMMED AFEEF AHMED 7.89
58 160920736327 SHAIK ALTHAF 7.91
59 160920736329 ABDUL MANNAN TALHA 7.93
60 160920736330 KONA ARUN 7.36
MOHAMMED ABDUL SATTAR
61 160920736333 7.98
UMAIR

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE | Affiliated to Osmania University | Estd.2003.
Department of Mechanical Engineering

B.E. V SEMESTER
Name of the Subject: Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

List of Slow learners

S.N NO OF
ROLL NUMBER NAME OF THE STUDENTS CGPA
o BACKLOGS
1 160920736004 MOHAMMED SAHIL QURESHI 5.84 3
2 MOHAMMED NAWAZ MOHIUDDIN
160920736013 6.47 3
ZAID
3 160920736025 SYED SHUJAUDDIN 5.69 3
4 160920736037 SYED MASTOOR QUADRI 6.21 3
5 160920736056 MOHD ABDUL UMMAIR 6.19 3
6 160920736067 HADEED ABDUR RAB 6.42 3
7 160920736089 ANAS AHMED KHAN 6.73 3
8 160920736312 SYED AHMED HUSSAIN 6.31 3
9 160920736328 MOHAMMED WAJAHATH ALI 6.94 3