A PROJECT REPORT

ON

PROPOSED COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE FOR

KWARA STATE GOVERNMENT

BY

ONIPEDE FUNKE GLORIA

ND/20/ARC/FT/093

SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL

TECHNOLOGY, INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
KWARA STATE POLYTECHNIC, ILORIN

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR

THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN
ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY

AUGUST 2022
 DECLARATION
I declare that this project/Dissertation is a project of my personal research works. It has not

been presented for the award of any ND in any Polytechnic. The ideas, observations,

comments, suggestions herein represent my own convictions, except quotations, which have

been acknowledged in accordance with conventional academic traditions.

FUNKE GLORIA ONIPEDE

ND/20/ARC/FT/093

______________________ _______________________

Signature Date.
 CERTIFICATION

I certify that this Research Project/Dissertation entitled COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE was

carried out by ONIPEDE FUNKE GLORIA Matric No ND/20/ARC/FT/093 under my

supervision and has been approved as meeting the requirements for the award of ND in Architectural

Technology, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin Kwara State.

ARC. TOMORI J. M
……………………………….
(PROJECT SUPERVISOR) SIGNATURE/DATE

ARC.OLAREWAJU F. A ....……..………………………
(PROJECT COORDINATOR) SIGNATURE/DATE

ARC. J. M TOMORI ......…....

……………………..
(HEAD OF DEPARTMENT) SIGNATURE/DATE

EXTERNAL EXAMINER ……………………………….

SIGNATURE/DATE
 DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his unfailing guidance and mercy

toward me, because he has been a solid pillar behind me. I also dedicate this thesis to my

ever loving parents.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly my sincere gratitude goes to God Almighty for his provision and protection

throughout my program.

I’m grateful to my Project Supervisor Arc. J. M Tomori who out of her tight schedule

still find time to go through my manuscript and provide useful suggestions and corrections

for the successful completion of this project.

A very big thank you to the entire management and staff of Architectural department

Kwara State Polytechnic Ilorin for had been there for me. They have been a successful,

mechanically advantaged incubator for the young potential architectural students of this

millennium and generation to come.

I am filled with a cloud of healthy desire and uncontrollable urge to recognize with

gratitude the value of incomparable gem whose life’s value is worthy more than an

exemplary character in person of Mr. & Mrs. Onipede who have done so much, I also

appreciate my parent for their support morally and financially.

I had by me, some friends that stood in time of need, they represent a friend in

deed, their moral and emotional support waited as a collective machinery towards a

productive achievement; OLukusibe Emmanuel, Alaya and the rest are such to mention

and others, which God recognizes. May God prosper you all.

I am strongly honoured in greeting my brother and sisters for their labour forces that

jerked up and kept the project going until its destination.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE......................................................................................................................... I

DECLARATION................................................................................................................... II

CERTIFICATION................................................................................................................. III

DEDICATION.......................................................................................................................IV

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..................................................................................................... V

TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................................VI

LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................................... VII

LIST OF PLATES................................................................................................................. VIII

LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................................. IX

LIST OF APPENDIX ........................................................................................................... X

ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................... XI

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction......................................................................................................................1

1.1 Historical Background ................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Statement Of Design Problem........................................................................................ 2

1.3 Aim and Objectives........................................................................................................ 5

1.4 Project Justification ....................................................................................................... 6

1.5 Client's Background ....................................................................................................... 6

1.6 Definition ........................................................................................................................ 7

1.7 Scope of the study............................................................................................................7

1.8 Limits and Constraints .................................................................................................... 7

1.9 Research Methodology ................................................................................................... 7

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review and Case Studies…………………………………………..……

2.1 Case Studies ……………………………….………………………………………. 9

2.2 Case Study One ……………………………………………………………………..

2.3 Case Study Two …………………………………………………………………….

12

2.4 Case Study Three …………………………………………………………………...

15

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 History/ Introduction Of Study Area .........................................................................

16

3.1 Site Location / Description.........................................................................................

17

3.2 Site Analysis/ Inventory............................................................................................ 17

3.3 Accessibility …………………...………………………………………………… 17

3.4 Services………………….……………………………………………...………17

3.5 Site Climatic Condition …………………………………………………………….17

3.6 Site Selection Criteria ………………………………………………………………

18

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Design Criteria …………………………………………………………………….. 19

4.1 The Site ……………………………………………………………………………. 19

4.2 Design Brief ………………………………………………………………..……… 19

4.3 Analysis of the Brief ……………………………………………………………….. 20

4.4 Space Allocation/Schedule of Accommodation ………………………………...….

20

4.5 Functional Relationship …………………………………………………………… 21

4.6 Conceptual development ………………………………….………………………..

21

4.7 Bubble Diagram ……………………...……………………………………………. 21

4.8 Zoning Based on Activities ……………………………………………….……..21

4.9 Design analysis …………………………………………………………............

22

4.10 General Services ……………………………………………………………………

22

4.11 Building Services……………………………………………………………...…… 24

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Project Appraisal ………………………………………………………………..….25

5.1 Construction Method and Material …………………………………………………

25

5.2 Substructure……………………………………...………………………………… 25

5.3 Super Structure ……………………………………………………………………. 25

5.4 Finishes………………………….…………………………………………………. 26

5.5 Services …………………………………………………………………..…… 27

5.6 External Works ……………………………………………………………….….. 28

5.7 Building Requirements ……………………………………………………………. 29

5.8 Recommendation and Conclusion ………………………………………………….

29

5.9 References ………………………………………………………..…………… 32

Appendix ……………………………………………………………...……………33

LIST OF FIGURE
Fig 1: Showing the Site plan and Location Plan of case study One.......................... 10
Fig 2: Showing the Floor plan of case study One .....................................................10
Figure 3: Site Plan Of Case Study Two..................................................................... 12
Figure 4: Location Plan Of Case Study Two............................................................. 12
Figure 5: Site Plan Of Case Study Two .................................................................... 16
Figure 6: Floor Plan Of Case Study Two .................................................................. 16
Fig 8: Showing the Location plan of case study Three .............................................18
 LIST OF PLATE
Plate 1:Site Interior View Of Case Study One .........................................................11
Plate 2:Site Showing the interior view Of Case Study Two...................................... 13
Plate 3:Site Showing the interior view Of Case Study Two...................................... 15

Plate 4: Showing the front View and side View........................................................ 18

Plate 5: Showing the Inner View and side View....................................................... 19
 LIST OF TABLE
Table 1: Space allocation and schedule of allocation ................................... 20
 ABSTRACT

In some ways, the planning of health facilities may appear to be simple and therefore an easy aspect

of health service provision. The building of a new clinic or hospital always generates excitement

and, when the facility is finished, it represents concrete proof that things have improved for the

community it serves and the health professionals that will work in it. However, new buildings can

quickly fall into disrepair. Alternatively, it may soon become apparent that a new facility is badly

located and designed. Sometimes new facilities cannot be opened because there is no money to

employ staff or purchase the supplies necessary to provide a service.

This chapter highlights the need for the careful planning of future facilities to avoid the

inequitable, inappropriate and wasteful habits of capital planning in the past. It also gives an

indication of the progress made in the improvements of health facilities over the past year.
 Because this is the first time the topic of health facilities is being presented, an overview of a

strategy for the planning of facilities is given.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Health systems have a vital and continuing responsibility for people`s health

throughout the lifespan. They are crucial to the healthy development of individuals, families

and societies everywhere. The real progress in health towards the United Nations Millennium

Development Goals and other national health priorities depends vitally on stronger health

systems based on primary health care Improving health is clearly the main objective of each

health system, but it is not the only one.

The objective of good health itself is really twofold: the best attainable average level goodness

- and the smallest feasible differences among individuals and groups – fairness. Goodness
means a health system responding well to what people expect of it, and fairness means it

responds equally well to everyone, without any kind of discrimination.

Health system includes all the activities with the purpose to promote, restore and

maintain health.

1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Primary Health Care (PHC) is usually associated with the declaration of the 1978 International

Conference in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan (known as the “Alma Ata Declaration”). Alma-Ata put

health equity on the international political agenda for the first time, and PHC became a core

concept of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) goal of Health for all. This PHC concept

was proposed in a paper submitted to the Executive Board of WHO in January 1975 in the

form of seven principles to be followed by governments wishing to improve their health

services. These principles stressed the need for shaping PHC around the life patterns of the

population; for their involvement; for maximum reliance on available community resources

while remaining within cost limitations; for an integrated approach of preventive, curative and

primitive services for both the community and the individual; for interventions to be

undertaken at the most peripheral practicable level of the health services by the workers most

simply trained for this activity; for other echelons of services to be designed in support of the

needs of the peripheral level; and for PHC services to be fully integrated with the services of

the other sectors involved in community development.

The PHC concept paper was prepared under the guidance of Kenneth Newell, Director of

WHO’s Strengthening of Health Services Division. The team responsible for writing it was

influenced by many individuals and publications, some of which I am going to trace here. As

a member of that team, personally, the most important influences, aside from the case studies

that appeared in the publications Health by the People and Alternatives Approaches, were the
contact with staff of the Christian Medical Commission (CMC) and its Board—James

McGilvray, Nita Barrow, Haken Hellberg, Jack Bryant, and Carl Taylor; they provided

inspiration, encouragement and knowledge which extended ours. 1 But there were also

influences which stretch further back into history: PHC-like ideas dated back to at least the

early decades of the twentieth century. Rural health programs in China developed with the

assistance of the Rockefeller Foundation and the League of Nations Health Organization in

the 1930s and, along with conferences organized by the latter, brought ideas together and

outlined a direction for the future. The chapter will explore the actions of some of the

personalities involved, their interconnections, ideas and experiences and the role they played

in the formation and passing of this declaration.

UNICEF’s program in basic services; ILO’s in basic needs; and UNRISD’s in civil

society served as models for broader developmental frameworks well-suited for PHC’s

community focus. Similarly, the writings of Paulo Freire, Ivan Illich, and Ernst Schumacher,

each in their own way, contributed to the importance given to appropriate technology and

community participation.2 In my belief the PHC of the 1970s was rooted in the work of earlier

individuals, the most important of which I believe are Jack Bryant, Rex Fendall, John Grant,

Selskar Gunn, Sydney Kark, Maurice King, Milton Roemer, Henry Sigerist, and Andrija

Štampar.3

Bryant’s book Health and the Developing World (1969) outlined the important role that

universities could play in developing learning settings most suitable for supporting

community-level work. Roemer, who wrote the conclusions in the Alternative

Approaches study, underlined the importance of a firm national policy of providing health

care for the underprivileged, in order to overcome the inertia or opposition of the health

professional and other well-entrenched vested interests.

King’s collection of essays reinforced these messages as well as others. He stressed the

importance of organizing medical services from the bottom up and not from the top down.

Fendall’s numerous papers were drawn upon for the writing of the chapters on health centers

and auxiliaries. Fendall also played a central role in the Rockefeller Foundation’s study that

led to Bryant’s publication. Another contributor, Kark, outlined an approach to public health

which featured the use of community diagnosis for gathering epidemiological data; among the

actions needed he considered that of health education as the most essential one. Influence was,

however, taken from many areas: evidence suggests that the key South African health leaders,

for whom Kark would later work, who were in China in the early 1930s, learned of various

innovative rural health programs and brought those ideas back to South Africa on their return.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

AIM
The aim of this project work is to provide a suitable and functional health care center for the
people of Kwara State.

OBJECTIVES
 To develop a design which will impact health of the people
 To ensure a design scheme for effective spatial and functional arrangement
 To design devices to modify climatic condition of the environment

1.4 JUSTIFICATION
The urge to innovate the existing structures with mixed up functions has motivated the need
for an acclaimed and standard Health Care in Omu-Aran where it functions will be distinct to
serve the Society in a facilitated way.
1.5 CLIENT’S BACKGROUND

He was born in Ilorin West Local Government. AbdulRahman is the son of Alh. A. G. F.
AbdulRazaq SAN., the first northern lawyer in Nigeria.

AbdulRahman attended Capital School, Kaduna between 1966 and 1968; Bishop Smith
Memorial School Ilorin between 1970 and 1971; and Government College Kaduna where he
is said to have earned his West African School Certificate Examination in 1976 (WASC).

AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq (born 5 February 1960) is a Nigerian politician and

the incumbent Governor of Kwara State. He was previously the CEO of First Fuels
Limited. He contested unsuccessfully for the governor of Kwara State in 2003, 2007 and 2011
respectively under the Congress for Progressive Change political party but was successively
defeated by Abubakar Bukola Saraki in 2003 and 2007, and by Abdulfatah Ahmed in
2011. However in 2019 he contested again under the ruling political party in Nigeria APC and
emerged as the governor of Kwara State, after he won the 2019 governorship election in the
state. In 2021 he introduces KwaraLEARN in basic education to empower teachers.

1.6 DEFINITION

It means that the health system is the complex of interrelated elements that contribute to

health in homes, educational institutions, workplaces, public places, and communities, as well

as in the physical and psycho-social environment and the health and related sectors.

1.7 SCOPES OF THE STUDY

 Wards

 Maternity

 Theatre
 Pharmacy

 Administrative block

 Supporting facilities

LIMITATION AND CONSTRAINTS

The scope of the design shall be limited to the provision of Health Care for Ilorin Kwara State

The following problems were encountered when carrying out this research work:

I. Reluctance of valuable sources to give out valuable information

II. Access to some units for assessment were denied

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

To achieve a balanced concise planning and design, the following research method were

adopted:

I. Case studies

II. Photography

III. Internet review

IV. Oral interview

V. Review of published materials

Case study:
This process is employed in research for gathering information by visiting the existing
building

Literature Review:
This is done by consulting text books magazines, newspaper, journals for Information.

Internet browsing:
This is mainly carried out through online research, online browsing. Example of this is Ohio
University Convocation Center.

Oral Interview:
During the course of a study questionnaire were set and there were also face to face interviews
i.e. asking of questions from people who have knowledge about convocation.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDIES

2.1 CASE STUDIES

The purpose of case study in any architectural research project is to enable the designer to

familiarize him/herself with terms, mode of operation, standard required any other factor that

may help the designers in achieving his or her desire objectives through the study of the

existing similar structure.

2.2 CASE STUDY ONE

BRIEIF HISTORY

The Acting Chief Medical Director, Omu-Aran Health Care, Kwara, Dr. Kolawole Ibrahim,

on Monday said the Health Care was now fully equipped and upgraded to admit 120 patients

conveniently.

Ibrahim told the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) in Omu-Aran that the feat was due to a

recent intervention by the state government.

He said that the intervention, through the state Rural Health Rehabilitation Scheme, had

increased the Health Care initial capacity of 96 patients.

NAN reports that admission of patients in the Health Care was partially suspended due to the

renovation by the state government more than a year ago.

Other hospitals in the same cadre are currently undergoing renovation across the 16 local

government areas of the state under the rehabilitation scheme.

''When the renovation work on the hospital got to a climax, we had no option then than to

abandon the old building and relocate to Ofe-Aran Health Centre in the town's outskirt.

''At Ofe-Aran, we were only able to admit 10 patients at a time and such admittance was

strictly based on the level of a patient's state of health, to utilise space.

Location: IFAJA PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE, OMU-ARAN KWARA STATE

OBSERVATIONS
MERITS

I. It is easily accessible

II. All the finishes are in good condition i.e painting

III. Adequate natural ventilation and lighting

DEMERIT

I. Lack of parking space

II. Poor aesthetic

III. Poor landscape

FIGURE 1: Floor Plan of Ifaja Primary Health Centre, Omu-Aran Kwara State
 Plate 1: Picture showing the interior and Signboard of Ifaja Primary Health Centre,

Omu-Aran Kwara State

2.3 CASE STUDY TWO

BRIEIF HISTORY

Model Primary Health Centre, Oke-Ose, is a Clinics - Public healthcare organisation,

in Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria.

Location: Model Health Care Center Oke-Ose, Kwara State

OBSERVATIONS

MERIT

IV. Good orientation

V. Adequate natural ventilation

DEMERIT
I. Poor functionality of the units

II. Inadequate number of wards

III. There is no define parking space

Figure 2: Location Plan for Case study two

Figure 3: Floor Plan for Case Study Two

Pate 4: Picture Showing the elevations of Case Study Two

2.4 CASE STUDY THREE

BRIEIF HISTORY

ADO-Odo/Ota Local Government, Ogun State has officially commissioned a Primary Health

Centre, constructed in partnership with Binatone Global Appliances Nigeria Limited for the

use of Iloye community and its environs.

The idea was conceived in 2007 when the community felt the nearest government Health

Centre to them is approximately five kilometres away, which is not good for any emergency.

Through the Chairman of Ifedapo Agbewa CDA, Mr. Joseph Babayemi, help came from

Binatone as it approved the sum of N5 million for the project, with the foundation laying
ceremony conducted on July 20, 2013. The sum of N3m was later added to make a total sum

of N8 million, before it was handed over to the local government on November 22, 2014.

In his address, the representative of Binatone, Babayemi, who thanked individuals and

corporate bodies for the judicious use of the money and their donations, appealed to the

council to make the roads motorable to make it accessible to neighbouring communities.

LOCATION: Ado-Odo Community Health Center, Otta Ogun State

OBSERVATION

MERIT

VI. Easy accessibility

VII. Well ventilated

VIII. Good aesthetics

DEMERIT

I. Poor landscaping

II. The environment was too noisy

Figure 4: Location Plan for Case study Three

Figure 4: Floor Plan for Case study Three

 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 INTRODUCTION TO STUDY AREA

Kwara State was created on 27 May 1967, when the Federal Military Government of

General Yakubu Gowon broke the four regions that then constituted the Federation of Nigeria

into 12 states. At its creation, the state was made up of the former Ilorin and Kabba provinces

of the then Northern Region and was initially named the West Central State but later changed

to “Kwara”, a local name for the River Niger.

Kwara State has since 1976 reduced considerably in size as a result of further state

creation exercises in Nigeria. On 13 February 1976, the Idah/Dekina part of the state was

carved out and merged with a part of the then Benue/Plateau State to form Benue State.

On 27 August 1991, five local government areas, namely Oyi, Yagba, Okene, Okehi

and Kogi were also excised to form part of the new Kogi State, while a sixth, Borgu Local

Government Area, was merged with Niger State. The major populated local governments are

Ilorin and Offa.

Kwara state has numerous mineral resources such as tourmaline, tantalite, and many

mineral deposits in the northern part. Cocoa and Kolanut in the Southern parts Oke – Ero,

Ekiti and Isin LGA.

As of 2006, the population of Kwarans was 2.37 million based on the Nigeria 2006

Census. This population size constitutes about 1.69% of the Nation’s total population having

relied upon immigration for population growth and socio- economic development.

ABOUT OMU-ARAN

Omu-Aran the Head Post of Igbomina land, is a town in the Nigerian state of Kwara. It

originated from Ife and currently the local government headquarters of Irepodun local

government. Omu-Aran is about 8 kilometers away from Aran-Orin.

3.1 SITE DESCRIPTION

The site is located in Omu-Aran the host community to Landmark University

3.2 SITE ANALYSIS

The proposed site is located in the North Central part of Nigeria. The proposed site is

suitable for the development because of its location within a built up environment with the

existing structure. There are no rock to be blasted, neither is there any river or stream to be

channelled therefore the site is ready to receive construction after the clearance.

3.3 ACCESSIBLITY
The site is easily accessible through the access road from the main road.

3.4 SERVICES

Essential services such as electricity power line, pipe born water line and telephone

line are available to the site and shall be connected the site for effective flow and use in the

faculty.

3.5 SITE CLIMATIC CONDITION

I. RAINFALL: Like most of the towns in the southern part of Nigeria, the site has

double peak rainfall, which are under four different seasons namely;

a) The long wet seasons which start form middle of March to July, this seasons

accompanies with heavy rainfall and high humidity

b) The short dry season known as the August break

c) The short wet season occur from September to October

d) The long dry season or harmattan season, this begins from November to mid-march.
 Based on the information collected from Nigerian Airport Authority Meteorological in

Ilorin, the annual average rainfall of the site is about 1163mm peak rainfall.

Hence effective drainage system is needed for the proposed correctional centre. The

moisture ladders south-west winds bring rainfall and dust laden North-East trade wind which

brings harmattan, are too principal winds that influence rainfall of this geographical zone.

II. TEMPERATURE: The mean daily maximum and minimum temperature are 30C and

18C respectively and mean annual temperature of about 29C. Thus ventilation (effective air)

is thus required in the proposed correctional center to get off hot air. Landscaping elements

will also reduce the heating effect of the solar radiation

III. WINDS: The effect of North-East wind and South-West trade winds should be taken

into consideration when arranging the required interior spaces to avail an optimum use of air

for natural ventilations.

3.6 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

The following criteria are considered in selecting a favourable and convenience site;

I. Easy accessibility to the site

II. Availability of infrastructure e.g electricity supply, water supply

III. Topography of the site

IV. Local bye-law and building regulation

 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 DESIGN CRITERIA

4.1 THE SITE

The proposed Health Care Center is well planned to meet the required functions and services.

It is to be approached through the main access road where staffs and patients can easily drive

into the parking without coming in contact with the pedestrians which in turn would allow

good flow of vehicles and pedestrian traffic.

Important factor are also considered in planning the site to ensure easy circulation of

movement on the site.

Architect is meant to solve the problem of his client as pertain to his profession to enhance a

good design functionality and aesthetic taste of the building should be given consideration.

Also, the issue of minimizing the cost should not be left out.

As far as this project is concerned, these three factors has been properly considered

 Functionality

 Aesthetic

 Cost

4.2 DESIGN BRIEF

The proposed Health Care Center as a project is founded by Kwara State Government which

is provided to meet the need of the State in promoting technical skills. It will also provide an
avenue for expression of the ideas in student and development in the technical education.

The school provided for effective functioning of the proposed design are listed as follows;

 Wards

 Maternity

 Theatre

 Pharmacy

 Administrative block

 Supporting facilities

4.3 ANALYSIS OF THE BRIEF

The brief of the design is further analyzed in the relation to the various facilities provided

4.4 SPACE ALLOCATION/SCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION

Space in architecture is a special category of free space, phenomenally created

by the architect when he gives a part of free space shape and scale. Its first two dimensions-

width and breath are responsive mainly to functional imperatives in the narrow sense, but

the manipulation of its third dimension height grants the inhabitant mind the special

opportunity to develop yet other dimensions beyond.

Expert manipulation and utilization of space can involve every emotional reaction

known to mankind. People reveal their psychology by the way they arrange space and

themselves within the space. The shape of space offers some indication of how one is
expected to behave in that space. Space is defined by man, or architectural element that is, the

placement of buildings creates exterior spaces and that space must be designed with the level

of care usually associated only with interior spaces.

The space must have a strong sense of belonging; it should be as flexible as

possible in order to accommodate changes within and for ease of expansion.

SPACE ALLOCATION

S/NO UNITS BREADTH LENGTH SQUARE METER

1 VERANDER 12400 2000 24800

2 RECEPTION 8000 11000 88000

3 PHARMACY 3600 6600 23760

4 NURSE STATION 4000 5400 21600

5 CARD ROOM 4000 3800 15,200

6 CHANGING ROOM 4000 2000 8000

7 TOILET (13) 1500 2000 3000

8 LABORATORY 3800 4000 15200

9 DOCTOR’S OFFICE 6400 4000 25600

10 IMMUNIZATION 3000 5800 17400

11 CHILDREN WARD 9400 6000 56400

12 FEMALE WARD 9400 6000 56400

13 MALE WARD 9400 6000 56400

14 LAUNDARY 3000 4800 14400

15 ALTRA SOUND 4000 4800 19200

16 LABOUR ROOM 6800 3600 24480

17 CONSULTANTS 3600 8000 21600

18 MATERNITY WM 9400 6000 56400

4.5 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP

Functional relationship is also known as bubble diagram and its expresses how each unit in a

design is relatively functioning with each other. It shows closeness of one unit to another. In this

project, the functional relationship was done before any sketch and this is what aids the project to

function better.

4.6 CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT

One guiding design concept is directed towards the free flow and spacious walkways for

Staff and patients. Other design concepts are directed towards the simplification of student’s

movement from the main entrance to the classes and offices and finally back to the park.

4.7 BUBBLE DIAGRAM

Bubble diagram is a graphics representation that translates function on activities into

spatial arrangement showing the connections with the space and their orientation on the

site.

4.8 ZONING BASED ON ACTIVITIES

Here attempt is made to group the various units according to the activities taking place in

them. Their activities have been grouped into seven zone units but zoning base on the

activities taking place in the school has to go this way

1. Wards (Quiet zone)

2. Outpatient department (Semi Noizy zone)

3. Noisy zone: This area is where the auxiliary facilities is located and this area include

Mini-mart, parking space, generator house

4.9 DESIGN ANALYSIS

4.10GENERAL SERVICES

The environmental facilities and services within the proposed design

1. Telephone services: Telephone line is very close to the site and this allows access to

easy connection using underground telephone cables to connect every line to be of use in the

proposed project.

2. Electric supply: The supply of electricity to the site is the distribution of

primary supplies in the form of ring main systems with substation transformer with

switch control gears as intervals. Both distribution mains and services to the site are

constructed above the ground

3. Water supply: The water supply pipeline is connected from the water main

closest to the site. Water is connected into the site from these public mains with the use of

underground water piping system storage facilities for water will also be provided on the

site

4. Drainage and sewage disposal: Attention has been given to sewage for entire site.

Issue identified are as follow;

5. Surface water sewer; they are usually separated from those used for foul water

6. Land drainage; this has been planned in a way that fits into the layout of the

proposed site.
7. Foul water sewage; this produce more regular flow fluctuating by up to about three

times the sewage dry weather flow at peak periods (mid-day), Sewage capacity are

calculated on the basis of the total number of conveniences provided to the number of users

which may eventually be connected to each station and sewer gradient must ensure a

cleansing velocity.

8. Solid waste disposal; there is provision for refuse and garbage disposal on the site.

This is easily accessible and located at the rear end of the site.

4.11 BUILDING SRVICES

9. Electrical Services: The supply of electricity into the building is the conduit system

of wiring. In addition to the supply of power to the site is a standby generator with the

automatic switch which will be connected to the distribution mains, signal of PHCN light

should also be connected to the security switch

10. Lighting: Natural lighting into the building is aided by the reflection of light

directed by the fins and the use of high level windows will also enhance natural

illumination into the building.

11. Ventilation; Adopted in the design is the use of both natural and artificial forms of

ventilation. The orientation of the building has been enhance with the approach facing the

South west windward direction and the rear view to the creek side, this wind will have a

cooling effect on the entire building.

12. Acoustic: Noise pollution from the access road and car parks has been

controlled with over 6m setback with the aid of landscaping features

13. Fire Detector/Fighting equipment: Fire alarms will be connected to strategic

areas in the building to help control fire emergencies also portable fire extinguishers are to
be provided at conspicuous locations in the building, fire hydrants will be connected to the

water mains and located in strategic places on the site.

14. Security services: The school of law being a private property is to be guarded to

ensure proper lighting and security within the premises. Automatic warning devices such as

buzzers and sirens will be installed at

strategic locations on the site. Lighting on the other hand is being viewed as an important

factor in creating a lively mood and interested atmosphere. The use of floodlight will give

aid for security traffic control and illumination in the night to give an aesthetic view of

building in the university in dark hours. Drive over floodlights will be installed beside the

kerb at 3m intervals along the drive-way. Bollards high for pedestrian precinct will also be

installed at intervals along the paved walkways. This will enhance illumination for students

and staffs at night.

15. Parking/walkway: Adequate parking spaces are provided for vehicular use of the

motorist and walkways which will ease circulation within the site to different units in the

design are to be provided.

 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 PROJECT APPRAISAL

5.1 CONSTRUCTION METHOD AND MATERIAL

This type of structure cannot be constructed by just any contractor. A high technology is

required in the construction of this magnitude structure. Other professionals especially the

structural engineer will be required to determine and design the structural details especially

the sizes of the walls before the commencement of the construction.

5.2 SUBSTRUCTURE

This is the part of the building below the natural ground level. The foundation of the building

shall be deep foundation considering the bearing capacity of the soil and trench to be dug to

firm strata. A concrete in-situ 1:2:4 should be used. The entire foundation depths shall be

determined by competent Structural Engineer.

5.3 SUPER STRUCTURE

To achieve flexibility in the design, the construction of the main building shall be of grid

spacing. The main structural system shall vary from reinforce concrete beams and slabs,

suitably framed to support walls, floors, and roofs.

Floors

The ground floor will be of solid concrete slab with based asphalt coating as damp proof

course lay on well compacted hard-core. The upper floor shall be reinforced concrete cast-in-

situ.
1.1.4 Walls

All load and non-load bearing walls are to be of hollow sand Crete blocks well rendered and

finished..

Expansion Joint

Two leaves of concrete hollow blocks with cavity of 50m will be used at distant interval of

thirty meters as expansion joint

Roofs

Well-seasoned hardwood and long span asbestos roof covering will be used

Ceiling

Suspended acoustic ceiling board shall generally be used. This will depend on the acoustic

requirements for the individual spaces.

Doors

Steel doors, Aluminum doors with wire glass panels, timber paneled and flush doors shall be

used.

Window

Steel window, plain, tinted and observed glasses of aluminum profile shall be used which

could be sliding, fixed, pivoted or swing.

5.4 FINISHES

Materials for floor finishes shall be terrazzo, different types of tiles, sand cement screed,

marbles and soft resilient materials such as rug and cork carpets depending on the areas

needed. Materials for wall finishes shall be of double-coated plaster and paints, brickwork and
marble.

5.5 SERVICES

These are the service essentially important for safety, comfortability, security and creating

conducive atmosphere. All electrical and mechanical services are to be installed in the various

ducts provided. An automatic extinguishing system (FM200), which is the world most trusted

choice in clean agent fire suppression, is installed. It has the ability to effect fire extinguishing

process by itself without destroying furniture. It does not contain toxic substances.

Acoustic And Lighting Provisions

Noise pollution from the access road and car parks has been controlled with over 6m setback

with the aid of landscaping features. The finishes are to be designed such that it would facilitate

acoustic effects; it is expected to be sound proof.

But natural and artificial lighting is being provided for. The use of courtyards and open yard is

to enhance the effective usages of natural lighting while artificial lighting units are provided to

enhance visual aids at night.

The buildings are oriented in a manner that would allow for use of daylight without getting

too much sunlight

Mechanical Services

Mechanical services to be provided for would include;

 All locks and locking devices

 Air conditioner

 Security cameras (CCTV)

And all security measures are expected to be treated to meet the necessary standard of
workmanship.

Electrical Service

Electrical services to b provided include:

 All electrical devices

 All lighting devices and fitting

 Locks and locking devices where applicable

These are to be fitted or constructed to meet the standard of workmanship

Plumbing Services

Plumbing services to b provided include:

 All sanitary facilities

 All drains and draining system

 All waste disposal system

 All water supply and disposal system

These are to be fitted or constructed to meet the standard of workmanship.

Fire Precaution

Provision of sand filled sand book outside each building including support facilities. It is

expected that users are to be given fire drills at least once a month and all the extinguishers

tested regularly. Provision for extinguisher shall be made available at regular distance

intervals within each building

5.6 EXTERNAL WORKS

These are works carried out outside and around the building. It is otherwise known as
Landscaping.

These are elements used to provide aesthetics and general human comfort in and around the

building.

There are two types of landscaping:

a) Soft Landscaping

b) Hard Landscaping

 Soft Landscaping: This is done by planting trees, shrubs and flowers around the

building to serve as barrier to the thermal discomfort and beautify the structures

 Hard Landscaping: This is done by paving the whole of the open ground and such

paving area include the parking lots, the walk ways, roads etc

5.7 BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

All concrete work shall be done in accordance with the British Standard of workmanship. So

applies to all other construction works

The Stability

The design has a structural grid that would allow for stability. All walls used are load bearing

and treated as such.

Maintenance Culture

Maintaining the state of the building would be relatively easy, the finishes used are PVC which

allow for cleaning with water and detergent. This when carried out at regular intervals would

ensure that the cell maintains its conducive atmosphere.

Facility like pumping machine should be serviced on regular basis, toilets should be provided
with duct for easy maintenance.

Other finishes used are also common and easy to maintain requiring no special care or

professional skills to maintain.

5.8 RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

Conclusion
Restoration of health through
design and technology is
possible as both the tools are
thriving. The design should
take account for bigger forces that
are in play envisioning
the bigger picture of how the
global challenges can be
creatively mitigated in long
run. The pandemic has
challenged the designers to
design enhancing the social
interaction and at the same time
slowing the transmission
of virus. Architecture as a
creative tool has a power to
alleviate the crisis concerning
the global challenges by
reshaping itself addressing the
need of human and
ecology. As Vitruvius writes the
architecture should be
equipped with knowledge of
medicine for without the
consideration of healthiness (of
the design) cannot be
assured (Ibrahim, 2019). The
design of a space should
live, heal and thrive being
justifiable and measurable
addressing the need of
everyone who can potentially
navigate the space and to achieve
this there is the need of
collaboration between different
field: public health,
architecture, and urban planning
Conclusion
Restoration of health through
design and technology is
possible as both the tools are
thriving. The design should
take account for bigger forces that
are in play envisioning
the bigger picture of how the
global challenges can be
creatively mitigated in long
run. The pandemic has
challenged the designers to
design enhancing the social
interaction and at the same time
slowing the transmission
of virus. Architecture as a
creative tool has a power to
alleviate the crisis concerning
the global challenges by
reshaping itself addressing the
need of human and
ecology. As Vitruvius writes the
architecture should be
equipped with knowledge of
medicine for without the
consideration of healthiness (of
the design) cannot be
assured (Ibrahim, 2019). The
design of a space should
live, heal and thrive being
justifiable and measurable
addressing the need of
everyone who can potentially
navigate the space and to achieve
this there is the need of
collaboration between different
field: public health,
architecture, and urban planning
Conclusion
Restoration of health through
design and technology is
possible as both the tools are
thriving. The design should
take account for bigger forces that
are in play envisioning
the bigger picture of how the
global challenges can be
creatively mitigated in long
run. The pandemic has
challenged the designers to
design enhancing the social
interaction and at the same time
slowing the transmission
of virus. Architecture as a
creative tool has a power to
alleviate the crisis concerning
the global challenges by
reshaping itself addressing the
need of human and
ecology. As Vitruvius writes the
architecture should be
equipped with knowledge of
medicine for without the
consideration of healthiness (of
the design) cannot be
assured (Ibrahim, 2019). The
design of a space should
live, heal and thrive being
justifiable and measurable
addressing the need of
everyone who can potentially
navigate the space and to achieve
this there is the need of
collaboration between different
field: public health,
architecture, and urban planning
RECOMMENDATION

I would like to acknowledge

Society of Nepalese
Architects (SONA) for the
opportunity and the review of
paper summary and abstract. I
extend my
acknowledgement to all the
reviewers including
anonymous reviewers of
academia letter for their
constructive remarks
I would like to acknowledge
Society of Nepalese
Architects (SONA) for the
opportunity and the review of
paper summary and abstract. I
extend my
acknowledgement to all the
reviewers including
anonymous reviewers of
academia letter for their
constructive remarks
In some ways, the planning of health facilities may appear to be simple and therefore an easy

aspect of health service provision. The building of a new clinic or hospital always

generates excitement and, when the facility is finished, it represents concrete proof that

things have improved for the community it serves and the health professionals that will

work in it. However, new buildings can quickly fall into disrepair. Alternatively, it may soon

become apparent that a new facility is badly located and designed. Sometimes new

facilities cannot be opened because there is no money to employ staff or purchase the

supplies necessary to provide a service.

This chapter highlights the need for the careful planning of future facilities to avoid the

inequitable, inappropriate and wasteful habits of capital planning in the past. It also gives

an indication of the progress made in the improvements of health facilities over the

past year. Because this is the first time the topic of health facilities is being presented, an

overview of a strategy for the planning of facilities is given.

CONCLUSION

Restoration of health design and technology is possible as both the tools are thriving. The

design should take account for bigger forces that are play envisioning the bigger picture of

how the global challenges can be creatively mitigated in long run. The pandemic has

challenged the designers to design enhancing the social interaction and at the same time

slowing the transmission of virus. Architecture as a creative too has a power to alleviate the

crisis concerning the global challenges by reshaping itself addressing the need of human and

ecology as Vitruvius writes the architecture should be equipped with knowledge of medicine

for without the consideration of healthiness (of the design) cannot be assured (Ibrahim, 2019).

The design of justifiable and measurer able addressing the need of everyone who can

potentially navigate the space and to achieve this there is the need of collaboration between

different field: public health, architecture, and urban planning.

5.9 REFERENCES

Effions- Williams J. (2010):McGraw Hill Encyclopaedia of Science and Technology

Harri. C.M. (1975): Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. Pub MC graw Hill. Book

Company

Lyneh, K. and Hak, G. (1984): Site Planning. Pub Mip Press Cambridge Massachusetts

and London, England.

Mcmullan R. (1983): Environmental Science In Building Macmillan.Pub First Edition.

Ramsey and Sleeper (2000): Architectural Graphics Standards. Tenth Edition. John Willey

and Sons Inc.

Rogers E.K (1982): The Modern House: Its Design and Decoration. Harper and Row Pub.
Salvato.A.J(1982): Environmental Engineering and Sanitation. Third Edition. John Willey and

Sons Inc.
 SITE PLA
APPENDIX
APPENDIX 1
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APPENDIX 2
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APPENDI
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LEFT ELEVATIO
ENDIX 4
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APPENDIX
ENDIX 5
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APPENDIX 7
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