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The Impact of Drinking Alcohol to the Academic Performance of Grade 12 students at AMA

Computer Learning College – Naga City

S. Y 2021-2022

AMA Computer Learning College (ACLC) – Naga City

May 2022
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CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Whenever there are special gatherings, alcohol is one of the main events. Drinking alcohol

with friends is really refreshing and healing. The nonstop talking and sharing of experiences is

priceless. Despite of the fun it gives, there are harmful effects of in our health. That is why drinking

moderately is important. As for students, having a drinking habit help them to cope with stress,

negative emotions or to make them look mature. Students may also use or abuse alcohol as a

coping mechanism. Students that use alcohol as a coping mechanism tend to indulge more in the

use of alcohol and may also apply defense mechanisms by engaging in denial and rationalization

(Martens, Rocha, & Serrao, 2008).

Although alcohol can help students, it can also have a detrimental impact to the academic

performance of the students. It can stir up their focus in studying, it can also be addictive. This

also can lead to harmful habits that they can adapt in their drinking sessions. Furthermore, alcohol

consumption can lead to poor sleeping patterns. Singleton and Wolfston (2009) examined alcohol

consumption, amount of sleep, and academic performance. The authors show the relationship

between alcohol use and sleep, alcohol use and academic performance, and sleep and academic

performance. The participants from Northeastern were 89% white, 98% ranged between the ages

of 18-22 years, and 82% lived on campus. In short, they hypothesized and concluded that students

who drink more alcohol maintain poor sleep patterns, which negatively affects academic

performance.
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Background of the Study

Alcohol use has been linked to a variety of negative consequences, including decline in

academic performance, accidents and injuries, aggression and violence, and risky sexual behavior

(Devos-Comby & Lange, 2008). Drinking alcohol with friends is part of being a teenager who`s

exploring and experimenting on things. But not all students can handle the impact of alcohol on

them, some of them have ripple affects on their academic performances. Gentile, Librizzi and

Martinetti, (2012) in their study indicated that the negative consequences of these behaviors which

are “legal actions, poor academic performance, injuries, sexual assault, and pregnancies”.

Theoretical Framework

This study is conducted based on the study of Makongho (2018), the study is examines

the correlation between alcohol consumption and academic performance between college students.

In the study, it shows that there was a negative correlation between grade point average (GPA) and

frequency of alcohol consumption, meaning as the nights per week that a participant consumed

alcohol went up, grade point average went down. The findings also revealed that, although there

is a positive correlation, there was not a strong correlation between number of drinks per occasion

and GPA. The research also discussed about the factors influencing alcohol use to the students.

Conceptual Framework

Based on the theoretical framework of the study, the following were considered.
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Independent Variables
Impact of Drinking Alcohol Dependent Variables

• Lack of Focus • Academic

• Poor sleeping Performance
• Violent behavior

Figure 1. Conceptual framework.

The conceptual framework of the study shows that the independent variables are the lack

of focus, poor sleeping pattern, and violent behavior while the dependent variable are the low

scores affecting the academic performance.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of anxiety attack to the academic

performance of Grade 12 students.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the impact of drinking alcohol to the academic performance in relation with:

1.1 Name

1.2 Gender

1.3 Age

2. How does drinking alcohol affect their routine?

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3. What are the habit that affect their academic performance?

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference between the impact of drinking alcohol to the academic

performance of Grade 12 students.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This research aims to determine the impact of drinking alcohol to the academic performance

of grade 12 students. This study finds their experiences, opinions and thoughts about how drinking

alcohol have an impact to the academic performance. The respondents will only be the Grade 12

students from AMACC Naga City.

Significance of the Study

This research is made with the aim to provide crucial information and knowledge regarding

the chosen topic from the respondents, recent studies or theses, and related sites needed for the

expected importance to the individuals as follow:

Students. This research will help students to know about the impact of drinking alcohol to

their academic performance, therefore they will be more discipline to control their drinking habits

while they are enrolled.

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Teachers. They will know how to manage students that have drinking habits while they

are in school.

Parents. This study will show to the parents the impact of drinking alcohol to their child`s

academic performance. This will be helpful to them in guiding their children`s health and academic

performance.

Future Researchers. This can be basis for further related studies of any future researchers.

Definition of Terms

Academic Performance - is the measurement of student achievement across various academic

subjects. Teachers and education officials typically measure achievement using classroom

performance, graduation rates and results from standardized tests.

Alcohol - a colorless volatile flammable liquid that is produced by the natural fermentation of

sugars and is the intoxicating constituent of wine, beer, spirits, and other drinks.

Violent Behavior - is any behavior by an individual that threatens or actually harms or injures the

individual or others or destroys property. Violent behavior often begins with verbal threats but

over time escalates to involve physical harm.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This Chapter conclude the related literature and related studies which are found to have significant

importance to the study conducted.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Understanding the relationship between teenage drinking and high school grades is pertinent given

the high prevalence of alcohol use among this age cohort and recent research on adolescent brain

development suggesting that early heavy alcohol use may have negative effects on the physical

development of brain structure (Brown, Tapert, Granholm, & Delis, 2000; Tapert & Brown, 1999).

By affecting the quality of learning, underage drinking could have an impact on both college

admissions and job quality independent of its effects on years of schooling or school completion.

Among adolescents, alcohol is the most widely used and abused drug in the world today. Awoyinfa

(2012) investigated the incidence of alcohol use and abuse among University of Lagos female

students. The study indicated a significant relationship between female students’ use and abuse of

alcohol and their social relationship, as well as a significant relationship between female students’

use and abuse of alcohol and their morals.

Alcohol use could conceivably affect a student’s quality of learning and academic performance

regardless of its impact on school completion. This possibility is suggested by Renna (2008), who

uses a research design similar to that used by Dee and Evans (2003) and finds that although binge

drinking does not affect high school completion rates, it does significantly increase the probability

that a student graduates with a GED rather than a high school diploma. Drinking could affect

learning through a variety of mechanisms.

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Graham et al., (2006) alleged that the time and stress spent dealing with any legal impacts of

college student drinking is time and energy not spent on academic inquiries. Yet, the negative

impact of dangerous drinking extends beyond those who are consuming the alcohol themselves,

as researchers have found a variety of “second-hand” effects of alcohol use. Second-hand alcohol

effects can be defined as situations or scenarios that impact other people who have not been

drinking, such as loud noise, vandalism, among others.

Chatterji (2006) used a bivariate probit model of alcohol use and educational attainment to gauge

the sensitivity of the estimates to various assumptions about the correlation of unobservable

determinants of these variables. She concluded that there is no evidence of a causal relationship

between alcohol use and educational attainment when the correlation coefficient is fixed at

plausible levels.

The world health organization (2011) estimates that approximately four and a half percent of the

global burden of disease and injury is attributes to alcohol. "Alcohol consumption is estimated to

cause from 20%I to 50% of cirrhosis of the liver, epilepsy, poisonings, road traffic accidents,

violence and several types of canser."

The positive relationship between income and alcohol use has been explained by the availability

of different levels of disposable income to purchase alcohol used across income groups. An

alternate explanation for this finding is that among higher income individual, job and socially

related networking may be more likely to involve social drinking. The negative relationship

between income and alcohol used! in contrast, may be explained by the notion of self-medication!

whereby respondent exposed higher levels of stressors as would expected at lower levels of

income' use alcohol as a ways to relieve stressful life experience or to alleviate strain (Draves et

al., 2009)
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According to Lindsay (2006) dangerous drinking can lead to driving under the influence which is

approximated to happen 2.1 million times annually, or about 25% of all reported cases of drunk

driving. They alleged that female students who drink are at an increased risk of being victims of

date rape, unwanted sex, harassment and physical assault. Further, the more an individual drinks,

especially in a public forum, the more likely he or she is to be victims of violence. All students

who consume alcohol at dangerous levels are at risk of a variety of consequences.

Students substance use and abuse is influenced by a number of factors, among which are parental

lifestyles, peer influence, parental attachment, and commitment to conventional activities among

others. Indeed each of these factors exerts tremendous influence on students frequency of

substance use and abuse. Families in which children have a cordial relationship with their parents,

parental control efforts are effective mean sin preventing children from involving in problem

behaviors. Thus, the attachment relationship goes hand in hand with parenting Parents who

adequately control and supervise their adolescents may prevent them from starting to drink early

in life. When children are also highly attached to their parents the attachment relationship might

strengthen the impact of control on adolescents alcohol use. Because of this, it is assumed that the

expected association between parental control and an early development of drinking will be

moderated by parental attachment ( Vorst et al., 2006 )

Presley et al., (1996) reported that alcohol affects many parts of the brain, but the most vulnerable

cells are those associated with memory, coordination, and judgment. They argued that alcohol has

several physiological and psychological effects, which inhibit students’ performance as cognitive

abilities are affected by even small amounts of alcohol and can persist for a substantial period of

time after the acute effects of alcohol impairment disappear. In addition to cognitive impairments,
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consumption of alcohol and the resulting recovery period (i.e., hang-over) wastes time that might

be better spent studying or having fun.

RELATED STUDIES

Despite a growing literature in this area, no study has convincingly answered the question of

whether alcohol consumption inhibits high school students’ learning. Alcohol consumption could

be an important determinant of how much a high school student learns without having a strong

impact on his or her decision to stay in school or attend college. This question is fundamental and

timely, given recent research showing that underage drinkers are susceptible to the immediate

consequences of alcohol use, including blackouts, hangovers, and alcohol poisoning, and are at

elevated risk of neurodegeneration (particularly in regions of the brain responsible for learning and

memory), impairments in functional brain activity, and neurocognitive defects (Zeigler et al.,

2004).

Walid El Ansari, Christiane Stock and Claire Mills (2012) examined the association between

alcohol consumption and academic achievement among university students. The author employed

five alcohol consumption measures (length of time of and amount consumed during most recent

drinking occasion, frequency of alcohol consumption, heavy episodic drinking, problem drinking);

and an educational achievement indicator i.e. students’ actual module mark in their study. They

concluded that actual module mark was not associated with any alcohol consumption measure.

Idoko Joseph et al., (2015) Most people know that academic performance generally refers to how

well a student is accomplishing his or her tasks and studies, but there are numbers of factors that

determine the level and quality of students' academic performance. This study investigated the

effect of alcohol consumption on the academic performance of undergraduate students. A survey

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research design was used. A pilot study was carried out with 30 students to validate and determine

the psychometric properties of the questionnaires used in this study. Total of 200 respondents, 114

male and 86 females with ages ranging between 13 and 25 years participated in this study. Three

hypotheses were tested using Pearson r, T-test, Anova, and simple regression analysis. The result

revealed that there is a significant relationship between alcohol consumption and academic

performance (R 2 =0.74,P<.O5), there is a significant difference in academic performance of

students that drink alcohol and those that do not (R 2 =12.22,P<.05), there is a significant effect of

alcohol consumption on academic performance(R 2 =4.474,P<.05). The study has

recommendations.

Ana I. Balsa, Laura M. Giuliano and Michael T. French (2011) examined the effects of alcohol use

on academic achievement in high school students’ quality of learning. Their study concluded that

increase in alcohol consumption results in small yet statistically significant reductions in GPA for

male students and statistically insignificant changes for female students.

Recent neurological research suggests that underage drinking can impair learning directly by

causing alterations in the structure and function of the developing brain with consequences

reaching far beyond adolescence (Brown et al., 2000;White & Swartzwelder, 2004). Negative

effects of alcohol use can emerge in areas such as planning and executive functioning, memory,

spatial operations, and attention (Brown et al., 2000; Giancola & Mezzich, 2000; Tapert & Brown,

1999). Alcohol use could also affect performance by reducing the number of hours committed to

studying, completing homework assignments, and attending school

Aertgeerts and Buntinx (2002) examined the relationship of alcohol abuse among first-year students

and their academic performance. Irresponsible drinking patterns among college students in the

United States range between 7% and 17%. This study was conducted using a questionnaire given
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to 3518 first-year students who attended a specific college. They found that 14.2% of the students

were identified as having alcohol abuse or dependence, and nearly one-third of the students passed

their exams on the first attempt. Results suggest that 49.7% of male students and 48.9% of female

students went on to continue their second year of school. It is potentially concerning that only about

half of the freshman class succeeded and moved onto their sophomore year. This may indicate that

alcohol consumption is a major social issue among college students.

Bray (2005) analyzed this issue indirectly by studying the effect of high school students’ drinking

on subsequent wages, as mediated through human capital accumulation. He found that moderate

high school drinking had a positive effect on returns to education and therefore on human capital

accumulation. Heavier drinking reduced this gain slightly, but net effects were still positive. The

other four studies approached the question directly by focusing on the association between

drinking and GPA.

Despite a growing literature in this area, no study has convincingly answered the question of

whether alcohol consumption inhibits high school students’ learning. Alcohol consumption could

be an important determinant of how much a high school student learns without having a strong

impact on his or her decision to stay in school or attend college. This question is fundamental and

timely, given recent research showing that underage drinkers are susceptible to the immediate

consequences of alcohol use, including blackouts, hangovers, and alcohol poisoning, and are at

elevated risk of neurodegeneration (particularly in regions of the brain responsible for learning and

memory), impairments in functional brain activity, and neurocognitive defects (Zeigler et al.,

2004).

Liquor is an alcoholic drink that may get someone addicted to drinking it. Alcohol liquor is a

pungent liquid. The person who is addicted to liquor is called an alcoholic. According to Pittman
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& Reuters (2006), liquor is a drug of choice among youth. Many young people experience the

consequences of drinking too much at an early age. The importance of this research is to give

awareness and to educate students who were addicted to alcoholic drinks. The researchers wanted

to inform the students of drinking alcoholic liquor. The researchers wanted to know if Grade 12

students are engaging in this act. This research was conducted to the senior high school students

of Bestlink College of the Philippines. The researchers wanted to seek information about the

effects of drinking liquor on Senior High School students. Descriptive design and Qualitative

research were used to gather data from the respondents through the survey.
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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presented the research methodology such as research design and research locale,

and research instrument, and data gathering tools to be used to enable the reader to know how the

study will be conducted and how the conclusions more derived.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers used quantitative-descriptive method in the study. Descriptive method

describes a set of observations or data collected; it also has three types and one of its type is the

survey method which was used in this study for the reason that in survey method, participants will

answer questions administered through interviews or questionnaires and after participants answer

the questions, researchers will described the responses given.

The descriptive method was used in this study in order to determine the Impact of Drinking

Alcohol to the Academic Performance of Grade 12 students at AMA Computer Learning College.

RESEARCH LOCALE

The researcher decided to conduct the research at the AMA Computer Learning College,

Naga City. The researchers chose this as the venue for this study because the respondents of this

study were the Senior High School students that are currently studying in this school. The

researcher decided to pick 20 random students to be the respondents of the research.

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RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researchers used a self-made questionnaire for collecting data. The researchers used

questionnaires to collect data because it is a simpler and safer method. Because of the pandemic,

the researchers created survey questionnaires using Google Forms, which were filled out by the

respondents and collected by the researchers online.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The researcher made a questionnaire survey. After reaching the target of 20 Grade 12

Senior High School respondents, Students and researchers began computing and analyzing data.

All the collected data, were tallied, analyzed and interpreted according to the specific problems set

forth.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

To interpret the data effectively, the following statistical tools and techniques were

employed.

Mean. Is the standard deviation of it’s sampling distribution or sometimes on estimate of that

standard deviation.

• = population mean

• = sum of each value in the population

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• = number of values in the population

Standard Deviation. This was used to support the mean and to determine if the data is spread out

or not in the coping mechanisms used by the students in online classes.

• s = sample standard deviation

• ∑ = sum of…

• X = each value

• x̅ = sample mean

• n = number of values in the sample