Finite

G e o m e t r i c
S e q u e n c e
a n d S e r i e s

C h a p t e r 1
Lesson 2
 W h a t is
G e o m e t r i c
S e q u e n c e ?
Geometric
Sequence
➢ Geometric Progression
➢ Is a sequence of numbers where in the next term
of the sequence can be identified by multiplying
the common ratio by the previous terms.
➢ The terms of the sequence are
𝑎ₙ₋₁,𝑎ₙ, 𝑎₁,𝑎₂,𝑎₃,….

W h e r e 𝑎₁ is t h e first term and

𝑎ₙ is t h e 𝑛𝑡ℎ o r last term.
The common ratio, 𝑟, of a geometric sequence is
the ratio of a term to its preceding term. Thus,

T o determine the c o m m o n ratio a n d

the next term of geometric
sequences.
 Example 1. Determine the next term of the
sequence ( 5, 10, 20, 40, ___)
➢ T o determine the c o m m o n ratio divide
any two consecutive terms.
𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎𝑛
𝑟 = = = ⋯ =
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎 𝑛−1
𝑎2 10
Thus, 𝑟 = = = 2
𝑎1 5
➢ To d e t e r m i n e t h e n e x t t e r m s m u l t i p l y
the last term by the common ratio.
➢ T o determine the c o m m o n ratio divide
any two consecutive terms.
𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎𝑛
𝑟 = = = ⋯ =
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎 𝑛−1
𝑎2 10
Thus, 𝑟 = = = 2
𝑎1 5
➢ To d e t e r m i n e t h e n e x t t e r m s m u l t i p l y
the last term by the common ratio.
T h u s , 𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑎 𝑛−1 𝑟 = 𝑎 5−1 𝑟 = 4 0 2 = 8 0
 A finite g e o m e t r i c s e q u e n c e i s a list o f
n u m b e r s (terms) with the ending; e a c h
t e r m is multiplied b y t h e s a m e a m o u n t
(called a c o m m o n ratio) to get the next
t e r m in t h e s e q u e n c e . f o r e x a m p l e ; t h e
sequence.

T h e n e x t t e r m i s d e t e r m i n e d b y m u l t i p l y i n g t h e l a s t t e r m b y t h e c o m m o n r a t i o ; "aₙ" = "aₙ₋₁"r.

W e d e t e r m i n e t h e 5 t h t e r m as:
a ₅ = "a₄"r = ( 4 0 ) ( 2 ) = 8 0
 EXAMPLE 1. Determine the common ratio of the
following sequence, then identify the next term.
A. 5, 10, 20, 40, ___

B. 80, 40, 20, 10, ___

C. 2, -6, 18, ___

TAKE NOTE! TAKE NOTE!

If the terms of the If the terms of the
geometric sequence geometric sequence
alternate from
T h e n e x t t e r m i s d e t e r m i n e d are
b y mdecreasing,
u l t i p l y i n g t h e l athen
st t e r m b y t h e c o m m o n r a t i o ; " a ₙ " = " a ₙ ₋ ₁ " r.
positive to negative,
then
W e d e t ethe
r m i n ecommon
t h e 5 t h t e r m as:
the common ratio is
ratio is negative. between
a ₅ = " a ₄0
" r and
= ( 4 0 )1.
( 2 ) = 8 0
FINDING THE nth TERM OF THE GEOMETRIC
SEQUENCE.

𝑛−1
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟
Where, 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝑎1 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
EXAMPLE 2.
A. Determine the 11th term of the sequence 3, 6,
12, 24, …
B. Determine the 8th term of the sequence 5, -10,
20, -40, …
TAKE NOTE!
C. Determine the 12th term of the sequence 512, A negative number
with an odd exponent
256, 128, 64, … remains negative. If the
exponent is even, it
becomes positive.
TAKE NOTE!
𝑥 𝑛 𝑥𝑛 1 11 111
= Thus, =
𝑦 𝑦𝑛 2 211
EXAMPLE 3.
The value of a peso appreciates by 1% every year. If the bill was
worth P 50.00 in 1970, what was its value in 1980?
𝑎1 = 50 (1𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚, 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 1970
𝑛 = 11 (11𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 1980
𝑎2 = 50 + 50 ∗ 0.01 = 50.5

50.5
𝑟= = 1.01
50
11−1
𝑎11 = 50 1.01 = 55.23
Answer: The value of the bill in 1980 was P 55.23
SEATWORK:
Determine the common ratio of the following
sequence, then identify the next term.

A. 2, 8, 32, 128, ___

B. -1, 3, -9, 27, ___
C. 64, 32, 16, 8, __
A N S W E R PA G E 2 4
Answer in your notebook

DO BASIC!
A.BOYS EVEN NUMBERS(2, 4, 6, 8, 10)
B.GIRLS ODD NUMBERS (1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
 W h a t i s
G e o m e t r i c
M e a n s ?
GEOMETRIC MEANS is the number between
two positive terms of a geometric sequence is
equal to the square root of their product.

Geometric mean is also a term that can be

inserted between two terms to form a
geometric sequence.

This means that in the geometric sequence

𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑎2 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑔𝑒𝑜𝑚𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎1 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎3
APPLY!
A. What things (that you are aware of) could
multiply exponentially?
B. If you are to describe your learnings in
Math at the moment using one of the two
sequences, arithmetic and geometric,
which is it and why?
C. How will you recognize a geometric
sequence?
D. What is the formula in getting the nth term
of a geometric sequence?
Example 2.8
Determine the positive Type equation
here.geometric mean between 2 and 18.
SOLUTION 1:
Let 𝑎 be the geometric mean.
𝑎 = (2)(18) = 36 = 6
SOLUTION 2:
𝑎1 = 2, 𝑎3 = 18, 𝑛 = 3 𝑇𝐴𝐾𝐸 𝑁𝑂𝑇𝐸!
𝑛−1 When there is an even number of
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟
3−1 missing terms between two terms,
18 = 2𝑟 we cannot use the square root to
2
9=𝑟 solve for the missing terms.
The answer: the geometric mean is 6
Example 2.9
Given that the first term and the fourth
terms of a geometric sequence are 7 and
56, what are the two terms in between
them? The answer: The missing terms are 14
and 28.

Example 2.10
Insert a positive geometric mean between – 10 and -90

Answer: The geometric mean is 30.

Example 2.11
Insert 3 geometric means between 2 and 1250.
The answer: The geometric means are 10, 50, and
250
QUICK CHECK 2.3
A. Insert a geometric mean between 7 and 28.
B. Insert a positive geometric mean between – 4 and – 16.
C. Insert two geometric means between 1 and 1000.
Answer:
A. 14
B. 8
C. 10, 100
You have posted an article on your account and
found that 5 people shared your post. After an
hour each post was shared by 5 people again;
this kept on repeating. How many accounts
shared the post after 4 hours?
Here is a table to illustrate the problem:
𝑇𝐼𝑀𝐸 𝑁𝑈𝑀𝐵𝐸𝑅 𝑂𝐹 𝑆𝐻𝐴𝑅𝐸𝑆
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡 1
𝐴𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 1𝑥5 = 5
𝐴𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 2 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 5 𝑥 5 = 25
𝐴𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 3 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 25 𝑥 5 = 125
𝐴𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 4 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 125 𝑥 5 = 625
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 1 + 5 + 25 + 125 + 625 = 781
Therefore, 781 people shared the article after 4
hours.

The number of recipient forms the geometric

sequence 1, 5, 25, 125, and 625, with the common
ratio of 5
The sum of the numbers in the sequence
corresponds to the total number of recipients.
Thus, the problem can be solved using the concepts
of geometric series.
 W h a t i s
G e o m e t r i c
S e r i e s ?
 G e o m e t r i c S e r i e s
A geometric series is the sum of the terms
of a geometric sequence.
The general formula for a geometric series
can be written as;
𝑛
𝑎1 (1 − 𝑟 )
𝑆𝑛 = ;𝑟 ≠ 1
1−𝑟

Take Note!
“ There is 𝑎 + 1 in the number of
terms since the initial post counts
as the 1st term in the sequence. “
 Use the formula to find the partial sum of the geometric sequence;

Solution:
5
𝑎1 = 1 , 𝑎2 = 5, 𝑟 = = 5
1

Example 2. 12
Determine the sum of the first six terms of the sequence 2, 6,
18, 54,…

Example 2.13
Determine the sum of the first 10 terms of the sequence ,
3, -6, 12, - 24, …

Example 2.14
Determine the sum of the first 7 terms of the sequence ,
8000, 4000, 2000, 1000, …
 Use the formula to find the partial sum of the geometric sequence;
Example 2.15
The third term of a geometric sequence is 200 and the common ratio is
0.5. What is the sum of the first 6 terms of the sequence?

Example 2. 16
An investment increases by half its amount every year. If an
initial investment in 2011 was estimated to be P 10 000
000.00, how much would be the accumulated amount in
2019?
QUICK CHECK 2.4

Determine the sum of the first 10 terms of the sequence of

the following geometric sequences.
a. 7, 14, 28, … 𝐴𝑁𝑆𝑊𝐸𝑅:
a. 7, 14, 28, 56, 112, 224, 448, 896, 1792, 3584
b. 4, - 8 , 16, … b. 4, − 8 , 16, −32, 64, −128, 256, −512, 1024, −2048
c. 1000, 100, 10, … c. 1000, 100, 10, 1, 1/10, 1/100, 1/1000, 1/1000, 1/
10 000, 1/ 100 000, 1/ 1 000 000