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Q1
1-- polymers, ceramics, composites, and semiconductors.

2- either crystalline or non-crystalline based on their atomic structure and arrangement.

3- plain carbon steels, cast irons, and alloy steels based on their composition and
properties.

4- The word "polymer" consists of two parts, which are "poly-" meaning units or parts, and
"-mer" meaning many.

5- Elastomer materials are made of polymer materials that are joined by crosslinks.

6- Composite materials are materials made from two or more constituent materials with
significantly different physical or chemical properties.

7- Glass and paraffin are examples of insulating materials.

8- Density of a substance is its mass per unit volume.

9- The atomic packing factor must always be less than or equal to 1.

10- The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to
liquid at atmospheric pressure.

11- Specific heat is the energy required to change the temperature of an object by one
degree per unit mass.

12- The SI unit of heat capacity is joules per kelvin (J/K).

13- Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in shape, size, or volume in
response to a change in temperature.

14- The unit of thermal conductivity in the International System of Units (SI) is watts per
meter-kelvin (W/(m·K)).
15- Coordination number depends on the size and type of bonding between atoms and the
size of the atom or ion.

16- The coordination number of atoms in a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure is equal to
12.

17- The coordination number of atoms in a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure is equal to
8.

18- The coordination number of atoms in a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure is equal
to 12.

19- he mechanical properties of a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure material are:

High strength

Lower ductility compared to FCC

Greater resistance to deformation

Less susceptible to corrosion than FCC structure

20- The mechanical properties of a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure material are:

High strength

Limited ductility

Anisotropic behavior

21- Metals that have a hexagonal crystal structure are:

Zinc (Zn)

Cadmium (Cd)

Magnesium (Mg)

Titanium (Ti)

22- Metals that have a body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure are:

Iron (Fe)

Chromium (Cr)

Tungsten (W)
23- Electric and thermal conductivity in metals are strongly reduced by the presence of
impurities, defects, or scattering of electrons caused by various factors such as grain
boundaries, alloying elements, or dislocations in the crystal lattice

Q2

1- f.

2-T.

3- T

4- T

5- T

6- T

7- T

8- T

9- F

10- T

11- T

12- T

13- F

14- F

15- T

16- F

17- F

18- T

19- T

20- T