Neoplasms of the APUD-system include:

cancer of the major salivary gland;

medullary thyroid cancer;

) meningioma;

bronchial cancer.
Highly differentiated thyroid cancer metastasizes mainly:

a)

b)

c)

Answer: a.

lymphogenous way;

by hematogenous way;

intraorganically;

all of the above.

Radioisotope studies in clinical oncology are used:

to determine the prevalence of the malignant process;

to assess the functional state of some internal organs;

All answers are correct.

the correct answers are only a) and b);

Thyroid cancer is characterized by:
 increased accumulation of the radionuclide in the tumor;

reduced accumulation of the radionuclide in the tumor;

violation of the spread of radioactive material through the vessels;

the correct answers are only

45. Radiophosphorus test is used to diagnose:

superficial tumors;

only for tumors with tropism for phosphorus;

tumors of abdominal organs accessible for the introduction of the sensor;

ll answers are correct;

Radioactive iodine is used to diagnose tumors:

stomach;

pancreas;

thyroid gland;

all answers are correct;

Radioactive iodine can be used to detect:

primary tumor of the thyroid gland;

metastases of thyroid cancer in the bone;

thyroid cancer metastases to the lungs, liver;

the correct answers are only a

All answers are correct.

For the diagnosis of metastatic bone lesions in thyroid cancer, the following are most often used:
 radioactive 32-P;

radioactive 99-Sr;

radioactive 90-Co;

radioactive 131-J;
An increase in the level of calcitonin, determined by radioimmunoassay, is typical for:

papillary thyroid cancer;

undifferentiated thyroid cancer;

follicular thyroid cancer;

medullary thyroid cancer;

The incidence of thyroid cancer in Ukraine in recent years:

is decreasing

remains at the same level;

is growing.

All answers are correct.

The most common morphological forms of thyroid cancer include:

papillary adenocarcinoma;

medullary cancer;

follicular adenocarcinoma;

undifferentiated cancer.
Medullary thyroid cancer develops from:

A-cells;

B-cells;

C-cells;
 from any of the above cells.
The frequency of highly differentiated thyroid adenocarcinomas is:

10%;

20%;

50%;

70%.
The term “hidden” thyroid cancer means:

the presence of a small tumor in the thyroid tissue without its clinical
manifestations;

the presence of metastases of thyroid cancer in the lymph nodes of the

neck without clinical signs of a primary tumor;

the presence of metastases of thyroid cancer in the lymph nodes of the

neck;

all answers are correct.

The frequency of regional metastasis of thyroid cancer is:

from 10 to 20%;

from 25 to 35%;

from 40 to 50%;

from 60 to 80%.
Most often thyroid cancer metastases affect:

lymph nodes along the internal jugular vein;

supraclavicular;

paratracheal;

retrosternal;
Medullary thyroid cancer is characterized by:

diarrhea;
 the presence of dense "stony" nodes in the thyroid gland;

Simple's syndrome;

all of the above.

Etiological moments in the development of thyroid cancer should be considered:

ionizing radiation;

the presence of neoplastic processes in the tissue of the thyroid gland;

long-term stimulation of the body with an increased content of thyroid-

stimulating hormone;

all answers are correct.

The minimum volume of surgical intervention for thyroid cancer should be considered:

node enucleation;

hemithyroidectomy;

resection of the lobe;

hemithyroidectomy with resection of the isthmus;

Indications for chemotherapy of thyroid cancer can be:

a rapidly growing recurrent tumor;

inoperable undifferentiated form of cancer;

metastases to distant organs;

all of the above;

Chemotherapy is most effective for:

follicular thyroid cancer;

papillary thyroid cancer;

low-grade thyroid cancer;

efficiency does not depend on the morphological structure of the tumor.

 perform thyroidectomy with fascial-case excision of the neck tissue;

) conduct a combined treatment with preoperative radiation therapy at the

1st stage, followed by thyroidectomy with fascial-case excision of the neck
tissue;

conduct combined treatment with preoperative radiation therapy followed

by radioactive iodine treatment;

conduct an independent course of radiation therapy according to a radical

program.

A 52-year-old patient has papillary thyroid cancer T2N0M0 localized in the right lobe. She should:

perform subtotal resection of the thyroid gland;

conduct a combined treatment with preoperative radiation therapy;

conduct combined treatment with postoperative radiation therapy;

conduct independent radiation therapy.

. The most effective drug for thyroid cancer is:

cyclophosphamide;

adriamycin;

bleomycin;

methotrexate.
What diagnostic method is the most informative for suspected thyroid cancer:

puncture biopsy;

ultrasound;

gland scintigraphy;

computed tomography.
Early" symptom of thyroid cancer is:

compaction and enlargement of the gland;

pain when swallowing;

 hoarseness of voice;

dysphagia.
Biochemical test to detect cancer from C-cells:

determination of the level of thyroxine;

determination of the level of calcitonin;

determination of the level of TSH;

determination of levels T3, T4.

The main method for diagnosing thyroid cancer is:

ultrasound;

radioisotope;

X-ray;

morphological
With retrosternal spread of thyroid cancer, all signs may appear, except:

swelling of the cervical veins;

disorders of cerebral circulation;

Horner's syndrome;

attacks of suffocation.
Indications for postoperative radiation therapy are:

insufficient radicalism of the operation;

undifferentiated forms of cancer;

violation of ablastics in advanced cancer;

all of the above.

Benign tumors of the thyroid gland include all, except:

follicular adenoma;
 trabecular adenoma;

papillary adenoma;

follicular adenocarcinoma.
The most frequent localization of distant metastases in thyroid cancer:

liver;

lungs, bones;

stomach;

brain.
Early symptoms of thyroid cancer are:

dysphagia;

hoarseness of voice;

Horner's syndrome;

compaction and enlargement of the gland tissue.

A 62-year-old patient has papillary thyroid cancer T1N0M0 localized in the right lobe. Shouldn't:

perform subtotal resection of the thyroid gland;

conduct a combined treatment with preoperative radiation therapy;

conduct combined treatment with postoperative radiation therapy;

conduct independent radiation therapy.

A 48-year-old patient has T3N1M0 follicular thyroid cancer. It is best for him to:

perform thyroidectomy with fascial-case excision of the neck tissue;

conduct a combined treatment with preoperative radiation therapy at the

1st stage, followed by thyroidectomy with fascial-case excision of the
neck tissue;

conduct combined treatment with preoperative radiation therapy followed

by radioactive iodine treatment;
 conduct an independent course of radiation therapy according to a radical
program.
From C-cells of the thyroid gland develops:

papillary cancer;

undifferentiated cancer;

follicular cancer;

medullary cancer;
Etiological moments in the development of thyroid cancer should be considered everything except:

ionizing radiation;

the presence of neoplastic processes in the tissue of the thyroid gland;

long-term stimulation of the body with an increased content of thyroid-

stimulating hormone;

male.
Barrett's esophagus refers to:

obligate precancers;

facultative precancers.

3
First of all, cancer metastasizes to:

peribronchial lymph nodes;

supraclavicular lymph nodes;

paraesophageal lymph nodes;

paratracheal lymph nodes.

Obligate precancerous diseases of the lip are all except:

warty precancer;
 abrasive cheilitis Manganotti;

limited precancerous hyperkeratosis

skin horn.
Facultative precancerous diseases of the lips are all except:

skin horn;

papillomas with keratinization

Manganotti abrasive cheilitis.

Manganotti abrasive cheilitis.

What precancerous disease is sometimes called "horny mollusk":

keratoacanthoma;

skin horn;

leukoplakia;

papilloma with keratinization.

T2 tumor of the lip corresponds to the tumor size:

up to 4 cm;

up to 6 cm;

the tumor spreads to neighboring structures;

up to 5 cm.
Metastasis in one lymph node on the side of the lesion up to 3 cm corresponds to:

N1;

N2;

N3;

N4.
Radiation therapy followed by surgical treatment is called:
 complex treatment;

combined treatment;

combined treatment;

mutual treatment.
Which of the diseases of the floor of the mouth is an obligate precancer:

fibroma;

Bowen's disease;

papilloma;

lymphangioma
The most common histological type of tumors of the floor of the mouth:

adenocarcinoma;

squamous cell carcinoma;

sarcoma;

mucosal adenocarcinoma.
The most common cause of the development of tumors of the floor of the mouth:

against the background of precancer;

background pathology;

trauma;

on unchanged mucosa.
In 95% of cases, lip cancer occurs on:

upper lip

lower lip.

on unchanged mucosa.

trauma;
Cancer of the lip - a tumor of the elements:
 the mucous membrane of the lips;

integumentary epithelium of the red border of the lips;

the skin of the lips;

all of the above.

The upper lip is affected by cancer:

often

the same with the lower lip;

rarely.

urban residents;
Lip cancer is more common (select two correct answers):

rural residents;

urban residents;

in the southern regions;

in the northern regions.

Obligate precancer of the lip includes:

erythroplakia;

focal dyskeratosis and papillomas;

leukoplakia;

senile keratomas.
Facultative precancer of the lips includes:

cracks

cheilitis;
 chronic ulcers; chronic ulcers;

everything is correct.
In case of early cancer of the lips of small sizes, all methods are effective, except:

cryogenic exposure;

contact chemical;

) close-focus X-ray therapy;

photodynamic therapy.
For infiltratively growing forms of lip cancer (T3–4), the following are used:

radiation therapy and surgery;

chemoradiotherapy and surgery;

radiation or chemoradiotherapy and surgery;

operation.
According to the frequency of lesions in cancer of the tongue, the following are in the first place:

root

back;

side surface;

end.
From the epithelium of the tongue often develops:

squamous cell carcinoma of varying degrees of keratinization;

non-keratinizing form of cancer;

adenocarcinoma;

undifferentiated tumor.
In general, distant metastases in cancer of the tongue occur in:

20% of patients;
 50% of patients;

1–5% of patients;

30% of patients.
Distant metastases in cancer of the tongue often affect:

liver;

lungs;

the brain;

bones
In terms of differential diagnosis of tongue cancer, it is necessary to exclude

the following diseases of the mucous membrane of the tongue:

leukoplakia;

erythroplakia;

epithelial dysplasia;

everything is correct.
Complete remission after radiation therapy or surgery for cancer

80%;

60%;

35%;

15%.
Glandular cancer develops from small salivary glands:

often

rarely.

erythroplakia;
 OK
Cancer of the oral cavity most often occurs in:

Pakistan

South America;

in India;

right
The ratio of men and women in cancer of the oral cavity:

6:1;

3:1;

1:1;

1:3.
The initial forms of cancer of the oral cavity usually proceed:

under the guidance of other diseases;

with sudden onset of symptoms;

asymptomatic;

under the mask of stomatitis.

Cancer of the lower lip often develops:

along the midline;

away from the midline;

in the corner of the mouth;

on the inside of the lip.

The histological type of cancer of the lower lip is more often:

basalioma;

squamous nonkeratinizing cancer;

 keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma;

adenocarcinoma.
Lymphogenic metastases of lower lip cancer occur in:

5-10% of cases;

15–20% of cases;

25-30% of cases;

more than 30% of patients.

Tumor of the lower lip with a diameter of 3 cm, goes to the corner of the mouth, there is a
metastasis in submandibular lymph node refers to:

stage I;

stage II;

stage III;

stage IV.
To obtain material for making a morphological diagnosis, it is advisable

holding:

taking a smear-imprint;

taking a scraping;

biopsy

all answers are correct.

Surgical treatment of cancer of the lower lip is indicated:

with small tumors;

with large tumors after radiation therapy;

after cryodestruction;

in all cases.
Vanach operation is indicated for:

T3N0M0 tumors;

at T3N1M0;

at T2N2M0;

correct
35. Obligate precancer of the lower lip is:

leukoplakia;

owen's diseas

Manganotti's cheilitis;

correct
A 68-year-old patient has a tumor of the lower lip with a diameter of 2 cm, in the submandibular
and

submental areas two sedentary metastases, lung metastasis. He shouldn't

set stage:

I;

II;

III;

IV.
Vanach operation for cancer of the lower lip is performed:

before radiation therapy;

in the surgical treatment of cancer of the lower lip;

 2–3 weeks after irradiation;

execution time does not matte

38. In the absence of metastases to the lymph nodes in cancer of the lower lip, 10-year-old
survival period occurs in:

50–60% of patients;

70–80% of patients;

855–90% of patients;

90–95% of 0–95% of patients.

Risk factors for cancer of the lower lip:

smoking;

excessive insolation;

exposure to radiation; d) all of the above.

all of the above.

To obtain material for establishing a morphological diagnosis

it is advisable to conduct research methods, except for:

aking a smear-imprint;

taking scrapings;

performing a biopsy;

cryodestruction.
. Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer metastasizes mainly:

lymphogenous way;

by hematogenous way;

intraorganically;
 all of the above.
The highest incidence of esophageal cancer was registered in the age range:

40-50 years;

50–60 years;

60–70 years old;

70–80 years old.

The cervical esophagus starts from the level of:

the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage;

the lower edge of the thyroid cartilage;

bifurcation of the trachea;

jugular fossa.
Intrathoracic esophagus begins at the level of:

the first rib;

clavicle;

jugular notch;

chest.
In case of tumor infiltration spreading up to adventitia, it is possible to put:

T1;

T2;

T3;

T4.
The lymph node closest to the primary tumor is called:

guard;

dangerous;
 cancer;

tumor
What operations are performed for cancer of the esophagus:

Hartmann;

Lewis;

Payte;

Madden.
In dysphagia of the 3rd degree, there is a violation of the passage of:

solid food

semi-liquid food;

liquid food;

complete obstruction.
Close

In dysphagia of the 3rd degree, there is a violation of the passage of:

solid food

semi-liquid food;

liquid food;

complete obstruction.