MDCAT TOPIC# 14

PREPOSITION

BY:
FARAZ AHMED
PGC BAHAWALPUR
 What is Preposition?

A word that is used before a Noun and shows its

relation with another word of the sentence.

Examples:

• I found the pen on the table.

• The car is in the garage.
 RULE OF PREPOSITION
Noun
Pronoun
Preposition NOUN Gerund
Phrase
Clause
Examples:

1. The cat ran under the car.

2. My friend sits beside me in class.
3. He told the joke without laughing.
4. We drove the car to the lush green fields.
5. The book is about where the dinosaurs laid their eggs.
 RULE OF PREPOSITION

Verb 1st (infinitive)

To
Noun (preposition)

Examples:

• He locked the door to keep everyone out.

• My brother gave 500 rupees to me to go to the store .
 TYPEs of Preposition

Spatial
Location Direction Time Verb
Relation

Around
In In In At Along
On into On For Within
Against
At On At With Out of
Onto Within Of Across
Through
To By About Above
Toward For & Over
Under
Since Many Beneath
During more. Behind
Beside
Between
Among
Off
In front of
Near by
 LOCATION

Enclosed
Surface Point
Area
ON IN AT
Use ON when one IN tells us that NOUN AT tells us that the
thing is attached to is in an enclosed following Noun is
or touching sth. space(surround or located at a specific
• On the table closed off on all sides). point or location. It
• On the floor Basically, when sth. is shows an exact position.
inside sth. • She is waiting at the
• In a box entrance.
• In a room
• In a country
 LOCATION

Enclosed
Surface Point
Area
ON IN AT
ON IN AT
(SURFACE) (ENCLOSEDSPACE) (POINT)
On the wall In the garden At the corner
On the ceiling In London At the bus stop
On the floor In France At the door
On the carpet In a box At the top of the page

On the menu In my pocket At the end of the road

________ In my wallet At the entrance

________ In a building At the crossroads
________ In a car At the front desk
 DIRECTION

Movement
Movement to a Movement to a
toward an
surface destination
enclosed area
ON/ONTO IN/INTO TO/TOWARD
• The cat jumped • She put the cake • He was walking
onto the sofa. into the oven. toward his office.
• The cat lay on the • The cake was in the • They will drive to
sofa all afternoon. oven. Lahore during the
weekend.
 TIME

Point Extended

In During
On By
At From—
till
Within
For
Since
 TIME

Point IN
Parts of the day____ in the morning
Months___________ in December
Seasons/years______in summer/ in 2018
Decades___________ in the 2nd decade
In Centuries__________ in the 20th century
On
At Days of the week____ on Monday
ON Dates___________ on the 3rd of June
Particular Days______on my birthday

night__________ at night
Clock__________ at 5 O’ clock
AT at 5.30 p.m.
Holidays______ at Christmas
at the weekend
 TIME
Since From a particular time in the past
until a later time, or until now. Extended
For Used to show an amount of time.
From___to/till Used to show the time when
something starts.
By Not later than; at or before. During
By
• It was the band’s first live performance since March 2015.
• I’ ll have done it by tomorrow. From—till
• You’ll receive a reply within 7 days. Within
• He was taken to the hospital during the night. For
• We’re open from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. every day. Since
SUMMARY
 PREPOSITION OF VERB
To introduce the object of verb
A preposition verb(phrasal verb) is a combination of a verb and
a preposition. It is simply a verb followed by a preposition.
Some verbs require specific prepositions to be used after
them in a sentence. The combination of such a verb and
its required preposition is called a prepositional verb.

Examples: Prepositional Verb= Verb+ Preposition

• She is waiting for him.
• He is knocking at the door.
• She is looking at the white-board.
• The kids are laughing at a joker.
• I agree with you.
 SPATIAL
RELATION
Relative Relative
Limits
movements Position

Around Above
Across
Along Over
Through
Within Under
Out of
Against Beneath
Off
Near by
In front of
Between
Among
 SPATIAL
RELATION

Limits

Around
Along
Within
 SPATIAL
RELATION
Relative
movements

Across
Through
Out of
Against
 SPATIAL
RELATION
Relative
Position

Above
Over
Under
Beneath
Off
Near by
In front of
Between
Among
 SPATIAL
RELATION
Relative
Position

Above
Over
Under
Beneath
Off
Near by
In front of
Between
Among
 SPATIAL
RELATION
Relative
Position ABOVE (VS) OVER

Above
Over
Under
Beneath
Off
Near by
In front of
Between
Among
 On the way (vs) in the way
On the way (Positive Connotation)
1. On the route of a journey
2. Going smoothly with no hindrance
Examples:
• I was on my way to Tom’s house when I
saw him in the street.
• We can leave early and have breakfast
on the way.
In the way (Negative Connotation)
1. In a position to obstruct, hinder, or
interfere.
2. Going awkwardly due to any
hindrance.
A huge stone was in the way not letting me
pass through the corridor.
He can’t do his dance because the table is in
the way.
I left because I felt that I was just in their way.
 In spite of (vs) Despite
Examples:
• In spite of the injury, the player played well.
• Jess’ father climbed the hill despite the poor health.

In spite of the fact that (vs) Despite the fact that

Examples:
• In spite of the fact that he was poor, he proved
honest.
• He crossed the river successfully despite the fact
that he was a poor swimmer.
 In the beginning (vs) At the beginning

In the beginning (At first)

Examples:
• In the beginning he played well, but his friend couldn’t maintain
the same rhythm later on.
• In the beginning, the hero is trapped but escaped and makes his
way to New York.
At the beginning
(Time and place where something begins)
Examples:
• We are going to launch our new book at the beginning of the next
week.
• He felt sleepy at the beginning of the lecture.
 Made of (vs) Made from
When the original material is still recognizable, we use made of

Examples:
• The ring was made of solid gold.
• This chair if made of wood.

When the original material is no longer recognizable, we use made from.

Examples:

• Paper is made from wood.

• This shoe is made from goat skin.
 Some words (attack, fight, love, control, desire, interest, etc.)
are nouns as well as verbs; they take prepositions when used
as nouns and no preposition when used as verbs.

Examples:

 The boy attacked his friend with a dagger. (verb)

 His attack on me was unexpected. (noun)
 He has lost all interest in politics. (noun)
 Movies do not interest me. (verb)
 We love our country. (verb)
 His love for Pakistan is beyond any doubt. (noun)
 SOME IMPORTANT PREPOSITIONS

accountable to sb. Accountable for sth. Call at: to visit a place Call on: to visit a
person
applied to sb. applied for sth. Compare with: Compared to:
comparison between comparison between
same type of things different things
Arrive at: to reach a Arrive in: to enter a Contrast with: as a Verb Contrast to: as a Noun
place country
answer/answerable to answer/answerable for Cure of: used as Verb Cure for: used as Noun
sb. sth.
approach (verb)= no approach (noun)= to Copy from: to note Copy of: replica of
preposition down from a book, etc. something
annoyed with sb. annoyed at sth. Dwell in/at: reside in a Dwell on/upon: to think
house, city, etc. about
Blame for: something Blame on: somebody Design of: a building Design for: a statue
Blind in: physical Blind to: deprive of Dispute with: Dispute over/about:
blindness understanding somebody something
 SOME IMPORTANT PREPOSITIONS

Beg for: appeal for sth. Beg of: appeal to sb. Enter: come into a place Enter into: get involved
in an agreement,
alliance, etc.
Born of/to = Parents Born in = Family/year Enter for/in: competition Enter upon: to start
doing sth. or being
involved in it.
Blush at: embarrass at Blush for: embarrass for Enrage at: angry at a Enrage with: angry with
praise a fault thing a person
Fascinated by: Fascinated with: Grateful to: thankful to a Grateful for: thankful for
enchanted by a thing enchanted with a person person something
Grieve at: mourn at an Grieve for: mourn for a Indebted to (thankful, Indebted for (thankful,
event person obliged to someone obliged for something
Inquired of (to ask Inquire into Inquire about (to ask for Inquire after (to ask
someone for information (investigation information about someone’s health)
Irritated at (angry at Irritated against/with Liable for (responsible) Liable to (culpable,
something) (angry with a person) guilty)
Thank
You