International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 7 Issue 5, September-October 2023 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Electric Road System- Business Model

Sabiha M. Sutar1, Madhav B. Kumthekar2
1
PG Student, Civil Engineering Department,
2
Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department
1,2
Government College of Engineering, Karad, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Sabiha M. Sutar

Electric Road System (ERS) is a road that supplies electric power to | Madhav B. Kumthekar "Electric Road
the vehicles travelling on road. Common implementations are System- Business Model" Published in
overhead power lines above the road and road-level power supply International
Journal of Trend in
through conductive rails or inductive coils embedded in the road. In
Scientific Research
this study we elaborated the possible methods of electric supply
and Development
though electric roads to the electric vehicles. We also describe a (ijtsrd), ISSN:
business model require to implement this technique into actual 2456-6470,
practice. Volume-7 | Issue-5, IJTSRD60056
October 2023,
KEYWORDS: Business model, dynamic charging, electric road, pp.849-852, URL:
electric vehicles, energy network, ERS, maintenance, standardization www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd60056.pdf

Copyright © 2023 by author (s) and

International Journal of Trend in
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INTRODUCTION
Electric Road Systems (ERS) are principle electrified
roads that are suitable for dynamic power transfer to
the vehicles on the road. Commonly an electric
engine receives power from an external power source
which has been assimilated into the surface of the
road. The transfer of the electrical power is made
during the vehicles are in motion in a similar fashion
as that for trolley buses, where the main difference is
that ERS-vehicles can connect and dissociate from
the power supply while in moving. Accordingly, the
roads with ERS can be utilized by both vehicles with
conventional fossil fuel as well as ERS-vehicles. To
install ERS-vehicles more adaptable they are
frequently fitted with batteries or lower internal
combustion engines (ICE) so that they also can be
operated on conventional roads.
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY TO EVS
There are basically three physical ways that a vehicle
can be charged while driving on the road, i.e., from
above, the side or from below. Unfortunately,
charging from the side is too dangerous for
pedestrians and bicyclists due to the fact that an arm
apparatus would require to stick out from the side of
the vehicle, this approach is not accounted as an
option. So, the result is that, there are currently three
technologies of ERS that are considered in the
industry, i.e., conductive power transfer through
overhead lines, conductive power transfer from rails
in the road and inductive power transfer through the
road pavement [6].
A. Overhead Conductive Transmission
Technology
The overhead contact line power transfer technology
has existed for many years and is conductive based
technology; actually, it is the same technology that is
used in present trains, trams and trolleybuses. In other
words, electricity in such a system is continuously
transferred from the overhead power lines to the
vehicle through a so called pantograph. A pantograph
is an element that connects the overhead power lines
to the vehicle and it can transfer electricity between
the overhead line and the vehicle. Across the roads
there are electricity pylons that support the electricity
cable. The systems applying overhead transmitting
lines today are generally closed systems. They
generally involve vehicles that journey along a preset

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path while continuously been attached to the
overhead lines and in more cases also are connected
to a rail in the ground.

Fig.2. conductive power transfer from road

C. Conductive Power Transfer from Road
Before Inductive ERS use induction principles to
transmit electricity wirelessly to vehicles in motion,
which means that no mechanical contact is demanded.
In other words, the inductive power transfer
Fig.1. Overhead Conductive Transmission technology utilizes the AC transformer principle.
Technology Figure can be used to describe this principle.
conventional AC transformers, which generally used
B. Conductive Power Transfer from Road
in power distribution systems, have laminated iron
The conductive power transfer from the road is a
core that conduct the magnetic flux from a first
recent technology compared to that of overhead power
winding through a secondary winding with miniscule
transfer cable. The French company Alstom opened
effectiveness loss due to loss and leaking. This is
the first tramway system in Bordeaux (2003) with
showed in figure A. still, to allow the inductive power
their conductive road transfer technology named
transfer technology, the core is resolve into two
Aesthetic Power Supply (APS). Not only did the APS
different parts as shown in figure B. Accordingly, the
technology prove that conductive road transfer is
inductive power transfer by road technology works by
feasible, but also displayed that the technology was
having the secondary winding of the transformer laid
secure to utilize and more aesthetically pleasing
in the vehicle while the primary winding is stretched
corresponding to some then compared to conventional
and installed into the road. This allows magnetic flux
overhead contact lines. Since then, several cities
to be transmit between the road and the vehicle,
around the world have integrated the APS system. In
therefore allowing nonstop power transfer as shown
2015 Alstom executed SRS, which is an innovatory
in figure C. To allow the transmission, likewise this
ground-based static charging system for electrical
solution requires a class of pick-up arm, which
motorcars based on the APS technology. Alstom has
corresponds to another side of the transformer as
likewise been working in collaboration with Volvo on shown in figure C.
an ERS that allows nonstop conductive power
transfer from road for trucks. The Swedish
organization Elways has also evolved its own
technology of conductive power transfer from road
known as Elways. Unlike the ERS developed by
Alstom and Volvo which is designed only for trucks,
Elways has rather developed a system that can be
used by all types of vehicles.
In short, Elways technology enables electricity
transfer from the power grid to rails in the road. This
means that there is a lack of a current collector or Fig.3. The principle behind the inductive power
pickup arm to connect the rails in the road to the transfer from road technology.
vehicles. To raise the overall safety for humans and BUSINESS MODELS
animals, the power supply rails is segmented. Electric road system would require interfaces between
several players like the electricity supplier, the power
grid company, the vehicle manufacturer, the road
owner, the electric road technology operator, the
metering and payment provider, and the user of the
electric road.

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A. Stakeholders
The automotive firms have to develop technical
capability and a business model for vehicles that can
be incorporated into the ERS, no matter which power
transfer technology that becomes the standard.
Petroleum firms will continue to be significant but
will require handling the fact that they will most
likely become secondary fuel suppliers. Therefore, a
requirement for reinvention and enforcing
complementing new businesses, alike as fast
charging and battery switching stations will most
probably be needed.
The Construction firm’s role will be to integrate the
electric transfer technologies in the roads as well as
the electric grid in a secure and durable manner. A Fig.4. The major stakeholders in the ERS
new demand for public-private partnerships could be
B. ERS actor constellations
a possibility.
The introduction of electric roads influences a number
Government and agencies will probably have to of public and private actors. The association of actors
play an important part in facilitating the investments in different ownership configurations and financing
in ERS. The main motivation for them will be to models (public-private partnerships [PPP]) has a
decrease the environmental impact, oil imports and major impact on the design of desirable value
raise the energy efficiency. New national and propositions and profit models. Road operators,
international policies will most likely be needed as transport operators, and energy firms must work
loss in oil taxes and currency savings from oils together for ERS increment.
imports will be removed. Also, export of ERS
New roles and business models can also be developed
technologies could become a new demand of income.
when executed roles are disturbed by additional
Users could potentially decrease their fuel charge investment see Figure, The role of the ‘Electric Road
due to raising energy efficiency and the comparably System Operator’ (ERSO), the actor responsible for
low electricity charge (however, the electricity the operation of the road, is an example of a central
charge are expected to rise). Moreover, the user actor who doesn’t yet exist and whose possible
could use a system that is more environmental identity is not yet established. We have specified
friendly feasible components of the ERSO role and bettered
Road power technology firms could be firms understanding around what is needed for such a role.
delivering the different power transfer technologies.
The main role in the ERS business model for these
firms is yet to be identified.
Lastly, the Power companies producing electricity
will become the primary energy supplier and must
hence also develop and dimension the power grid to
be suitable to handle the rise in the electricity
consumption needed. Likewise, designing and
delivering power stations connecting the electrified
roads is a new potential business demand in
combination with raising the sales of electricity for
the power utility companies.

Fig.5. The Business ecosystem with various

actors and new roles

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C. Access control and payment
Access control is a critical part of the dealing between
the ERS and the vehicles traveling on it. It will be
important to check that every vehicle on an ERS is
licensed to use it, and vehicle has the right technical
capabilities to do so safely. A possible way forward is
to integrate or base upcoming ERS access system
solutions with existing fleet management and
information systems.
Electric road users will have to pay both for
electricity and use of charging infrastructure and
payment may be divided into both fixed and variable
charges. Payment systems will therefore be necessary
and should be flexible and adaptable.
There are existing specialized solutions that could be
applied to ERS. However, further explanation is
needed around how a payment system should be
divided into factors installed in vehicles and those
executed on the road.
CONCLUSION
 There are many reasons to invest in electric roads.
Among them is the capability of reducing our
dependency on fossil fuels and decreasing noise
levels in cities.
 When ready for the execution of electric roads, it
is also required to research the effects of
electromagnetic fields. The feasibility of using
different protecting technologies should also be
considered, to protect people and electrical
appliances in the vicinity of electric roads.
 Introducing electric roads nationally and globally
will involve major investment, so it is significant
to examine the profitable effects and advantages to
society.
 We have set up that the large-scale preface of
electric roads would direct to important earning in
terms of the costs of energy employed in the
transport sector.
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 The electricity industry emphasized the
significance of understanding how electric roads
will be connected to the electricity grid, so that
they can make applicable investments in the
already existed grid.
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