Isogeometric Analysis

in LS-DYNA
Liping Li, Attila P. Nagy, Dave J. Benson | Livermore Software Technology
Corporation
Stefan Hartmann | DYNAmore GmbH
 Outline
 Isogeometric Analysis – motivation
 The importance of geometry
 Analysis enhancements
 Selected applications
 Future developments and challenges

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 Isogeometric Analysis – motivation
 Reduce effort of geometry conversion from CAD into a suitable
mesh for FEA
 Isogeometric
same description of the geometry in the design (CAD) and the analysis

CAD
CAD
Geometry Design
Geometry Design

FE NURBS
Mesh

Analysis Optimization
Analysis Optimization

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 Outline
 Isogeometric Analysis – motivation
 The importance of geometry
 Analysis enhancements
 Selected applications
 Future developments and challanges

4
 NURBS Shell
Shell formulations
Reissner-Mindlin - with and without rotational DOF
Kirchhoff-Love
Blended - selective addition of rotational DOFs
Consistent or lumped mass matrix
Integration schemes
Standard or uniformly reduced Gaussian quadrature
Patch-wise reduced Gaussian quadrature (quadratic NURBS only)
Designed quadrature rules (trimmed elements only)
Uniformly sized interpolation elements
Improved keyword format for trimmed shells
Trimming loops are represented by NURBS curves
Topology preserving - backward compatibility with CAD
Trimming is a generic capability - user defined Splines

*DEFINE_NURBS_CURVE
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*ELEMENT_SHELL_NURBS_PATCH_TRIMMED_TITLE
 Trimmed
NURBS
NURBS
ShellShell
*ELEMENT_SHELL_NURBS_PATCH_TRIMMED
Shell CAD
$# npeid formulations
pid npr pr nps ps
1 1 665 3 319 3
$#Reissner-Mindlin
wfl form int -nisr
withnissandimass
without rotational DOF
0 0 0 -2. -2. 0
$#
Kirchhoff-Love
r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7 r8
…Blended - selective addition of rotational DOFs
trimming loop 1
$#Consistent
c1 c2 orc3lumped c4 mass c5 c6
matrix c7 c8
1 2 3 4
...
Integration schemes 0
*DEFINE_NURBS_CURVE
$# id n p peri type wfl
Standard
1 78 or uniformly
3 0 1reduced1 Gaussian quadrature
$# t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8
Patch-wise reduced Gaussian quadrature
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.031701 0.039515 0.040491
(quadratic ...
NURBS only)
$# r s - w
Designed quadrature
0.000000 0.000000
rules (trimmed elements only)
0.875000

Uniformly sized interpolation elements

Improved keyword format for trimmed shells -2.
Trimming loops are represented by NURBS curves
Topology preserving - backward compatibility with CAD
Trimming is a generic capability - user defined Splines

*DEFINE_NURBS_CURVE
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*ELEMENT_SHELL_NURBS_PATCH_TRIMMED_TITLE
 NURBS Solid
Standard trivariate tensor product formulation
Lack of mesh generators is a limitation
Standard Gaussian quadrature
Interpolation elements
Contact, boundary conditions, and post-processing

*ELEMENT_SOLID_NURBS_PATCH (no trimming capability) 7

 CAD to ASG
Analysis suitable geometry (ASG) is unlikely to be prepared by the
designer
Lack of support in the de facto industry standard CAD softwares
Plenty of work on the CAGD CAE interface

LSPrepost: import IGES file to create ASG.

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 CAD to ASG

Cross-field optimized or approximated trimmed NURBS

Elysium Co., Ltd. . Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
~600 patches approximated by a single trimmed NURBS patch
LS-DYNA keyword output

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 Bézier Extraction Format - Shell

T-splines, U-splines
Coreform LLC . Ford Motor Co., Inc.

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*INCLUDE_TRANSFORM
 Bézier Extraction Format - Solid

Truncated hierarchical T-splines

Carnegie Mellon University . Honda Motor Co., Ltd.

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*INCLUDE_TRANSFORM
Novel CAD Solutions

Watertight CAD models

B Urik, UT Austin
LS-DYNA modal analysis

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 Outline
 Isogeometric Analysis – motivation
 The importance of geometry
 Analysis enhancements
 Selected applications
 Future developments and challanges

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 Recent Features and Improvements
Boundary conditions
Prescribed motions, e.g. spot welds - penalty formulation
Point, distributed, and pressure loads

Display of section forces

Shells and solids

Improved stable time step estimates

Trimmed and untrimmed elements

Consistency and performance

SMP, MPP, and hybrid
Quadratic NURBS under vertical point load

*CONSTRAINED_NODE_TO_NURBS_PATCH_SET
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*LOAD_NURBS_SHELL_ID
 Constitutive Models
Directional dependent material models
Anisotropic elasticity
Anisotropic plasticity
User defined materials

List of available materials is steadily increasing

*MAT_022 or *MAT_COMPOSITE_DAMAGE
*MAT_033 or *MAT_BARLAT_ANISOTROPIC_PLASTICITY 15
*MAT_USED_DEFINED_MATERIALS etc.
 Outline
 Isogeometric Analysis – motivation
 The importance of geometry
 Analysis enhancements
 Selected applications
 Future developments and challanges

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 Industrial Focus
Aerospace
Jet engines and blades
Foreign object impact

Automotive
Crashworthiness
Metal stamping and other manufacturing processes
Noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH)
Fluid-structure interaction (FSI)

Biomedical
Cardiovascular modeling

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 Crashworthiness
regular mesh
IGA and combined FEA with IGA trimmed NURBS
Ford Motor Co., Inc.

Front rigid barrier sled test

35 mph against 450 kg rigid fixture
Steel crash can

Y Chen et al., LS-DYNA UC, 2016

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 Metal Stamping
NUMISHEET 2005 benchmark in 2017
Average element size: ~4 mm (draw-bead driven)
Patch-wise reduced integration rule (biquadratic
patch)
Al5182-0 - piecewise linear plasticity (*MAT_024)
Uniform initial blank thickness: 1.6 mm
Thickness update during analysis
Blank Rigid upper die
No adaptive refinement
Rigid binder
MPP Rigid lower punch

FEA baseline model

Fully integrated shell with assumed strain
formulation
Average element size ~2 mm
Draw-bead radius: ~4mm

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 Comparison of Results
FEA IGA
3h 41m 2h 12m

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 Frequency Domain: SSD
NURBS Shell Model
Full Guass integration rule
Piecewise linear plasticity (*MAT_024)

FEA baseline model

Fully integrated shell with assumed strain
formulation

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Comparison of Results
IGA:1444 FEA:1444
47s 6s

FEA:5776 FEA:12996
23s 54s

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Comparison of Results
IGA:1444 FEA:1444
47s 6s

FEA:5776 FEA:12996
23s 54s

IGA
FEA

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 Fluid-Structure Interaction
Chevrolet Camaro
with Facundo del Pin

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 Outline
 Isogeometric Analysis – motivation
 The importance of geometry
 Analysis enhancements
 Selected applications
 Future developments and challenges

25
 Future Challenges
Pre-processing
Analysis suitable geometry (ASG) is unlikely to be prepared by the draftsmen/designer
Generating (an editable) ASG is essential and necessary - meshing is analysis dependent
Accommodate ASG in the new STEP standard

Analysis
Rethink and enable existing FEA capabilities for IGA - 9M+ lines of code in LS-DYNA
Coupling of patches/parts (shell to shell and shell to solid)
Adaptive mesh refinement
Further enhance support for geometric input
Increase efficiency - SMP, MPP, and hybrid
Continue coupling with different formulations, e.g. FEA (mostly done), acoustics, EM, ICFD,
meshless, etc.

Post-processing
Enhance field rendering capabilities in LS-PrePost

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Thank you!