CHEMISTRY

Chapter 10: The Mole

Lesson 1: Measuring Matter

Ms. Ghina Saleh

The Mole
Counting Particles

Pairs of gloves dozen of donuts ream of papers gross of

pencils
Each of the units shown above —a pair, a dozen, a gross, and a ream— represents a specific
number of items. These units make counting objects easier.
The number that the unit represents is always constant.
Chemists also need a convenient method for counting accurately the number of atoms,
molecules, or formula units in a sample of a substance. As you know, atoms and molecules are
extremely small.
Chemists created their own counting unit called the mole.
What is a mole?
The mole, commonly abbreviated mol, is the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a
substance.
Through years of experimentation, it has been established that a mole of anything contains
6.0221367 × 1023 representative particles. A representative particle is any kind of particle such as
atoms, molecules, formula units, electrons, or ions. The number 6.0221367 × 1023 is called
Avogadro’s number.

Converting Moles to Particles and Particles to Moles

You know that one mole contains 6.02 × 1023 representative particles. Avogadro’s number is
represented by NA
Let n be number of moles
And N be number of representative particles.

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠

Number of moles = 𝐴𝑣𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑜′𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟

𝑁
n = 𝑁𝐴
Examples:
Find the number of Particles in 3.50 moles of sucrose.

Calculate the number of moles that contain 4.50 1024 atoms of zinc (Zn).