"

!" #

$ ! " " #
 " !

0 ./ ' - )* '" , ( ) *+ '% &

1 506 . 4 " + 3 1 3 ) 2 ,1 - 2 "

.0 ) 0*+ 0< 8 + ; + + : 2; 3 8 9 .7 2 " 1 -

+ )" = " 1 '% : 2; 3 " ,1 3 /

.0 , 0< 8 + > :/ ( - 1 3 2; 3 - ( 1 "

03 2 @ ( > ( ? 2; 3 ./ ,1 3 + 1 )* : + 3

A0 AB 3 " > ) *+ )* ; 3 7 * /

=)* / " 4 - " ! (

0 /0 8 ( )* : < 8 + ; + 2; 3

0 0 ? " '% 89. , ) *+ " C 4 !

0 '0 D , + ; + > :/ * )/ 3 ) *+ 3

' =1 3 1 - E. F 6 ( ' 1 1 : ( ' 1 56

0 0 1 : 1 1 56 > A , < H " H " )G G 9 . "+

-, 0 " ' " . 2 J.* ,1 - I

= " 2

0 6 # ( 5 " ) *+ L 5 D - K 4 6#

D -4 * ) - '" ? * ,* 3 " C

1
 0@ 0 * *"C - 5 1 3 ! - " ,J +

0 0+ 3 0 0" - K ,) *+ 456 4 & 9 / - )? =

0 (0 ' + 3 + + ;+ 1 3 2 " * - ,456 * "

0 0 /0 . + : + 3 9 . 7)* / 3

0 2; 3 ( ? + 3 )* 3 + )* : 2; 3 1 3

=> :/ /

50 0" 90 . M " "C G K 1- K1 I

50 " K ,)/ ? *;3 . + - / ? * ) *+

=/ 0 0 3 1 3 8 )* + > :/

) 0*+ 456 3 J./ ; 3 * 4 38 4 " - KJ

)/ / ?O " ,* N 38 / ? 2 3

1 30 0 )/ J./ M , " 2 - + * ; 3 ) *+ ) 3

0 0 " 0C ( D - KJ 9. = " 3 D - *;3

0 K 9 .0 2 0* =1 D E. F C O ) *+ L 5 8 9 . ,1 3

0* 0 1 30 ! - K ,1 + 3 3 (

) 0*+ 4506 3 J./ ; 3 / ., 2 /- ) 3 , @

> 0 20 ,1 30 0 / . + ;+ : + 3 2 "

0 9 .0 P " ! ( A AB 3 " ) *+ )* 3

0 '"06 , ( ) *+ > K 4 " 4 " / 2 " /

P1 4 3 *@ 1

2
 #" $ % & ' ( ! .

* ) "

0 & 0 0 8 " * 3 "

J.0/ 0 Q3 )/- =(Lipset, 1995: 240) ( ) *+ 8 *@

O 0 - *- F # F 9 / ! H " H @ *@ !

Hobbes O / O &- + ; @ J./ R - ! - = ( >6

0 90 0 ,T $ S John Locke 9 0 T $ S Thomas

J.0/ 0* 0 0 < 4 + =T $ S Jean-Jacques Rousseau

,H 0 (0 - ( H KH " H " + / @

0 0" + ; N ( H ( H + G ) D

(0 ( H ( H -H H 9 / ," O / 9

= /

+0 ; + > :0/ / " + ;3 Q 3

1 - K )* ;3 )? 1- , " , 2 /- ) 3 &; &

0/ G" 4 + 9 . = G" / 6 O - - F K9 /

4 0+ ;3 E-S " ( 1 " ( * 8 4 +

0& 0 ( )3 =T " ! ) G"

0 5 0 " ! " HU ,' % Q" " , 6

K + " V 3E 6 ( 8 1 ? ' =

3
(0 M0 0" .* ,E G " + <G </ &

=T , SH @ )@ ( /

A0 AB 3 " > ( ) 3 ./ M

0 @ 0 K , ! 9 , * @ ) 8 "

) O - ) , ! " ,> & + K( )

0G =T 4 N 3- 4 " -S )* " ! D " C 8

.0 O 0 0 >* 1? , - )@ .* F 6

9 0 - 0 B 3 0 HO 9 H @ -H9 *# H @

(0C 0 -! / > 6 )* -O - )< G O "

0 H 0 @ Q D ) =W 4 *8 . -Q

0*@# ,) HO *# H4 )@ !" H9 *#

" KF + ; + > :* , C ) @ E- # -

X " # 5 C+ , / , C H UE " " " XG /

,H( 3 H - G * U G # =( *@ -

- 0" 0* Y - & ,/ 4 38 J./ G' " X "

=T ,E " S H1 C J 8 9 H( 3 HX " K

9 .0 , " )/ &; & + ; + 2; 3 1- K C#

)* K )? = K " ; )/ + )* 2; 3

0 0+ '0 )0 , K " K E : E. , G " -

,9 0 . ' 2 " =)* + 3 < K C+ G" ./ - K ,O E K

4
( - ( K G" B 3 )* ;3 ! - -

2; 3 K / - + 3 3 2 @ " )& ,

=)* + 3 < K C - E. G " .* &; & > :/ :

+ , - ! .

, 0 + ) )@ K C+ ,+ 3 XG ,O / G" <

) - =T , + 3S ( G * : ) F 6 D

08 0K ' 2 4 G K 1 ,2 4 ) * J E.

,(0C ,2 0 # , 0" &S " G 8 H U1 G ; 3 9 .O -(

Q 0+ 4 G 2 3 ,* . T J " -' O " - 3 ,

" = . / ,) ,> ,! " + " CG ,*

=(Hobbes, 1950:139) H [ 8 / O =Z ); 2

1 E. H H - 3 ; O / @ * 8 - -

10 0" E. 9 . 3 ) H UJ " ' =civitas ; H( H -

F 1 K 2 * E. , " # 56 )@ - 4 G - , K

,)0 4 " \ / , < ./ =1

- H(0 H 03 M 1 =H + )/ .+ >C +@ )

,W ( 0 0 O 0 )* + - 6 ( O E K G" > ) H H

.0/ > ! - ( > ) * , & *" H U1 G ;3 9.

03 W E. H K9 / H *# 8 9 .1 6 " *M )

5
0 /; ,1" 0 10 , 0K @ ' , # ./ " 2 =

=(Hobbes, 1950:3)H #

E K 0G " 0 > > ) ./ K , + ) ) @ F 6 O / , .K

0 )* F 8 - ,W ( O )* + - 6 ( O

,J 0 E. G " 15 ( K @ O / M 3] " E- =)* 8

- 0 (0 0K @ 9. ) -H H K C+ G " ./

0 )0*+ -( 0 =)* 8 )* ( 8 - 1 3

0S 0 0< " . )*+ ,H H - H( H .* O /

3 2 @ " " 9. G ,TW ( S *K O T 6 (

=1 -

10 .0 O 0/ 4 " 2 @ M

10 : 0 A&- E + 1 1" &- * ,1 - 3 -

0& 0 " !0A 0 106 E. 6 ( =H( H 1"G E.

8 + ' 6 T $ S &; & ' " ,'

0 0 3 /8 * & * *6 . G ./ = )

<0 H 0 H - H(0 H -O / > ( =+ 3 <+

0 0 0 4 C " G 9. , *K O

0 ,T 0 S 0 *K T S 6 *- 5 ,4 6

*# H @ Q ,) HO *# H4 )@ !"

O 0 E 0 " - 51 G = *K 6- H9

6
9 .0 10 *# K ) 18 ) + - " 1 -

= + 3

E. 3 2 @ ' , ) ) @ FA6 O / - " 9 /

0 K @06 0 ( 8 ,B 3 6 ) 6 -1

0 = ) *+ Y + ( ) @ K C + , 8 K ,4

0 D K ]) 5 8 ) 1 - 9 /

- + 2; 3 @ QI =T ,2 6S 69 " ! /

(0 K @ O / - " / * M , ( O / : '% * G

08 0 0 - 0 1 3 ,H * K 4 KH O 6 G" 15

0 0 2 0@ 0 ( ( K1 @ > , 8

=/

9 E. ,O * ( - Q " ./ ; 3

J K @ , *K 4 K O 6 G" ( ) *+ (

0 - 3 ( > J./ 1 : ,)* - 8

4 0 0 )@ !" H9 *# H @ Q / "

)0 4 6 - 5 ,HO *# H

0 E. 3 2 @ ( 9 .> =T S *K T S 6

=O / & ' -1

7
 + , . ! .

E. H H -H H( ,1 O / : ( 9 : + 3

4 0& ) .* 1C '"6 FA6 , ) Q/ G" E. 9 J

0 0 ! D ( O H U9 @ * ,1

(Locke, H - ( 56 / , * * " G .+ 1

* 8 3 1 * ( -H H " GO / .M =1959:164)

CK , * - ( 5N 9 M ,)* F 8

3 " F ,* @ )* C- 8 K

0 0 / ,E @ , H U1 G ; 3 1 - / ,) " Y

, 0* 0 )@ - 9 . ,* 8 " ( , , 56

0" F , J./ & .+ ( 4 G " C- /

=(Locke, 1959:122) H )" 3 ./ = 3

.M ,O / G" * K C+ 9 4 I K9 G" C+

0 K C+ 8 G" M ,1 4 & ) )@ K C+ & G"

0 9 . ,4 & G" ./ -O % )@

- ,)/ " 0 - ,O 0 >C 6 .KH U1 G ;3 *

0 .0 ,O ( ' )* + - " 9 . )* M ,)* Q

0 =4 0 2" C 1 W )/ ! E. 9 6 .; K 5 ' /

- ,> 0 I ,2 03 ,\ ( S ,( 8 - ./ 6 E "

0 ,4 0 0 T 3] B 36 E- E - *"C -S )* - ! T +

8
2 0/- - )* - "C )* + 3 .* )* M ,O

0 GK , 8 )* 4 " )* . O K_ ^ ,9 . CG

H( 000 G- 1 - E. 2 * / ,)* ; 5 T S4 " 6

=(Locke, 1959:188)

0 ;3 9. , 3 " I 1C ) Q/ 9 , .K

<0 ) 4 & '"6 1" 6 ;3 , " '"6 4

0G , / 0 0 3 2 @ ( ( 1 : > G = + -

, 0 )0 Q/ . 4 & 1 '"6 6 J - > . )*

.K , 8 F * @ ( - ( " .

J.0/ 0& 10 K 1 3 2 @ " "

= 8

( 6 ) 1 C/ 9 * 8 @ *

0 J - 5N @ * 9 * H ) H1 4 &

,N 0 4 0& 0 J - > , ) 1" 6 O /1 C

0@ * 9 / = (Locke, 1959:ix)4 & J.* ' ( I 3

Q0" 0 " O / CO Filmer C * K N 3-

9 0 > =(Locke, 1959:10) H - " HU - N D ,' %

)* E- V 3K ! ,)* " , - ,O ( H U1

=(Locke, 1959:168) H1 3` 1 C3K J./

9
1 : + 3 * 1M - -O / - J - ->

( 1" - I 15 " E. 9. + 3 , ( O / :

(0 J - > , E + ) C J G" M 9. ,

@ QI ) E *@ D , K G 9. / 2 @

0 0 = 0 K G 9. < ) F I D K 2 * ,1 F 6

0 0 0 ) ' ,/ 9 '

0: , 4 &9 " , G 8 ] F! 1 )G +

=*

0C - 9 . > ,* @ F ( 1 : " -

D ,4 ! : 9 ,/ 2 @ (

>0 ! 9 , [ -4 + 9 *@

,4 2 3 Q 4 * * 0

O "0 4 - *@ - = G ) ) -4 & * @

) 0 ,E 0+ ) Q ! E- 74 J./ A

(0 , ! *@ & J./ E + ! - 9 =

& + - ( " ,* : J./ Y

(0 H -H ( H 3 " " = "

=* 1 ( 3) " ,H

10
 O G" E. ( 1 : + 3 9 -

J E. 9 . ( J E. 2 3 9 . ,O / J E. 9 .

" ( ,* @ )* 8 1 K ( ,O /

>0 =E ) C4 & 6 J G" > ,) " Y 3

0 03 9 3 G; * ,/ 2 @ ( 1 1 :

0 ( > ) C/ 4 & '"6 1" 6 , K -

) E 4 &E : 9 , K * 9

0 0G 90 . < ) F I D K 2 * ,1 F 6 @ QI

)G + ) ' ' H D 7 K

0 08 ( 1 : > = G 8 ] F! 1

0! 0 E 0: D ,4 + 9 / 2 @ ( * @

0 0 Q 4 * * 0 > " 4

= K E + ) Q ! ,4 2 3

+ , ! .

G9 .K ,J E. " ;3 ) FA6 G O / .K

J 0 2 3 M ,J E. J ;3 ) C/ 4 & FA6

0 + 4 & 6 *5 GJ - K , * "

0 D - - ,H " H1 G = 4 &4 : 9 -

- * )/ 6 9 . ,4 - 64 [ 4 G - .K

11
 "+ " G + ;< 1C + 1 Y - / =

=T , S

0 (0C , 6 4 [ O - M 1 D -(

E 06 O , " 8 ,J ' ,1 K O 5 E. , "

-S 0 (0 0 = " J I ) 9* J @ *

0 , 063 1 8 ,)/ G " 1 6 M T -

0 0 0* 0 1 + + -, K "

90 . - ," * ( 1 G" ./ J + - 6 , "

,1 - 9 6 B 36 , 6 4 ( 6 KH U1 G ; 3

, 0 SH 0G 0 1 + K( 1- K ( ( -(

0 0" 1 E. " J (C 5 =T

0" 0 9. , 6 4 [ O - K D T - " S

O - 8 1 6 6 4 (

=4 "

0/ -,0 06 / 3 6 J./ ( , " 6 (C

,B 306 - H U9 . " =* 1G ( 9 6 ' !

0 0 E 0 K @ ,( - ,* 5 1 + ) G G ,>

& "a .K 1 5 " =H 3` + *" 5 8 ; ,(

0 1 G 1 36 ( )* H U " KB J / O

15N =H -! >! C </ 6 , " " 4 # 4 K

12
 0+ : " </ E G" ./ G" + B 36

0* . * 1 + "+ ./ / , - " >C 8

=* K * 6

B 3068 (0 ./ " 36 J./ 5 N

0 </ - * , b H H0 ) .35 C 3b

N0 G K / / ) = ) /: C - *

N N '"6 ) 4 .3 )* 5 N * 6 - = */ 65 *

, 0 S "C 3 )* + /

=T $ U

0 -( , / 01 " )/ - - , .K

06 4 K -( E. " , " J (C 1 D

0 -R J./ 9 . ,4 4 " R -( E. /

J0 2 K " =1 ; 3 * K " R / J "

( @ " J @ * - * 1

0 G G+ .K ==H U1 G 9 .O ,J G " T S

0- 6 > 6 D ," + =* / ( ; "

=(+ " K I 2 - > 6 )* *" - ) . 9< 8 > 6

E- =T , 0 SH 4 ( D 9. O 8

0 0 + 81 K &- " -

13
10 0" 0 K > 6 )* 2 " 3` > 6 + )! " 1-

= "+

0" ; 03 0 - # 1 O , 1" K "

0 0 0 1- K #HU 5 D * ( 6 5

20 =0 )/ & - - " E. 3b 1 + 9. = ; ?8

, 0 S H 50 J./ ( - -P 6 1" E. =9 . * - I ./ N

F 0 1 C- O , " J 5 J./ =T

0 1G , M 1+ 3 /1 # 3 KH U1 G #

.0* ! - .K => 6 ! Q " E- 9 / O ,1 #

10 K 0 3- =10 " - G; 3- F! /1 K F! , # " 2

, SH ; 3b ' ' 6 - QG +

=T

, " 06 ) 0@ ; 03 9. 1" K J C- "

) 0@ ? -' ( 3 )@ - C & .KH U1 G 9 .O

0" 0 8 ,4 U < C I ./ 1- " 6

H 0* 0/: 0 0 84 = </ F! 4 / 3

4 0 ; 0/ (0 0 , 6 J 5 " * =T , S

0 0 0 6 8, # . + 6 - : , ;

, / 30 0" 4 + -N 1 M . =( E. ) @ ;

E.0 0 )@ = # 4 ; 3 ' -, ,4 < !

14
 0 )0@ - 4 ( " -( ,J @ *

0 J ;3 * K " 4 -= " )* 4

= ! G ? *8 1 K 4 :! ) ,-! *5

/! - " & " , ( : '% + 3

0 0 V 03 , 6 ( )@ / N ( HU -

(0 ,( * "C # K "

54 6 ! " =T , /!S H / 1 " 3 @

0* / 4 K 6 4 ' ( / N (

0 0 E. ' )* + + 3 =T ,4 6 S

F 0C -N 0 0* , 0 /1 - / 9 + J./ N K 4 4

' !0 8 .0 1- , '! E. ( F C /1 " )?

E. ( 0 4 0 O B 38 6 15 " * 9., + (6

50 / " = 6 - 6 %&- &- J %&- 1 - = '!

O 4 K ,4 '! E. ( 4 (

0" 0 2 0* 50 C - " =C- 2 @ " 4 K

, G O + ,1 = + & , O -> K - / J

-4 0 . C Y+ 9 2; 3 5XG

$ U , 0 /S FC 8 " 4 G8 8

=T

15
10 K C - E. ( : )/ + ' % 2; 3 @ QI

(0 10 : + 3 - " / * M ,4 1 ' J

10 ,O G" 1 K ( ,9 O /

0 " O - 8 1 6 6 4

O 0 - 0 08 J ( : M =4

10 0 D =/ 2 @ ( 4 "

0+ - J./ J - ;3 , + )@ - G X " 8

I C . . ,J I K ,(G ./ C . +

9 && 4 & + 4 & ) G / J - 5 "c ,J *

=>; O #

( , 34 & ' )/ ) ( ! .

) "

, 0 ( ( H ( H -H H 9 / "

D ; 0& ! / 5 9.= " + ; T $ S /1 E. 8 /

0 K ) *+ 9. 3 , , ( ,4 8 U 4 :

=H H H H( 9 / " ) D ,4

4 0+ 0 J 0 + ' , * ( ) *+ / CK Q"

0 " =TKaviraj & Khilnani, 2001:3S TE! ( S burgerliche Gesellschaft

0 )0 H 0 H) " -J ( Y 3- / -

16
= 0 0 J *@ 15N =E E G J" K J" 9.

0 0 0 1- ( H + H1 2A / 5

50 0 " 0* 9 .0 = O " - G *"

T , S B 3 F \ #4 - K ) J (

B 368 * + d6 4 8 9 + * ( 4 "

0 ? )* 0 0 , . )*+ 3 .

, 0@ D ; 0& * 1 K ( - =1 ? 3b "

)0 ( ( - E- 75 1 6 & ' (

@ / 7 2 ' 8 ' ( =)* F 6K O

06 .03 ) @ KV / ,)* F 6# 8 ; 3 56

*@ KN- .M 7 " $ ' 88 ' ( =

5 6 +@ 5 " / * KV J./ M , *

- )* " & 4 A - )* 1 6 15 N =1 +

0 : J./ ; 3 =/ ? " @ / ,)* F 6K

=T $ U ,) KS ( - )* + ;3 )@ -

G & ( * / / &; & @

0 S 0 (0 6 8 @ 5 c" D 7 .+ " 6

0 0 E 0 G N - G ) *K 06 e- /J T

J 0 * & @ = 3 f A 3 6 )<

= .+ 1 c * && @ -= " 6 )

17
 0 0 G G; " 6 , G 6N , / (

0 0 3J ( *@ 9 . =T , S 6 >C 4 #

0 G F 6 1 ( = G +

, 0* . / J./ =)* " C )* 8 O G; )@

( 06 + Y ( ( N @ ( = /

0 / - E- = K 1 ;3 ,F E + 9 ) ( E- , 3

8 + ,* * , K ( ! ) 15N

1 + K @ ( + - /H UO N , (

,* - + - ? "a - , <! ?Y 1- 4 ? 1-

=T ,O SH Y 1 ? -

U - 0 ? 0/ " , G K /1 K '% 2 3

0 N.0I 2 0 ,( " \ + N K " * ! H

) 0*+ 0 0 + > +CK K G ( (C + +

- " =T , ?S H ) *+ ! O Y C- (

3 0 0 @ " , ( G ) / 5

0 0 0 15N =E! G " + Y O 4!

0 2"0C )0 - * , ) *@

K / / ) *+ ( ) *+ -N = 8 !

,0 4 0& 0 C / 1 ) *+ )/+

18
 0C 068 0 & 4 * ,* / 6 4 " ) / ( ) *+

> 0I M O ;3 9. ( F -

0 ( 5 9 / =T , -S & > #

' / 71 C 1 Y A6 9 . 8 ( /

/ 1- J ,J ,* ( 4 8

0 0 G K / 5 3] =( ./ ) G

E- 0 .0/ N D , 6 ( - 4< / 3

0 0 0 + 4 * 35 ! 4 G G D ; I6 / 5

0 0 0 3, 8 * & ! - G , 8 *; & 8

E.0 0 81 ! K2 / - "c =T , S K

= / 1"C

20 / " M , G /4 )* : ' % 2; 3 @ QI

0 ! -F , + ; 1 ( ) *+ 1 : + 3

4 0 8 0 0 10 &; & J ;3 , - ( (

=1 + * 6 (

(0 H H -H ( H ! - / -

D ; 0& 0 !0 9. , " + ; N * 9 / - "

( ) *+ 9 . 3 5 = , ( ,4 8 U 4 :

0G + 3 1- K ( ! ./ /- )? =4 K

- E- ,T S ( 6 8 @ 5J - =

19
F 06K 0 O 0 ) ( (

0 T S K 6- D ,) *+ ) 3 1 N 3- CK ,)*

A0 3 0 6 )< E G N - G )

, 0 ( ) *+ G /8 *@ 1 9. , 3

=E! ( J + 1 K " C+ 5 ' % Q" '

J ( - K / ( ) *+ 4 C# J./ )?

O 0 K) ) * ! , * ! - G + 3>

=1 C " / 4 ) *+ 3 - E.

5 ) / ( ! .

0 / ! G + 3 / (

10 3 - 9 .0 , J T $ SO >

0 J 0 0 " ) *+ -O 5 9 / =N 3-

0 0 15 D ( 1 : /( O 2 3 = F

= 0C - - 1 56 - E. / N- O 456

+: ( ) *+ 4 8 " O HU -E " W "

0 N 0 =T ,E " S H /1 1 " E. " ' G " 9 . ,' 6

J &5 / /1 " E. 9 . ' G " ) *+ 8 O " ' 5

10 > 1 " K ) 1 ) *+ 5 " ,2 + .* 4 + 9 ;3 6

0 - ( " G + !A + E @

E 0 G N 0 0 3 4 & 18 9. , 8

20
0 0 & " ) ( 5, " ,9 . = #

)/- N K & ( -N =) @- " 4 C )@ *

!0 0 0CG '0 9 . ,; O 1 D E. F *@

=T , S4 ( ./ Y

0 8 U 0 0 ( Y )3 O0 5) 2 "

0 # 4 ,/ / ' , / H UH * 5 H1

0 /> 8 4 J./ C =_ 3 ^ 1 C " "

0 0 & =E! ( B < 3 , 4 < V 3 (

,4 ,(G , , + O , # X " , * + K

0 " D0 , 9 6 - , C - , !

03b 6 N ,B 3 M I6 D , ( , < 1 +

0 = 0 ? N 0G 0 " ,C 00 K 1 . Q+3 , < Q

,) 0 S HQ 8 > !K 0 > 0 0 00 ( > !K /

=T

4A " 4 3 4 , / , *@ ( -) N

0 ./ ( ,_Q 2 " ^, 0 , /, ) D , 0& 0

0 -= 1 E! ( 1 5 $) N $O

0 0 (0 0 & $) XG ' gO0 M H 8 #H

0G; E- , G; " ,T G; S G G; " 6 V # G;

0 03 06- / / /V # - - K @ 1- " = 3

21
, 0 (0 - V0 # G; " O M , # N ( " 3

(0 H UH 8 #H O J - K 1- =L "+ \

.0/ 0*@K 0 ) E. 8 =1 L O -J 1

06- 0 @ _1 ^ ( + 9. , /D 1 (

0 0 (0 -N 0 =T ,) S H ; 3- + + 3

./ 5 = 06 3 1 . )@ , G - - 6 3 *@ O

) ) =4 3 G; " F / ,O ,(

0 ! & 3 , 6 & K @ ? 1

=T ,) S " <"

Y I H O- H 3 ; +: O 5) XG

,L \ G V # G; ) *+ (

0K 3] 6 K 3 < 6 O - /L - E-

0 F D ,& ! " ( *@ 4 K -

= / - N 3- * ,0 3 , *< I K - ) " ,* 3

(0 0 2 & / # C - > ) *+ O 3 5 "

)0 ! ' E @ C O - ,T &S 6

O 5 " * 9. =E! $ *" $' I *" *" *

N 0 ' .* 1 5 " =1 . F ? )< G ( K - @ @

0 * 0 > * ) E- , * )@ 4 < -O

,TO X U(0 4!00* -S J # 4!* - ,> C

22
=N 03- * G # * !* - * ,*

2 ! 1- # K @ O 5 " C- ' .*

- 06 * 0 F GK 4 < 00 D =( 4 & (G G

=T ,) S )< (C " +

0 ! 4 ) *+ 3 -F O - )?

)* # - & - K, >! J G +

= 0 ( ) *+ ) * # ./ *C" + ,2 "C ( "

0 H + , 3 ( K @ O 5 Alvin W. Gouldner " D

=(Gouldner, 1980) 8 ! O ( H "

Simone Chambers ' ( O : + ' % Q"

0 (0 0 0h G 4 ) * HO 5

N 03- + 9 / =(Chambers, 2002:107) H 4

,10 10 : / + 8 Q" + 3 , ( O : + -

! 4 ) *+ 3-O M , + 2; 3 @ QI

=4 3 1 K 2 C- , J G +

, &5 1 + : ,' % Q" " ( ) *+ O )3

0 10 E! ( / ( 5N H * 5 H1 +

0 V0 # G; ( & H 8 #H 1 =

0-= 3 G; E- , G; " ,T G; S G G; " 6

23
 0G; ) 0*+ ( Y I H O- H1

6 O - /L - E- ,L \ G V #

(0 0*@ 4 K ) - K 3] 6 K 3 <

=& ! "

0 9 / - K &5 ( ) *+ 1 3 )? O

(0 O : G ,E G " / " ./ , 3 ./ (

O 0 / " ! 2 @ ( G

.0 0 " I , - ! " 9 *6 D , -

0 G 10 : 0 " ( K1 : = ;I ./ ' G @

( ' % Q" * 1 @ = 6 K 1 : , - C

0 0 - 4 0G 6 ! 1@ G; * ,

- 0 -O 5 Alvin W. Gouldner 1@ E. ./ , (

68 , ! " c% a ) (

0@ J.0/ - 0 cA6c 9 . O 5 " / =E! ( * *@

(Gouldner, / "0 &5 * , ! " ' - /

=1980)

0 0 1- - ! " ( 5 " O ->

0 = 0 (0 ! G; @ 15 M , ! "

4 0G K G / 4 + 9 ! 1 ) C " O

T0 S 0" O: 6 K -,6 - + -

24
 0 0 " = )* 2 @ )/ - , " X + ;I '

J G; 8 .* G ,* - - !

0 *5 " K @ O 5 David P. Levine James A. Caporaso

=(Caporaso & Leivne, 1992:65) ( * (

10C 0 " ;I 0 .0/ ,)* ; I ! J./ G "

4 8 1 6 4 & ,1 46 H " HO

> 0C "06 " . @ ! - ," " C+ & K

= - ;I

0 40 0 ) *+ 3-O - -( , .K

0 ! 9 . ,4 3 J - ( -

0 ) 0*+ 03 - 1 - ,! E- / 3 > G +

- E. / N- O 456 J 4

0" 0 )* # - Q" M 9 . )? = ( 456

=) 0*+ &50 ) * # ./ 5 N 3- ,2 "C (

0 2 0@ ( G; 1 G; " ( 1 : >

, 0 - ! " 9 *6 D , - / " !

= ;I ./ ' G @ . " I

4 0 50 ) *+ 4 J./ , ( ) *+ )* # "

$ 0 4 4 + / & ' ?- *+ 1 1 " < + 2G

25
 30 1 " , *@ K ) *+ " , / *6 2G 4 ' =

=1 C " / , 3] + 4 I 1< M 4

) 2 ) " 9 - ( :; + $ / ( ! .

0 0 *@ K ,2 ' N , ( ) *+

- # + ( 8 " ' * ' / *6 2G 4 "

,20 0 S " - 1 < ( 4 " 1" ; , 6 ?

=T

0 20G 4 " ( ) *+ 3 -T $ S 6 ?F

0 20 (0 ( ) *+ 1 : ;3 9 . ,4 3 / *6

= + + ;+ 1 : + 3 6"

6 ? ( 5 + XG ( 6 ? :

/ ,T( G < 9 >& S / @ G; " 9 /

0 D ,)/ ? " - 8 *6 E.

0 0 O 1K = + 3 @ '! 8

2 3 Q3 "6 C ( C- / ,'

1 06 0G = * 1 E E. / ,)*+ O ( * E

F; 0 H 0 0 )@ H H1 , + , ( 6 ?

0 0 -4 F C - )? 15N = 23 HO

1 0C " 0 " G; 1C 6 ? + M H H J . G +

26
 * * ( H 3 H " )3 15 ,F C

U , 0 + S =V # 4 ( N 4 G

0 20 3 6 I ( % G; " 5 " =T $

(0 =0 % 4!* 8 2 3 ( @ - ,V # G;

0 ' !0 8 0 & 3 @ ( )C J

N 0 10 - E- , " 4!* 8 V # * ! , & "

0 K 0 3 : @ ( )C ( 5 +

G; / ( G; " 5N = <" 9 . V #

! 0* 0 0 *- J 5 ( 4 6 5N * )& ,

0 ) *+ ./ 2 H HY )3 1 / = "

X G0 0 ,9 0 . 0 ) 0 =H( *H " 1 3 E. "

' - 6 - " C -, +

0 E 0C 15N D =J 5 ( K / " -' ,

0 4 52C = 4 6 ( *

= 6 K T K S >! / 6 ? @ *

V / 6 I ( 6 @ ( 5 + XG

, 0 < 0 0 F 9. G; " 6

0 , 4!* 8 / , : + = " -

-@ ; =T , + SJ # ( * ( @

0+ @ J -D ( +@ " ( ) *+ 6 ? 1 C- E.

27
 0 0 0 0" ! D = K - * " 4

0G; 0/ J * , * -4 , *

50 0 " 0 =0 )@ * - E- , - 4 G < G

5 - - I J @ * * - .K , - " J - 6 ?

0 N 0 0 0 9 4 - # '" 8

N 0 0 ,) 0*+ 06 I 0 0 0 =T , + S + 3

O /! - ' G O ( - /, +

=T , + S 8 O 1- , 3 1

10@ 0 " ( 6 ? - 5'% 9 /

0 0 4 0& - @0 6 ?H U - XG D , 4 &

N 0 0 0K 0 8 ) ,* ( 2"C 4

06 ? 0* 0 - ( 4 J./ , ( 4

) E. , ( ( ; *- @ ; ' I " - ,T ' S

0 * 0I 0 0K - 1- K = G O+ * *G

/ 0 - 0 0/ ( * , ( #

( 4 * ( * J./ ,T(G ' S 6 ?

=T , S

" ;3 6 ? -E " " " "

*0 3 )? >; " % ' 8 6

0 I 0 - 0 6 4 & !/ , - 4! G

28
F 0 0 + 0"+ 0 !- 6: *@ ( , 6" 3 -

- K ,E " X G , D =9 > ?8 ;+

(0 6 6/ ;/ > 6 & - K " \ '

, " 6 ? M / , ( ( * ; ! ' I - ,

0+ 3 4 0 0 0 C ,' I >; 5 ,E "

V0 # 0+ & ) 3 E- , * ) 3 ) , +6;

=T ,E " S * O E! O-

10 0*@ 0 (0 B 3 6 I @ - + XG

0 0 # 4!* 8 4 G - /! K " I -

10 - ,HD 0 8H 1 N 6 ? 5 = - G

0 0 " .K ( K /A I )" ) *+ - KJ I

1 5 YC - 6 ? 5 " =( * E- , 00 ( i (

= 0 (0 - B 03 * !* ,' ) !* H H )*+ - I

0* G; 0 10 @ ;3 3] " ( ) *+ - 6 ? - 2C

0/ " $ J E. 9 . 3] @ *K @ D , (

=* >; / & 2/ - !

0K K K " 6 ? - / '% < - E-

0/ K * 2 " .M 7 (

06 * 3 0 0 E * < ( 4 ;3

0/ 0 0K 6 ? * C- 4 M 4!* - X

29
2& 1 3 E. E! ' 3 # V K ( *

0 * 0 F 1 E >! J ( = " 2& E C"

(0 0 - * - - K " ,4 O F G# <

= > = = < U 6 ? *K =

=( * F * / E- ,

H 0 H( 0 7 0 ( ) *+ 3] ! 2C - 6 ?F

( 1 ! ) ) , " + ; H H( (

O 0 >0 - 0K G + / 3 1- K / K

- D = G + 1" 6 ?) , 1"

- 0 E.0 9 . G + < / b 1 KH U +

( S / 3b ,T 3S @ F E- ,T ( S( 1

0<+ *0 0 T 0 * S )* ( ./ = -T

O 0 0 4 # - T4 6 4 S ( N 38 ,( 4

=T U , + S HT 6 S

0 2G 4 " $ ( ) *+ 3 -F 6 ? -

= + ;+ 1 I 3 1 2 C- 9 . ,4 $ / *6

0 ./ , K / 4 +@ ( " D

0 0 O 0 ,T(G ' SJ - ( # *

G + 1" 4 CK 1 2 C5 ,T ' S / - 4 6 4

=O " O

30
)/ 2 , ( ) *+ < 8 + ;+ : + 3 2 C - - "

2 @ ( + ; + > :/ : 2 ,/ 1 4 3 *@ > :/

0 0K ( ) *+ -2 YC " ,)* /

0 0 0 * 0 0 /! ,1 4 3 *@ / N 3-

=+ ; O 1 4 3 *@ / / " D - / / C "

# ?2 : 0 2 , 2 ( ! .

4 ) *+ *6 6 I + J ( ) *+ 4 "

N 03- 4 1< K - - K / *6 4 2G 4 ,1 3 1 2G

10 0 10 E. ! '% + =4 "

N 0 ,1 ' E. O < ' -D )* + 9. ,G

5= 8 .@ " 1 & 4 " M ) 2 '

0 0 " =T ,) S 1 ? & ( 6"

50 , 0 I 0 @ *@ K ( ) *+ H - )

N 0 0 =T2005a , S HH 6 H1 E. 6 )@ H( H

0 K 0 H U) 0*+ 50 X G , G 6 - G 1< K4 K -4 6 !

0C T 0 S( " 5 ' ? " I @ *@

0; C S 2 ) ; E " 3, @ )/+ 6

0 =T ,4 06 S H5 2= 6 )@ T +& "

0 ,) )0 . * 5 G 6 - "6 9 H U1 - ; XG

(0 S 0 0 0C 1 Q3 ( K ( ) *+

31
,4 0 08 j" ,( * , ] 6 ,T

0 Q 0 ./ ,Q ,' ? * <6 = * ( </

0 0 F 0 9 A0 0/ " .K , ( 4> Z c

0 " Y0 - D0 , 6 YkC ! 8 " M ,T * S

0 / =9 06 < Y - E. / 2; * - ) 3 (

H 0 6 *" ( " " ( ) *+ Y -

=T , S

, "0 * - & * ( ) *+ > K 4 ->

M0 , 0 " C - 9 a+ 1< K4 O < ' ->

(0 8 ,/ - / ? 2 3 4 " J./ 1

0 , + + ; + * )/ ,* K 6- - ,1 3

) K = " 3 D - * ; 3 ) *+ 3 )/ 1< K4 " 4 "

- 0 ' 0% 0 2; 3 1 - K ,) *+ > K4 " O < ' F K9 /

* , * *6 D 8 G 6 -D - * *6 D 8

- 0" , 0 K * L E . K -D 8 J.* =1

0 1 ( 5 Y 5, ? @ 8 "C 3

0+ & 0 ) *+ * D - 5 "c D =D 8 J./

> 0 - (0 V , G 6 -( , " 8 9.

0+ 0 D 0 - 0 & - YC =) 6* 6 6 ,) "

32
 0 '"6 / 2 YC 9. " ,* 3 > K ;3 /

P1 4 3 *@ , ( ) *+

G 6 - G & D = " * D - -

= ; " 6 '! / & " ' - 4 +

Lech 4 TGdanskS 9 + > " )@ l l

3 < - ./ = +& " V ./ J ,; 6 CK Walesa

= H G 6 H 6 *" *

6- ; 6 , "6 H C H ) G ) 2 3 *6

+ 3 & C , K "6

* K )C D , / H C H - = I "6

= 6 '! >C - C - )* , I D & E- ,

' ' " K " 9

=T , * 3 :6 4 ! S +: G > IK

Q " 0 + I F 6 C 3

" *6- 4 " C , ( G /@

0 , 0 0 ?5 )* < Walesa " '3 , C ; #

0 /@ E " Q" ' ;3 @ 3

K 0 )0 - ) = 6+ > , C 2" E

4 0 0C 0 ( G -= 3 GK (G h m C KU 3N K

33
 0G 0 G , - 6 E = * V! \;

) 0G 0 0 , 3 )* & C : O

0G 6 R - = C 4 G M /@ 2 ]

0 " 0 3 0G ) @ - Walesa - / , - " 8

0 8 G> G = 6 )@ X" 38 & /D - ,

4 0G 0 K ) 0@ 5 ,E '"6 & ) G )@ 5 C2 & "

0 " ' CK C =F G# 1 G 9 . ,\;

0 C 9. ,; > - 4 6 "6 K

6 ,( N 4 6 4 I + @ 2 b ;3

= C 6 2

0 * )@ , 4 E " C

, ) 2 = ! !* 3 1 )@ 1 E. O 8 /@

0 0 , " ? 6 " 8 "+ , E G *

4 0 C# 6 ,G ? ! , < .I

0 0 S1 (C - ( ) ; > - F! E + 6 N 3-

=T , "

0C# 0C " N G 9. ( 6 C ) ! N-

& + = ! Q" ) G - K 2 @ G " K

)@ 0 " ' 8 Q" 3M 9. , )@ <! \; K > M G

34
90 . S 2G = D & ,

0 GT C# G *S 3 2G T2 6 J G E. \; #

' 0 0" 0 H L 4 8 , ) 6 *6 =Q + ' Y

C " ( & O , G 6 L H "

=4 C

0C (0 C " 6 3 )

& > ! < ,9 . )? = 6 ' * I6 ?-

0 - ' 9 .J = ! X 4 H C H G ,C "

O 0 - 0 )@ * , - 1 *6 E. ( I )/-

0 9. * * , G *6- " I 9 = V.

) = ; 2 K H4 ' H 9. * =

9 06 0* ) 0 0 0 4 G ; M ! G

N - 0G = 3 3 G < * )3C >C * X

)0 0 0 " '! ) D U9 .] < )@ * K9.

:06 4 ! S n ( \ K) ,' ! 8 " )@ )G ,

=T , * 3

'!0 K1 I 1 + E 6 '! )G ) &

0 , 0 4 3 - ) , *

' 03 1 " ) O < -Y < Walesa ' 3 ) 1 + )" *

=T , 3] ( S 4 4 / ) O 3 * 4 + 9. ,

35
.0/ 0 0C / , KD 8 J./ " , .K

1 - E- 71 @ H ( H "+ D 5 '% & A =

10 0 ( 5 = J./ (

0 , / ? G 6 - Q" 9. K

0 D 0 10 5 K @ Y -D , @

8 K H ( H + 8 G; D - E-S 8 K + 8

- E-S +0 8 K 8 D *- * K @ - " =TH F H

0 )& H ; F H 8 G; D

0 ' 0% 0 0" 4 &K ' ./ =TH( H + 8 K

0 ( 5 " \ = (

0 0 1 O ! !" )/

0 10 0 ( 5 " , ( 6

.3 E- ./ , ( 6

0 D K ; , , G 6 - "G D 8

3 ( 2@ ./ & - YC = ( ) 3

= ! !" - " 2 /-

D 0 - * 0C- 0 ( ) 3 K CK

0*@ , 0 0* K 06- ) E. , G 6 -

' 9. , C E- , C1 " Y -D ,1 3] ) 3

" 9 / =4 6 '! B 3 " 1

36
Adam 9 06 ) ] 0& G 06 -E + - I /! /

, ( 8 ) / > K Vaclav Havel / 2; Michnik

(0 0 " 1- ) )@ >C )/ ;3 9.

=T , I SH

0 0 0 4 &K K N - ,H * * H - H CH ( ) 3

- 0C ) 3 ( 5 " \ = ) ) *+

G * ( G; " K E- ./ @ S , *

0 G 06 - K ./ J , C ( , C "

.0/ 0@ S H ! - H 4 )3 ( 5 " =T

( , ! G * ( G; " K E-

0 J " K E- ./ , * ( H ! H4

(0 ! 4 2@ o-' ( H -N D Montesquieu

=(Harbeson, 1994:26) H *

H 0& ( H H 8 ( H D - D - " 1-

E.0 (0 9 .U * 8 ( & J - -H U ' " D

0/ U 0& 0 (0 , 6 & 6 ( 8 3 1 K "

0 - 3 G 6 - N Q" & 1 E. (

=T , SH " ) " )& ;

37
, 0 (0 ) *+ * ; 3 A ! 8( Q " ./ ; 3

30 10 *@ ,J 1 )* : + ;+ + 9 / ) 15 (

0 " 03 4 ( ? > , 4 + 3

4 " 2 3 =) *+ 3 / . + ;+ /

0 " 03 & - - ,/ C " / ? ) *+ 3

30 0*@ ,10 4 K J./ - ,1 3 &-

=4 4 1 '"6 K N - E. 8 , G 4 ) 1 4

( ,A .

+ ) - ( ) *+ 456 3 J./ ; 3

) 0*+ 30 0 0 / . < 8 + + ; + ( - ) *+ ./ 1 "

2 0@ (0 ) *+ )* : ? =+ # B 5 ( (

0 . J 1 " + ) =* / !

= # = C ) " . " '% " O " D + 1

,10 1 : ( ' 1 56 ' D ,# 2 ) D B , 8

71 " C 4 ! KE: 8 ./ =1 3 1 - E. F 6 ( '

0 1 : 1 1 56 > A , < H " H " )G G ' 8

-, 0 " ' " . 2 J.* ,1 - I

= " 2

0I 0 (0 > 4 " ( ) *+ 3 -

= % # & ' ( " ,+ 3 3

38
9 0 O 0/ *< H " H @ *@ * Q3 * ) "

0 0+ 0/ 0 @ J.0/ * < 4 + =1< 6 O -

J./ ! )/- =H H( -H H( KH " H "

+ G ) 1- K J./ /- )? , G" ( ) *+ > 6

0* # 0 H @ Q ( ) 3a =H H( H H(

0 9 0 - HO *# H4 )@ !" H9

0 8 " A AB 3 ( > 9 . ,W

(0 ) *+ ( 9 E. ,O * ( = G 9.

0 8 J K @ , *K 4 K O 6 G"

O / / " - 3 ( > J./ 1 : ,)* -

0* # 0 H4 0 0 )@ !" H9 *# H @ Q

06 )0 0 4 0 6 - 5 ,HO

0 0 - 10 E. 3 2 @ K CK =T S *K T S

=O / & '

( ,* @ )* 8 G" 9 ( -

06 J E. G " C - ,) " Y 3 "

0G; 0* , / 2 @ ( 1 1 : > =E ) C4 &

C/ 4 & '"6 1" 6 , K - 3 9 3

4 0& E 0 : 9 , K * 9 ( > )

0 I D K 2 * ,1 F 6 @ QI ) E

39
 08 0 0 ( 1 : > 7 K G 9. < ) F

0 E0: 0 0 D0 ,4 + 9 / 2 @ ( * @

0 0 Q 4 * * 0 > " 4 !

= K E + ) Q ! ,4 2 3

0 1 ,J E. G " (

=4 " O - 8 1 6 6 4

/ )@ 2 @ ( ( : M

=J I K (G .* 1C 4 " J - > , 4<

!0 ! -, ) " )/ ) (

!0 .0/ > , ( H H -H ( H ! / J./

, 0 (0 ,4 8 U / 4 D ;& : ! /

* = G + 3 ( - K9. /- )? =

06 0 0 8 0@ 5 ,) *+ G /8 *@

- 0 G 0 )0 T S K 6p- D ,T S (

10 = 3 f A 3 6 )< E G N

=E! ( J + ' % Q" ' C+

J.0/ ! ! - M 5 ) / (

0 3 0 - 0" ,O > E. G + ! ,

( O ) *+ 4 J./ ! 9. , / !

40
 0 J 0 0 " ) *+ -O 5 9 / ,

- E. / N- O 456 J F

0 ) *0 # - Q" M 9 . )? = ( 456

0 )* # 5 N 3- ,2 "C ( "

(0 0 G; 1 G; " ( 1 : > =) *+ &5

! " 9 *6 D , - / " ! 2 @

= ;I ./ ' G @ . " I , -

0 - ,) 2 ) " 9 - ( :; + $ / (

( , J./ ! ! - ,1+G " ) *+ > K 6 ?

O 0 > 0C J 0 9 .0 , - " G +

0 0 # 0 * 0 K 4 + @ 1< K , #

/ 0 - 4 6 4 O ,T(G ' SJ - (

=T ' S

(0 ) *+ > K e-, G 6 -D - " , 2 (

J 06 ,0 J./ ! ! - ,1 3 1 4 2G 4 "

0 4 ) 1 4 3 *@ 9 . = & * ) 4 4 1

0 0 1 30 0& , 0 ( ) *+ '"6 K -

4 " 2 3 = ** H - H CH 1 3 ,

) J &- " 3 & - - ,1 56 / ? ) *+

= + + ;

41
 2

U " !

10 " 0 , 0 ( ) *+ " J./ ' ./

Y 0 30 0G 0 - ( ,) " N 1 < 9 . E- 7 "

) *+ 5 " D ,) ) " >! 9. - K ,H " H

J ? + 3 X 31 ) " ) >! ./ " N

0 3 10 " - " = " N , ) " N

0* " 8 9 ., & " ? + 3 X

10+ @ =1 0C - / , " * 2 3 ,) *+ 2@ *%

20 ! K K' ./ ; 3 " .* , " C 4 ! K E : + 3 2 /- 3

2 0/- 1+ @ 2; 3 1 " C K E : E. 1 " -

0 0" N 0 < ( -( ( = + 3 H( 6 H

0 " 2; 3 + YC &- " K , J./ ; 3 ) *+

0 0" ) *+ 32 3 2 *;3 - , "

=* % " 9 2; 3 " ,/ ? 8 Q"

E = = E ' U " 8 ' ./ C

% = , 34 + ./ 6 D = , 34 "(2 (

0 G 0 0 0G; '% & " / " K 1 ;3 "

' 0% 20 @ E :0 2 ,1 G 2 3 2 , (

= 0 6 %1 X '"6 G " )* : 3 ) *+

42
 " K 1 ;3 " % 5 ) , 34 5 B 1 /

0 0 0 0/ D G : < X "

( G )*6 O " 2 " K " , (

" 2 $ " 6 =) *+ " C 4 ! 1 9.

0 0 ' - " K 1 ;3 " 1

)* /- / '% + 3 H( 6 H / " ;3 (

'"6 )/ 2 ( ) *+ 2 @ ;3 * K "

= ( G

= = = E ' U " * ' ./ 1 C E. & + -

H " ( H & / " 1 ;3 =F /F F /F

06 %) *+ ) 3 '% * - K " 2 /8 2; 3 '"6 2 "

"0 D %F 2 F G($, " 5 ($, C-

KE: - * 56 * X " 3 C + YC K

F 2 FE 2 6 = 9 R 6

( ) *+ 2 " '% + ) E: 2 1 ; 3 %5 ($, ) #( "

0 " 0 ,) *+ " C 4 ! K 1 - "

6 9. CK = " ( ) *+ 2 " )*G + ) '

"" . H %5 ($, ) #( " 2 '

(0 0 & X " / YC K " D % 2

- " ! " ) 1 G; "

43
 0 H( 6 H - 2 /8 2; 3 -2 YC 5 ($, ) #( " 2

(0 )* : )* ; 3 )/ ,) *+ ) 3 ;3 ' * -

= " - "

44
 , 34 "(2 ( E E '

" ! .

'"6 ( G + '%

,0 0 ( G G; " 9 6 )* ! , " &-

=10 " 0 C KE: ( ) *+ Q I 4 ! ' E. 8

9 ,Q" *C" 4 " 6 3 & , G; " J./ G -

=* * nc" 5 ,/ ? 4

2 G 1 " - G; " J./ '"6 '" G

0 0 4 0 G 3 . 1 8= C '"6 ( 2 -

0 90 . , G Y *@ 15 " =( G

5 "c D =H G HD Y KH G H) Y D

K 6 H G H -= 4 # K 6 , ?# ) 3 . 35 H G H

' 0 0 F 6K : D ./ , G :6 4 K

0" : 1" ' H G H *@ = O < K <"

F0 E0- 0 :0 9 9 )- : / : J./ * , G

= 3 1 F B 3

James N D =H G H ! X F ./

4 2 " )/ H G H *@ - David P. Levine A. Caporaso

0 0I 06 0 (0 *@ *K " J *@ , "

(0 Q" - ;I " =TCaporaso & Levine, 1992:1)

45
 0 + 1- ! # ./ 5) 1 > , G; ! K J

0 0 - A 8 J./ - N =( ' -, G

< ) 4! - 4 38 J./ - J " , ) V 3 G / "

./ ( - KB 3 = 2"C 6: 9 . M , ,

=T , ;IS " ) G Y -

9 0* = 0 G ( G; G @ &

N 0G N E- K ,( G 3 2 YC D G @

0 G V 3 N N E- K ,J ( 6 G

Jacques Bierling " =THolton, 1992:4-5) G :6 &:

F 0 0 K) 4 5 George Lafferty

+ K 3 ) " " 8

5 , " K = @ &-

0 & F -= G + Y ;3 C - C

, 06 0& 0 0 0 0 + 0& - 3 " "

0 C ' 3 5 ,

J0 0 0: 0 ,0 ( 4 G

=(Lafferty & Bierling, 1998:100)

1 " 1 " , " E. '"6 < ./ Q 3 (

.0/ 0 0 '"6 KN- , ( G X

46
 " + 3 H( 6 H 2 /- 3 1 )*+ @ + )* ; 3 )*6 ( =) *+

= + ./ ; 3 1 C " / , ( G

, 34 ! .

0 ./ , ( G )* : '%

0& ( G G; - ( =1 " C 4 ! O "

Y0C ,D & ! N K D ;& 2 8 J./ 2 & , &; & 2 - G;

UT $ S 6

T $ S 6

)* : 2 3 ,J./ &; & G; " 2 8 )* : + '% 2 3

(0 0 0 )* : " = ( G K

( )@ " 5 " 9 * , .* @ * 9 *

,10 ) 0@ - , " @ - G KO 5 ;3

0 0 0 0 ( @ - , Y 1

=TMatthes, 2003:86)

47
 &: 15 ( K @ 9 /

, !0 4 + H U1 - Sung Ho Kim " D , 4 3 (

) 6 !- K H ( H A5 (

40 :6 &- " ;3 G- " -( 1- D , I*

0 '0 0 (0 H U - Helmut K Anheier =TKim, 2004:2)

( 0 , E! + 1 G : & Gellner

)? 0 ( , < Y ) ); G / ! K ( -

=(Anheier, 2004:20) H( <! 4 ( - ,9 .

1 K ' % Q" - K - ( 4 @

0 ; + -' ( 5 - Nancy Fraser "

=(Fraser, 1992:133)

( 4 &: 3 15 K4 @ J./ G;

0 ' 0% Q" 2 /- ( , 8 Q" , 1 4 C K4

0 0" = G ( 3 K . 4 :

- '0 0 - Peter Moss Alan R Pence Gunilla Dahlberg N &

0 0 - 0 ( *3 c -' 4 4!

0 03] 0 =(Dahlberge et al., 1999:71) , +

D0 ,0 * ( ,4 G - '%

N 03- ;3 )? . ,4 : - Vidhu Verma "

48
Verma, G # 9* ( 2* G; ,)*

=T2002:2)

N 9 / , ( G '% : 2 3

- 03] ' * ;3 * ( " G -

> E. John Varty > :/ , G ;3 K; -V (

,1 ; , 9* ( & G G; " .K

4 - G; 5XG J 9.P ( E.

0 0 ! ; " 4 C C

10 = * C & G G; " 5N =* - "

-N 0 = 0 ( C4 G; " <! * *5 "

.(Varty, 1997:29) H ; O 8 (C -

0 ,1 C G1- ( G : J./ 5 @ ;

Simone '0 > :/ G ( ! - ' % Q"

.0/ 0 F 0 ) 1 - ( QG 2A"c ( 5 E. Chambers

0 40 0 5N * .= !" -' 1 E-

0 3 C- "a - G G; , ( * 6 *- @ ;

=(Chambers, 2002:90) H G ! ( -N * .= C 6

- + 3 ( '" G 5 '% &

- , 0 (0 0 ! " 6 G - " 9 * = .* )* @

0 0 , 9 / =TMatthes, 2003:86) J *@ 4 Y - G

49
, 0 ( 6 '" G " - ,GUO Gang ' 8

06 6 ./ M J @ * ,1 6 C 6 Y -

=(Gang, 1998) G 6

, 0 G ( @ * ' % Q" Q ,

Severyn > :0/ , G O )@ ( 5

0 )0 6 ( " ' ?- 5 X G E. T Bruyn

)* 0 O 0 , 0 G " @ * O , )@ 1- 4 )*

0 0 ! @ > " Q" 5 " ,H HA 1 G @ *

(0 0 50 1- K = - ( R G; 9 / O 15

A0 3 , I , 8 6 < I %& c -

=TBruyn, 2000:3) D & F " c D qr ,

K - ( + ) ' % Q" 5@ ;

0 " - K )*C" 8 ,J - -

O F ) > :/ , " * - - (

0 - 0 ;" 0 (0 0 0? " & " A5 ) ! E.

0 (0 0 0 " - ; 5 =

)0 0 G (0 " ' G - " E- 9 / 9 . =(Ismael, 1997)

0 )0 G 1 - ,E- ./ D =' 8 9 6 #

0 , ! ) -( )@ , " " 1 " G+ , " "

50 0*@- " - K E- ./ B 3 = G K

50
 0 0 G 03 - K , 3 -( / +

=(The Anglosphere Primer, 2003) H C 6 (

( 1 aG ( 51 + G XG

Gideon Baker '0 > :0/ , G 4 ( &- 8

0& - , 8 ( * aG ( 3 HU E.

0/ =(Baker, 2002:31) H ! G 4 ( 151 "

= E G @ ( @ ) -Q 9.

0 !0 ( G '% X -

10 0/ 0 /- N 0 0 K15 ( G K @

0@ * ,1 I 15 / K @ , / 4 C

- 0I *: / @ * &M * / ( ) *+ 3

(0 G K )* @ -> ,J ' ) *+ 1

( H 1 " * ,4 G M K -,

- 0 E. - # <6 - # 4 @ I H

= ( = , 34 = B ' ) ) ?I M 9 . ,1 "

?= ) 2 / , % H # (/ ) ) D 4 D

% J" F 2F ( / )/ /# ) " 0 % 2 $ 4 % 2

% D 4 , 34 # (/ ) ) D 6(/ 3

) #$ D 4 D %# / ) D 4 D ) )0 . H 3

=+ /4 5 ($

51
0 K , 0 ( G '% )

0 0 0/ , * C ) )- 1 G : C N 3- 6

=1 C

5 ) , 34 5 B 1 / ! . .

N 3- K G ( G '% X

9 0 * P )- ( " G : * , (

=9 . N 9 / - ,1 G : C ' 15 "

( 6 '" G " - 6G . ' % Q" - @

0 " ( 6 C 6 G Y 5 .

GUO '0 > :0/ 0 , ( G : 4 C

,10 M K , ( * C ) -' G : 5XG E. ,Gang

0 )0 =(Gang, 1998) H ( 3 " N N K ) ,J '

, ( K G : C 4 C 5 '% Q"

, , G /- )* ( " )*C" -

=1 K

( N K G : " ' % Q" :

E 0 G 0 J ) -' 5 . 3] ' : 2 3

40 - N 0 Michael Walzer - 0 0& " , ( O

5N 1 - )? = 3 - "

90 . ( , ( 1 - E. &- ' E G 6 /

52
10 M .0 / = ( " 3 - 52 " *

0" 0 ./ - N =Y 1< C

" -' E. ! / > ) *+ Q ? K (

40 0 (0 F !0 0 G; Y P (

=(Varty, 1997:30) P 8 "a * E- K, "

, ( * C ) -' - . '% 2 3

& - - G N G +" N - Arato Cohen

0 - 0 3 0 - " D ,1 ; ,( 3

0 ( ) *+ M / @ * =4 " " ( QG 4

0 *K ! ( 9 . =HE! ( H .* G !

1 0 0 0/ G ! && *+ 5 " D ,

( 0 0 (0 4 5 * =(Cohen & Arato, 1992:18) "

= G CJ Y -'

0 *+G K / 5 &5 . '% 9 / M

Q 0" 0& -N E. W. Dubbink ' > :/ ,

>E 0 V + 2G * 4 2 D ,< " 9 * , 6

)0 - I 15 " 1 ,1 4 ) -' -2 " / = 6 J./

0 0 * 9 6 -' : J./ 5 N K ,/ 1 4

2 1- 8 ' ?- ! 4 5 = (

1 " 5N * ,J./ @ * = . )* ( ' O 1 C

53
 <06 06 9 .K , " ( 6 J 4A 4 I : )*

=1 8

=4 : K - 5 " * , @ ./

!0 .K 0C - 06 C *+< @ ! -N 9 / 5XG

) 0G 0 ( - " 3] Q" 9 / 5 X G = . )* 1 "

@ * ! . 9 < :- 5 = 6 .* &8 / , 8 & , *

- N 0 D0 ,1 56 " C 6 Q" ' 5 " 4 :

0 50 . 5XG =1 56 6 & / < 6

0 0 I )0 - '0 ,0 " 6 Q" 2+3 1 4 ) -'

0 4 + < " - * J./ @ * 5 =N 38 4

Y0 " C " 4 J./ - / / 8 =

0 0 4 " + ,Kettner N 5N * =4 6 ;

0/ 8, G K) " J./ + - / & = :

= 4 6 I - GD E ( C4 :

0 - =) @ N 4 J./ @ * - / &&

(Dubbink, = 0 ! )* )* ) Q + * "

(0 0 > ! 8 9 H U1 - ( 2 Dubbink - 9 . =2003:1-2)

(Dubbink, H " " 6 ? - 6 6 " V 3

=2003:144)

54
 *M ( C 6 G 5 @ * 5@ ;

0 0 50 " J./ @ * - , ( 1 C ) -' "

0 0 &:0 0 * 89. , ( G -'

,10 G - K J./ @ * 5 , (

- N 0 4 <0 0& @ * H -N E. Helmut K. Anheier ' > :/

0 0 > # + 1 G ( ! (

=(Anheier, 2004:20) H 0 GY c o- * pa ( 9. , G

0 8 @ , : 1 ( E. H 1- H ( H 2A" J .

(Anheier, H0 Y ) 6 O 1 ;3 ( E. , <"

=2004:22)

0 0 J! ) -' ( 5 " 9 / .K

(0 50 " N 3- 9 / M , ( G -'

E.0 ;/ > :/ ,1 &5 - G / ( 1 @

0 0 X + 6- Q" ( @ 5XG

0 : &0 0 ( + " )@" 5XG * . =1 G -

0 G 0 : 0& 10 ] " 4 6 " Y < G

0C 0 G 0G; " 6 E. ; ) *+ ;3 ( K

G / -( @ - )" ( H U 1 - K J./ 1 )? =) *+

.T , ; /S H1 &5 -

55
Q0" ., &5 / - ( 5N 9 / .K

, G ; ; - I ( 5XG '%

0 = 0 G ; ; - M " J./ @ * - .K

1 E. G , / , - G -Q + Iris Marion Young > :/

;3 " 3 ( 6 ! ( 3 ( >! G8

0 / A 3 " D &F G K 6 ( 5N / ,

=(Yong, 2000:158) G

K 0 ( G '% + ) -

G : KN-, K )-

, 0@ 0* G : )*6 \ , )- (

0@ * ' % Q" '/. , ( N K 6 / " 8

6 / " & @ * ,1 *- K ,J./

0 0@ 0* '% * G ' 8 2 3 ,1 *< & I 1 N K

0/ &5 )0C .0* )* : ' *C . '% = *< & - * C )* :

* &5 63 )* M *< & . '% - , ( #

=1

0 )* 3 G : ' % Q" * & &5 ,

10 K 03] G : )C # &5 9 . , ( *

>!0 0/ ) ) )- ( >! / ) > D - ,*

,1 >! )- ( >! *5 * ,4 "G * =1

56
 0 - # * &5 D K I ,> 6 / I

( ) *+ 3 @ * '% M 9 . => 6 (

0 ) *+ 1 6 - I * : / @ * &M * /

( , 34 5 B ; B ' ) ?I M 9.= I

#= (/ = ) =D 6(/ 3 % J" F 2F (/ 6 0 % J8

0 " = ( F 2 F "" D 4 5 )

0K * - ( 2@ E: 2 H( 6 H 2 /8 J./ Y C

=1 " C ) *+ 4 !

?I F FEA 4 1 ? ! . .

M0 9 . , ( G; " 9 / 5

Q" / 8 Q" 4 " 6 6 ( G; "

= @ *

( G + '% M

0 N K / G : F 9. 6 1 "6

0 G 0G; 0 - <! ,1 N K / ) - (

0 4 0 ! 3 ; & 9 * =(

0* '" 4 " 3 . * G 4 " "6 G; / , G; " J./

X 0 0 O " E. 9 . K , F ./ 3 " = C

0 G )*6 '"6 5 " = G ( G; '%

0* - K " H( 6 H 2 /8 2; 3 - (

57
 0 0 @ H( 6 H 2 /8 J./ " & , ( ) *+ ) 3 '%

( 0 =9 0 . ? - - G -> ,1 3 * &K K "

; 03 )*C" * & - " @ + 3 H)*" 6 H ' % 2 /- (

0 - Y0C & 8 Q" \ - K , C ) *+ 2@

" ' % ( 6 2; 3 - ( G

=) *+ ) 3 * K

0 (0 G + '% 5 C -

0 N0 K 5 G : F 9. 6 1 "6

1 "6 )/ =( G G; - <! , )- (

)* 0 : 0 0 &K )* 0/- 3 ) *+ +%@ . F G > X

0 - 0 G )* 0/- )* 0 @ 3 ) *+ G > 2@ =)* @

!0 D0 , )* @ 3 J +%@ F > 5 = G K 8

0G; " , G G; K G; " Q +3 ) -Q )* /-

= G; " / &5 G

0 (0 ) 0*+ ' % Q" 2%@ G H( 6 H 2 /8 2 3

Adam G ) ( YC 6 ) *+ E G 2@ O = 3b ' *

! 0 , 0 G; 1 : " 1 3 2 /- 3 1 3 15@ ; D Smith

O 0G 0 E. , ( 1+ ;3 G 1 /- 3 ) *+ 1+ @

0 " =TBottomore, 1993:426) H . )@ G H U1 - , 8

, Adam Ferguson ,Adam Smith &- + 5 9 / - Pearce Howell

58
(Howell = 0 G 0K 0 " ( ! - )/ ,Hume

0 AC ( -N Dennis H. Wrong ' =&Pearce, 2002:77)

10 - 0 ( 2A F ) C * , G ,1

Howell 0 0 =(Wrong, 2003:7) G " 4

' 0% < - ,Karl Polanyi F ) 5 O+ Pearce

- J 15 6G ( + * .

0G; 0K 0 0G; " Q0+3 . )@ -2 6 &

0 . )@ 0 0 0 F! -N Polanyi 5 Gregory Baum = G

Jon Van ' " =TBaum, 1996:12) - < 3 / (

0 0 G : 2 O Polanyi 5 Til

(Til, (0 G; " @ - - , C" *C"

=2000:19)

*@ 1 '"6 - K - G H( 6 H - 2 /- 3 ) *+ 2@

3] X F ./ & &5 , ( G '% X

0 ( G; )*6 9 6 K N - E. 8 ,( G G;

0" ,4 " 3 . 1 ( G G; - 1 "6 G

'0 0 " D0 =( <; &- *- + 3 G )@ O

4 " 1 5 H( G H1 Robert J. Holton

0 F 0 E- , 0* 4 / )* < - ! , G

J./ *@ 6" > &- 1 5 X G =* # / C8 G

59
 0 X 0 , G )@ 6 - 6 - 2 3

=(Holton, 1992:3) ) " 3 4 G "

=s + 3 + 4 & 1 9< 6 " G - K1 I

@8 F " =t G C " * @ 2 3 4 " G @ - )C

* K " G 2 /8 - H( 6 H 2 3 H' % H * ( G

0 )* 0 2; 3 4 ! K 9 .E : , ( ) *+ 2 @ ;3

0G; ( / G )* : 2; 3 2 3 ( G

0@8 0 0/ ? 0 + ? G @8 - K1 I = 9.

Q0" @8 , 8 Q" E G 9 / 8 ' ?- + ,N 38

)@ )@ >! J E G )@ = G @8

8 ,10 " C ! ( ) *+ '"6 ! 9. =L K &

=1 C K " / + 3 ) *+ ) 3 * K " )* /-

0 " U 0 < " / &5 G @8 5

0< ! * 2 3 " + 9 / K , " ,E

'0 .0/ 5 G 1 '% 2 ; (C - - '" G =u4 &

0 0 ' 0% Q" 9 / - 3 ,E " - " K

. &/ 0 ,
&$( ,
%-!( &'( )(
*+( !"# $%1
,( )6 !7( !&(68, 9
( ) $ (0,2$( )3 4!( 0 5'&( 1
4 1 4!@9
(A $/B 0 1 ? $(0 :4; " ) < = ) ;>(
4 ,
-!C/ )( + DEF&(
)H- ,5& !IB* , EEB 4 02$(* 4 02G#$%2
ONQ+'&(N 1 P2$(J O,(&EK
!( N , $
,&4N &2G KLM
+'(A EB 5%*J
O 4+,T(*P+B 4 02$(P !, 9
'"J O,I! S N 4; D4N &2G KLM
+R
'(A EB 5%*J
O+4+/1 P2$ (!,
VKU! J !"#$
Y5D( , I! S 4;!7" , I! S , I! S ,5,@( 4535()( # ( %& ' ,
$ " WX6+T'4 +/54 3
, \= I!@(6 T M'&( , (&EK
!( 4!7(RY<[Z ,(&EK
; , (&EK!( (!* (%& ' * (
*+( ,
I!S

60
' -! " K N - E. 8 ,Y O " ' % Q" &5

I ,2 ! .K ,) " 2 D = " E- K - 3]

)0 - , 3b " 1 C ) K + 3 " ./ "

0 0 ( " H' H -O ,H " H /

0 - 0 3, ( # G F + 3

= 6 6

, 0 " 0 0 0" G @8 : + 3 E G "

0 o-l (0 0 - " HE H " K G @8

0 @ 8 J.0/ 2 / , 3 ( E. , c2 , c.

0@8 0 " , 0 0 = &- & (! " C "c

.3 T 3 6 o-S 8 Q" K & - 4kG H H " K G

= G 8 ' ?- %3 Ac , ( K * ,

0 , & (! " 4 H H G )@ 8 "

0 2; 03 .0/ O " G = 3 " H H G )@ 8

0 0 0 ? 0 - " . '% - @ , ( :

)*+ @ 0 ; 03 0 & D ,)* 3 2 /- 3 ( ) *+ +@

0 , 0 G :6 3 ( ( ) *+

0 K Peter Moss Alan Pence Gunilla Dahlberg / = 3

0 I 1 5 )/ 9. = 4 4! -' 5

)0 9 . )/ = , + - ( 3

61
0 " G K , " " 9 ,)< " ' +

0 3 0 - ) *+ 3 , ( ! * - GH "H

= G 3 " )* /-

D , # " " N 3- ;3

0 0 GK 0 "6 ( ?E " -@

0 0 + ( ? " - =J

0 + Y 0 0* 0G > K .3- * G 4 G ) /

,0 0 - 0 G; 9 / 5 " " 9 / =

" 0 ' Q" 8 , + G - - "

0 " * G 5 K ] " 4 + J./

D # @ " 2; 3 O " =T , S4

,/ GK / 5 ' 6 5@ ;

)* : 2; 3 K 9 .N 5 , 8 * " &- + )* - -

= - * G; K

2 /- ( ) *+ 2 @ + %&- 2; 3 F ./

0 0 , 0& ,1+%@ 2 + / , " + 3 N: )3

0 ( ) *+ A5 6G D ,J GK * 6 Y Arato Cohen

U0 * G 0 9 . = # ( - "C Y -

0 . ; 0 0 F , ( )3 @ * H

H 0 0 @ > 68 J./ , 4 ! (

62
0 GK H * 6 H ( ) *+ 3 G =TCohen & Arato, 1992:18)

0 " = * J! G, G ( 2 * =J

V.0 &50 0 ( @ > / - Pearce Howell

=(Howell &Pearce, 2002:58) 0 G ( - O /

0 )0 G ( ) *+ ! *M O 8 ./

) 0*+ 30 K , " " 9 ,)< " ' +

0 1 - I * - GH " H " G 9 . ,H * 6 H

= I

0@ * ( @ &# ( ) 3 + YC &8

(0 5XG E. Severyn T. Bruyn ' 1 )G , " -

9. = ; " G 1 E. ( /

(0 ) 0*+ 20@ )G 9 . , + G - ( @ *

- " * ,H G H4 O 5 " * - 1 @ &

)* 06 0 " 0 O 0 -Q + , G 6 4 + J./

- ( 1 ' + / =1 + ;3

G 1 , 8 6 < I & ( 5J

O 0 8 ./ =1 G : 1< & ) ( -

20 ) G : 1< & ) ( G 1 M

0 A0G H 0 " H " )G K , " " 9 , <G " "

63
0* ) 03 1 @ J K 3 I ) *+ 1 - I * -

= - @

' 0% + J &5 1 @8 @8 2; 3 , .K

0 0: ( ) 3 2 /- - H( 6 H 3 1+ @ ( " ;

,E 0 0 " 0 6 6 " - ! = "

(0 ) 0*+ 0* : 6 6 - 2; 3 O "

=* @ * &# 1 3

10 - )/ @ * &K - ( ) 3 K - ' % Q" 5

. '% =! K O K4 " ;3 9. &K )*C" , -

'0 0 - 0 ( 5 )/ @ & ! K O K

- ( /- 1 + @ O 5XG D ,Alvin W. Gouldner

Tcommunal movementS 0 " 0 K ( *@ ' 1- = -

)/ C 6 - ,4 %35 "

06 0 0 " 3 ,O " 15 = G# '

0 3 0 0* 0 A G . .+ A ?, E G

0 0 A0 4 %35 5 O 5 2 C =E G

0 ) O 5N = G# ) *+ D v " ' -

9 0 . 50 N ,E G + C- 7 ) ./

=0 O- ) " : *@ '

64
 " 1 ( K @ 1 M ,O Y )*+ / ./ .KH U

=TGouldner, 1980) H - - )/

PQ0* 0 ( O , 4 ,. :

0 0 )0 ( - -4 O 5 Gouldner N

=E! 0 ( * *@ 68 ,Y 8 , ! " c% a

"0 0 ' - / @ J./ - cA6c 9 . O 5 " /

) ' ?8 O 5 5 " * =/ " &5 * , !

N 0 1 - E- = ! ( K 1 - ( ;

/ - nc ( * - o- O 5

H 068 H 4 ,O , ( 5 = !

0& 50 " = - G 1 ! = G * D

0 0K - 0 G G; K K, * ) n K 8

=T - S

0 - 3 1 @ ; K 1 5 Gouldner N TEngelsS ! #

=E! 0 - , 6 O , nc ( 5 N- , !

' 0I G# ' V 3 .4 A @ 52C

0 0 4 ,' I ( . HU = N

0 10 - 0 0 ( , ! *@ - 2 4 8

; 03 0 G# ) 0@ Q 0 =* 6 ! O+ /

0 / 0 N . 4 @

65
 0 0 / '0" 0 ( 5 " =HV [ E ! ) - Y

"0 H 6H ) 1- ( , G# ) @ Q K - D 8

0 & =L 9. C 6 15N 1 , *3 ! 1 ;3

Gouldner, ! )!; Q< + H@ + H) K , ;

=T1980)

50 J @ * & - - ! K O K4 " ) G Gouldner -

90 0 ! C 6 ( - , ( -

0 J./ J @ & ( )3 Gouldner 5 " =L

0 0 ( G O G H UX G ,! K O K4 " ;3

H 0! 06 .35 - K " 6 , G 6 Z

=TGouldner, 1980)

0 0* " 3 )* /- 3 '% C- ( ) *+ ) 3

,4 0 0 :0 - " '% 1 3 ) ,

H "6 H Y ( ) 3 '% 1 )G K ! - 6

)*G 0 0 N0 @ / F )? H U * G ; 3 3 "

4 0" ) / 0+ 0 0 ? 6 )* - K , - /+

L 0 0" ,1 8 4 " 4 + J./ - G =H ( H UB 3 " ;

, 06 O 0 0 / - G + ) " " , K VA"

K C# , " C , Q ?8 " "6

> 0% ( 0 0 * = ( +< $ -' ./ g

66
 " , * C C 6 F H ( H ) *+ ) 3

.0/ - K ,H) H /- , G; " : ,

=T , ! SH - " .Y - 3 b Q " ) *+

0 (0 ) *+ 5A *- H H ! 1 G ;3 YC

0 F ) *+ )* 3 ,)* K 4 " C ?- '% 1 3

0" . Y - 3 Q " b 15N G O+ * , * C C 6

= -

0* 0" '% 3 ' % Q" 1 3 ( 5 " 9 /

)* 8 , - 1 5 )/ , - 6 ; 6

" Severyn T Bruyn ' = " K 6 15 "

) 0 0 ; 4 0 + J./ - K , G G + ;+ - ( 4 - )? 15

6 ( " - ,) " 4 C -

0 0 0 ( " 5N = 6 V 34 + G4 *

06 - ( - @ v - 6 > - 6

.0* 0 0+ " )* > :/ 5 = " , , A K

*@ - 1 4 + 5XG D = G + 3 + '% ) *+

+ ) )*w n 1 / > ! *@- , " / , "

=(Bruyn, 2000:3) J "

67
 0/- 0 ( ) *+ 3 '% - ,

10 0 F 0 > 0 06 - - )* : " ? )* 3

(0 0 -1 I J )* , 6 ; J - -

, " " 9 , " ' + ) )* M

0 0 - 0 ) *+ 1 - I * - GH " H " G )*

=)* /-

& , ,A ! .

0 0 0 + ' 0% 2; 3 9 / - C ;3

4 0! 0 ( ) *+ 4 ! K N - E. 8 ( G

= = = )/ 6 & ' ) K !1 " C

" =#= 5 6(/ 8B ( ) L 8 ' ) %

0@ - G KO 5 ;3 1 @ ) - 8 @ *

) 5 " , Y 1 ,1 )@ - , "

0 &:0 0 - & @ * N = ( @

G; = ; + -' 15 " * 9.7 4 3 1

.0 4 : ' % Q" 2 /- ( , 8 Q" ,J./ @ *

)* 0/- ( 3 , G ( 3 K

+0 ) @ * '% = , + -

0 10 0 - I * - G )* ,)< " '

= ( G

68
? I ) EA ; . ) ) , 34 2, 6(/

, 34 )/ 6 & ' ) A K % H

8 @ * " ! ( # , 34 ) L 8 ' ) %

- =1 ; 0 9 .0 0 * ( " G 5

,1 06 0 0" 0 G " - ,J *@ 4 Y - G

0 & @ * N =J - - 8 Q"

0 0 0 K ;0 - V ( - " , G 5

0C 0 0 4 0 - G; -N D , G ;3

- 0 0" 0 ! ; " 4 C

- 0 " , ( C4 G; " <! * - ,*

= ; O 8 (C -

0 )0* ; 3 K G ( G ' % 2; 3 -

) ' 5 5 = )- ( G :

1 , 34 5 B ) ; ? # "2 6 & '

1 = )= ="2 = = 8 ' ) %# (/ 9 8 " /4

0 G 0 : =# (/ ( 8 # B 8 ? , 34 5 B

' 0% 0 , ( K - &5 O - <G

9 .0 ,1 &5 J./ / I 1 *< & - * C ' 15

" 9 , " ' + ) @ * '% M

69
 0 ( 1 6 - I * - GH " H " G )* , "

= I

)= / = = 4 6 & ' ) '% 2; 3

0 : ? ! /+ 8 ' ) % , 34

-4 0C K / ' % Q" @ * ( G

I 15 @ * = G ! (

= = )= L 3 G K G ! ( -

% ( - 4A" #/ " ) L 3 % , 34 )/ A 4A" " ) D

= &5 / - ( 5 ;

0 ( G + '% - 9.

( N K - G : )*6 6 1 "6

* Q" / , ( G G; " 9 6 , )-

)* 0 : 0 ' % 2 3 , &; & 2 - G; & / ,4 " 6 6 G; *5 @

'"6 )/ =( G G; - <! / , G; " J.*

0 3 ( ) *+ +@ G > " =F G > 2; 3 )*6

0 G 1 5 ) *+ )*+ " > 9. G K 8 - G )* /- )* @

0" ( ! - ,2 /8 9 ( ) . )@

)* @ 3 ( ) *+ +@ F > = G K

0 G &50 0 , G G; K G; " Q +3 ) - C .

= G; "

70
 0 (0 0 G G; ' % 2; 3 - 9. K CK

E.0 " : 2; 3 G 3 . 1 - <! C-

0 )* : 2; 3 6 6 1 ! E. E , - 1 !

J &5 1 @8 @8 2; 3 = G @

0 3 2 0/- - H( 6 H 3 1+ @ ( " ; '% +

)* 0 @ 0 &# 0 ( ) *+ ' % Q" 2@ = " : ( )

- )* + " > 9., - 15 & - 5, - " )* /-

0 J 30 10 0 G 3 C . '% - , G J!A

0 ' 0% M 9. = * 1 2* J ! 9 . ,)* /-

0G )* 0 " " 9 , <G " + ) " ;

= I ( 1 - I * - GH " H "

) 0*+ ) 3 0 * - ' % 2 /- H( 6 H " - 1 9.

N- ( )* > ' (

, ( G ! ) )- ! ,) *+ " C K9.

0 ) )* " G )* ; 3 = )- 1 >! G :

= + K

71
 F /F F /F E '

" ! .

+ 3 H( 6 H 1+ @ ,1 '"6 ( Y Q ? !

0 3 '% ?1 2; 3 .K =' % - 1 ) ->

N 0 " ) 2@ ./ M ,)* N" N H( 6 H

- 0" ) *+ " 2@ ./ O - = N KJ " K -

Global Civil Society H 0" 0 (0 HY ) 3 6 3: V

0 0 ( ! K ' % Q" N - Y ./ *@ ,TGCSS

H 0 0 (0 HY 0 !A @ D , " "

(Breitmeier & Rittberger, H " ( HY National Civil Society

E- ) " N F H( 6 H - 2 /- 3 ) *+ )3 9 . =2000:132)

=/ 3 1 3 " ) , V 3

Y 0 .* ' % Q" Q K9. H " ( HY *@ N -

, 0" 0 ( Y *@ ,N 3- ) 3 C

Y 0 - Transnational Civil Society TTCSS H 0" 0 (0 HY &

G 3 " =International Civil Society (ICS) H ( H

0" 0C 4 0! ' E. 8 ,* 3 J./ )* 2; 3 K

0 (0 H ) *+ '% '"6 =1 C ( ) *+

Y 0 0 3 )* ; 3 K CM , &- H "

J 0 0 0 + 3 ,J *@ J 1 + " + 3 ,H " ( H

72
 0 )* ; 3 ,J J 9 6 \ E.

= ) 1 G; " ?J

,)0*+ 1 O D , 6 R 6 KE: ./ '"6

Q 0I O ./ !K )/ = * C ?1 K Y ./ Y 9.

- ,Y .* " '% 8 YC + ./ ; 3 "

" 9. " =4 & "6 1; + Q 3 - " E- K!

0K 1 3 * K " ( 6 - ' % 2 /- 2; 3 E : 2 Y C

=1 " C 4 ! 1 )* ; 3 4 !

F 2 F G($, " 5 ($, ! . .

0 06 * 3 )* C+ '% &

)/ 0 3 ' )*C" ,ICS TCS & ,GCS H " ( HY

J 0? Y )/ 3 * ' 8 + 3 )* )/ ? Y

= & 8 Q" ;3 9 . YC ,

0 H 0" ( HY ) 3 Ronnie D Lipschutz ' C+

Y , - U &; & ' 8J + ' J ? 1 J 3 ' J ?

0* 0" 0 " 0 F ./ O - - : , &= ! 3

10 " 0 0 K " 6- ; 6\ 1 - , && = ! C "

x
0<! \ G < V. Q" -) I D "holism" H)! * H @ !

4 PK , &/ PK ,
^,&,
IPK45b W IKa5E_',9
[`GI &H P2G1K] ^ VWZQ5T "H )- 4!2GHolism 4
,,
I*P2$(!f $ +4+7"0H&(- _( G
5c&(!f $
'(h"g! " ,,c6 6 eT
-d!f $ -
!'&6_, g!'(*Kd+4+7" c&4

73
 0 =TLipschutz with Mayer, 1996:1) 0< ; & * ! Q 8

'0 H 0" 0 ( HY ) 3 P.J. Simmons Ann M. Florini C+

0 J 0? 0 0" 0 ( Y )3 HU Y .* * 3

4 " 1" 5 " ( & & N 38

0- 6 - " , J./ 1%5 5

0 ? B 03 06 N a > ' - 8 6 AK =) " >! pa

H0 G# 2 3 ' 3a 9 , " ? ;< &

) 30 C+ Frank Schwartz ' - C-O =(Florini & Simmons, 2000:7)

) 0*+ ) 3 ( & &- H U1 G ; 3 9. H " ( HY

(Schwartz, H 0* O 0 \ 0+ 0 - v\ 0+ 1- " (

=2003:39)

H 0" 0 (0 HY H " ( HY ) 3 ) -

6 @ * , , ; - H UAndres Serbin X G D ,

(0 0 G 6 ,4 38 , 6 *. ) ( ' ?

( " ( Y ,9 . ( = !

H 0" 0 (0 HY Serbin M 9 . ( =H * 3 ) "

0 H U10 ) 3 ./ ' " =H " ( HY )3 J 9 . ,; C

50 1 - * 1* ) - 1 8 & - + ) *+ " ( E @ *

H , "0" 4!2$
(diH(P'(K
+9&(* Helios ,
GG5,
( &c( HfK ,
GG54 &I)%Holism * _( G
5c&(!f $ '(h"#5E
Metaphysics ,
T &()-Aristotle 5\E;K+4 j
,4k ,

74
, 0 + 0 G# N 0 , 0 N U / + 3 + 3 8

=TSerbin, 2003:116) H " N , G# N

0 9 / M TCS Y )3 9 / GCS Y )3 9 / .K

6 o-HU Doris E. Buss > :/ ,ICS H ( HY )3

(0 ) *+ EA , <! , " ./ ) 3 5 , E- = (

* 06 , 0 " F 6 F+ = C C

06 Y - E. ( 6 K A- 4 ) e8 ? @

K 4 6[ ( " . )3 5 = ( / >!

0 (0 HY ) 3 C+ E. Peterson - =(Buss, 2004:74) H4 / @ J./

0 0 H - 0 : Y ./ ) 3 H " ( H H

=TRittberger et al., 1999:133) H

GCS - "c H ( HY ' % Q" ) 3 )?

Y 0 - Akira Iriye 0 " D 0 =ICS Y &- 6 * 3 V TCS

0 J.0/ & - , "6 " ( Y " (

-N 0 = 0 )0 8 25 ) " D \ , &

0 (0 0 0 " 4 *- *K @ ) G @

0 , 0 J./ - =) " + 3 >! 8 " 4 , "

, L =H H4 & - ,H #H o- ,H " H 4A , " ./

40 10 " L - " 1 , 6 ( . y c ,X G

H 0 ( H & M J ' = - KL , -

75
 08 > 0 0* H2 H " ( H H " ( H

0*" 0 90 0 4 0" 6 " ,4 . , @

=(Iriye, 2002:7) .H

H " ( HY ) 3 ' % Q" C+ ' +

- 0 0 Anna-Karin Lindblom > :/ H " ( HY -

). 06 : " ./ - " D = 8 6 ! H " ( H

Y ) 3 C+ 3] ' %a - N , 3 F

(Lindblom, 0 06 ) )* K )* : + " H " ( H

=2005:17)

0 -> 0 1 30 C+ E. Y '% 2; 3 YC , .K

0 8 + 0 =H ( H -H " ( H -H " ( H

0 : 0+ 0& - ?H " ( HY ) 3 C+ . '%

'% & + 4 @ J &5 N J 6 " J " ( )* @

0 9 06 Q0" ?D ,H " ( HY ) 3 C+ .

- )* - )? ,J J 6 " H " ( H &5 4 G & +

( HY -= 6 " &- &5 & - 5 * - )* ] +3

? '% ) / 9 . ,1 3 ) H

)* ; 03 = 06 G8 ( Y &- " " (

= 3 ( C + 4 ! ' 1 C+ E. Y

76
,J 0 ? " 1 3 J 3 ' '% K

(0 0 = 30 C ! E. 8 9. 9.

J 0? 0 " )3 . ' * + ' - - ) M 8

-1 9 - R ' YC 1 56 9. 8= - ) ) C-

0 0 C + " G 8 ./ ,J ? 3 . *

4 ) H= ? = I + M) G($, ? ) )H ? I = ) 3

E = , G($, 6 0) + M ) G($, %. H )

= ( / 6= 0 ) = % 2 . ( $ 4 % 2 ? ) 2 /

=D 4 N H G($, # D N H G($, 6(/ 3% 2 F J" F

!#

)* ; 03 0K K ,1 3 C+ E. Y ' % 2; 3

- / ,* K 6- 1 - " ( 2 "

=1 C

5 ($, ) #( " F 2 FE 2 ! . .

/ , 1 -H " ( H ) *+ 2 "

0 ,' % * 3 + " ( " ,) *+ C + !

)*G + ) YC " ,1 B 3 2 " ' )3 - K - G

= & 8 Q" J ;3 2 "

77
)0* - K H " ( HY O+ 3 G '% 9 / - )?

(0 Robert O'Brien 2A0" & " ,Y .* 2 " +

0 &5 & 1 ;3 D >C o- H U1 - "

1 K Y ./ M Andrew Hurrell - =H) " > - )* O * X "

0 0 . w@ c 9 H K 6

=(Hurrell, 2005:42) H 0 0 0 " U A 3 G & A"

I06 0+ 0 " 0 H U 0K 6 Y ./ M Richard Falk '

H* 3 3 ? + . +

0 (0 M Colin Turner Debra Johnson ' =(Falk, 2003:285)

H 0 " ? @ " 6 HU K 6 *K "

U 0& Y 0 .0/ - Kent Albert Jones N =(Johnson & Turner, 2003:61)

, " 6 , < & , H

0 )0 - 0 -> ,4 ( G ( T C G-S o- , #

.0/ - 0 " 0 =(Jons, 2004:169) H . o- w@ c

' - =(Jacobson & Jang, 2003:56) " >! 1 - 1+ " ) Y

=(Wapner, 2004:262) 2< @ " EA:c E. & 1- " * Paul Wapner

.0 ,0 2 " 2 " &- ( - '% Q"

Y 0 2 0" KH U " ( 1+ " " 1 G 9. &

0 E 06 4 ) # + - 6 - > C+

= 0 # 0 0< " ); & CG - C G8

78
 0 # 40 G 0 506 + ./ J C- 1 K @

=! 0 4 0 - ) G; K 6 < 4

0 .0 > :/ )/ " ( + 2 " ! G

0< * " 6 " K )G F )* 6

.K @ QI <* 6 + O *

:0 ) 0" * ; C ./ , 8 - . G * ;

=T , " S H= " 9 ) J.*

0C - 0+ 3 K ,H " ( H2 " ' % 2; 3

0 9 KH 6 15 " )* ,H " ( H2 "

0 G 0 " 0 0 7 . @

0" 0 7* G * - " ) 4 G 7 3

, 0 ,B 306-H 1 - 1 A" =THurrell, 2002:146) H

0+& ;3 " + 2 3 @

Ann M. 0 0 =(Faist, 2000:324) H Y " +

cAC r , ( pa & , - => ! - &; & > 1+ " M P.J. Simmons Florini

E- , 0 1 - , & =Y K 3 -

0? 0 @ 6 .35 -, 6- .35 ,D & = 6 ,1 -

0@ 0 , 4A 4 -, 8 >C 8 ( / +

=(Florini & Simon, 2000:7) +6

79
10 A 0 ,H 0 ( HY C - )* ; 3 8 2 3

0 0? 0" ,9 0 . 6 , : H U1 - G; " >

0 0 @8 7 " A 3 :

0 0 70 0 ? @ 7 C G+ 3

Rittberger 0 0 X G0 0 =(Mundy & Murphy, 2001:223) H 0

H " H K 6 ( ) *+ M ,Schawrz Shrad

=TRittberger et al., 1999:133)

- " - " ( ) *+ 2 " '% + ) '

0 0& 0 " =) *+ ) 3 * K " )*" 6 )* /- 2; 3 /

, 0< 0 0& , 0 H U1 - 1 A"

> ,4 ( G ( T C G-S o- , # , " 6

U1 - 1 A" 1 /- 2 3 ,H . o- w@ c ) - -

)* O * X " &5 & 1 ;3 >C o- H

& " Y F 1 /- 3 + " )3 8 =H) " > -

0 1+ " > 9.O 4 I " N 3- 2 /- 1 & -,< #

=) *+ ) 3 * - 1 /- (

@ " 6 H U1 - ) *+ 2A" 2 /- 2 3 4 C 9.

, 0 ,B 306- 0 4 0 H U10 - 1 A" ,H " ?

0+& ;3 " + 2 3 @

0@ 8 2 " - YC =H Y " +

80
 0@ B 368 6 1 5 YC & 2 " , ?

0" 0 ( -N , & 2 " 6- ( - 1 - E- 7 2 3

10 - N 0 1 /- 2 3 4 C @ B 368 ( )C - I

0 0 0 ? ? @ ,4 " ? @

= J./ YC @ - -

20 " '% + 1- ,/ C &8 ;3

A= = ,) *+ " C ! ./ , - " - " (

- '"0 G = E 2 # (/ ) ) D F 2F 3 3 O # 2

) *+ 1+ @ ' * - '? 2 /8 ( ( - + " (

=10 " C + J./ K E : E. 2 @ ./ YC & 8 Q" " -

0 * - " + 3 Y H( 6 H 2 /- *+ @ 1 3 " G

" EA:c E. & H U1 - ) *+ 2A" - Paul Wapner ' / ,'

Y0C ) *+ * : 8 - 2< @ )* : '% 2 3 D ,H2< @

" - " ( *@ )* YC " 9. G ,

= -

5 ($, ) #( " 2 ' ! . .

0 10 0 -H 0" 0 ( H2 " ' % 2; 3 K C#

Q "0 ,J K - ' 8 J *@ )* @ 9. + 3 )* M ,

=9 . &8 C"

81
,0 " 4 / 0@ ! " ( *@ '%

, 0 .0/ + + 3 )* M " 4 / @ ( J *@ . 9< -

0 4 ) K - " /@ ! ( J *@ - " 9 *

" ( *@ 5 E- ./ " D ,* G "

0 # / @ ! ( J *@ - 3b )*C" " , /@ 9 C/

5N E- ./ , 4 & 6 / *5 " "

0 ); 0 # 0 5 " D =J 6 J *@ / "

0 ( D J )* - , " F 6 * - "

> 06 0 ) G Howard Frederick - Linda M. Harasim & " =

, 6 & ! ' " (

0G; " 0 4 0G b 6 ? ,1 & E. " ( -D

0 " 0 =(Harasim, 1993:13) < # ); -

.0 3, C ;3 V Y ./ 5 Michael Edwards '

=(Edwards, 2001:2) ) Seattle " 4 @ C /@ 6

< * , " 5 " * Paul Wapner '

,0@ 4 0" 68 5N = ! * @ ) , #

4 0" @ , " ./ 15 , N ! *+ -

= " >

82
H 0" ( H ) *+ - " ,E )@ XG , Y ' -

0 0 " 0 F 0C 8 0 +< ,4 38 *@ -

) 0@ * U /, - " ! *6 4 C ,E + "

=( G 1 1 " 4 /@ ! , < &

0 K 0@ O - 8 ) D ,) *+ ! Y '

0 N 0 J 0 , " F 6 >! J H " ( H

.0* 0@ , h CG / , & ) =4 / @ J.* E G N

); 0 0 0 " 0 - 9 6 C / ,( - >! J (

1 " 8 " , " ( ; ! -! + = "

" ( D 1 5 Martin Shaw ' N =T ,E S

(0 G; K> 15 " = & G " *@ K

0 )@ ( CG G; " C-4 )*+ - 15XG , )@

0 * Kathleen E. White Roland Robertson - =(Shaw, 1997:34)

(Robertson " ( A " ( 5 6G

=& White, 2003:28)

0 9 0* = " - " ( *@ ( " '% (

, " - " ( 6 " G 5 )* - )? ,)*

Y ./ *@ G >! / " 5 )* K

0 G40 <0 ! " - Florini > :/ =J *@

5XG ,1 # , C 8 ) I8 D ,1 + ) @ " (

83
 - 0 " * = !+ *& ) , I - "

0*@ E. 3b < " -N * 7 >! "

=0 " 0; < * 2 - 2 /h ! /, " (

0 4 ! > ' <! 56 " - & 15XG

) 8 " ( + , 6 " <!

" C 4 % ) 8 : 5 2 C =1 4 ) 8 &

20 0 0 .35 ( o- - c " -

0 5 ,YC 1 5 N * ,< K > .I K K # > 6 ( "

= 0" ( * ( ! ! *- : /- & 8

0< 0 4 0 % ) e8 : 4 *@ ? M *-

0K & 4 " ? @ + ( , 6

" & - 4 % ) e8 C , 6" 3 15 =

=(Florini, 2003:135-136) > K K > .I > 6 :

, & 4 /@ O " ( 5 Florini X G H && 4 H * -

=D " , G. 6 K " J . 5 " K

, 0* - '0 , " ( )/- " C/ - "

4 0 ( < K .3 + F GK J./ M

< - C- G 8 ' @ 5XG =E G & , "

> 06 K 0*@ 0 ! 5N * , ) " G9. , 6"

&- " ) D , 6" > ( @

84
(0 HH - " ' " = ? @ 2- 6 3

N 0 6 J./ .3- )& & 6 ) "

1 )@ 2 3 6 J 1G 6 C N -

, "0 S H 0 0 0 - 4 " -

=T

, # " ( ' 9 /

0 " ( 5 " * ,Richard A Falk ' 8 /

0K 6 6 I o56 E. , # 6 K

- (0%G 0b 1- , ./ ( 1 M ,X G =) " > ! - (

)0 e8 ) 0@ , ( C " G 4 : ! #

0*@ 0 0 =(Falk, 2000:55) 4 3 ,4

0" , ? @ & : *@ ( " (

YC HU > ;3 9 .O -( @

0 , 0" ,0 ? @ & + 3 : *@ -

0 D %" Q" G,+ 3 " 4 N 3- ,4

=(Harrington et al., 2006:66) HJ ( *@

0 ! / " - " ( *@ '% + , .K

' 0 - 0 )* : + 3 ,1 " C 4 ! KE: ) *+ ./ '"6

- 0K 0 E.0 ) *+ ) 3 * K " )* /- 2; 3 J *@

85
 < # & )/+ 6 1 5N ,1 "

, " # /@ )/+ J./ 6 J *@ ?, +

/ 0@ 1 5 " = )/+ K * / 6

0 / 0@ ,* /@ *@ J *@ ? "

= '? = & =B = A ?I = " 4 @ C

. H %+ '? 6(/ ) " %F 2F ( / 6 0) 2

!# " ) D # ) NH ( $ "

0 (0 G; '% 2; 3 C - 9 / F ./ K CK

0 0 0 K ./ )* ; 3 GD , " ) ( " - "

=1 ; + & Q 3 1 C / , " (

5 ($, ) #( " 2 "" . .

&- '"6 E. " - " ( &

1 3] F 9 / ,) *+ " C ! - KN- / ,

U - 0 0 90/ & " ,J J 9 6

/ " 1@ ; , O " " ( Y 6 H

, *;3 / *@

( 3b ( Q + ,* , , I6 8 ,

Anheier et al., H " ) K CK $ $ & 2 3

Michael 0 0& " , O ) J - =T2001a:3)

H(0 .0 / 0 b 0 X " w , ( ) - H U1 - Edwards

86
 0 ( - Manohar Pawar David Cox " =(Edwards, 2001:2)

=TCox & Pawar, 2006:64) 1 &- ! "

0 9 06 " ( ' % 2; 3

)* ; 3 , ( * " ) " )* ; 3 G; 1 ,J

0" 0G J 0 6 =J /- " ( &5 4 G N 9.

)0 , ( G; )@ ( 5 )/ ) " )* 6

0 - ( 9 / - '" K )*C"

0 )* G ) " )* 6 " G N 3- - = ) @

(0 0 @ &5 1 O 15 " D ,1 ) -Q + -1 ) E.

J -= " @ ) " ( & )

0 0 & " ,1 < + )* - ,J J 6 5 " )*

=J )" ) 5 ,J &5 4 G 1 ) E.

0" - " ( G; + '% & 9 / -

$0 - 0 G $ K 16 ./ 5 ( , " )

0 0 ? 0& ./ = * 4 ( * G; " &

0 ,T , ?S < 4 " \

=T , S' . - " @ 6; 4 5

* 1 G; " - " ( & " -

0& 0" ( 5 " I , " )

87
.* 6 / &5 * /- ;

1 5 Gideon Baker ' XG & " = 4 : " )

06 0I ) / 4 38 b ( Y - G; " @

0& , @ Q" 15 N =* : G- , &-

" 1 ; 3 E. " )@ K G- O " (

0 (0 50 \ & Richard FalkH U =4 6

0/ / 0 0 G# 4 - : & - ,H4 * ? "H "

(G ( " 4! * ) * ( O -

6 K @ ,Baker X G ,Lipschutz ' - =H (

) 0@ + 8 E H *- ( + * * "C 4 "

4 0 # 0 ( 6 %& " ( - =H

)0 6 *@ D = " 3 6 4 K o- , A3 4 K - ,>

=(Baker, 2002:115) + 3 " " . H " H

0 /- " ) *@ " ( " > b J./

Nicola Piper @ * ,9 . O N N 3- > ] ( QG *

- 0 S 0 ( 15 " D ,E- ./ ( 2 3 Andrs Uhlin '

" ( 5 6G = 4 G &5 ; - T

.KH U' ./ =4 " - " : & " o-

0 0" G M , ( * G; ; /5 G *- *K @

> 0%6 , 06 *5 *+ .K , - = " ) *+

88
(Piper & Uhlin, H 0 0 3 - , : " ;3 1 K E.

10 - ) 0@ 4 - ! " : 5 Michael Edwards =2004:8)

)0 HU > 9 .( 1 , " 6 K ) " 5 1 - )? =

10 8 7H H 1- ,* K HP4 +8 " G

(0 0 90/ 8 ./ & o- A 3 4 < 9 /O

( ;3 ! 6 / &5 ( "

0 O 0 0 6 -Y H " ) H 15XG =

0G+ 0 ! K , ;3 K

) 0@ 2 3 : * Q +

0 " 0 4 0* - 0 I J.* + G Q" 5 =) "

XG = 3 Y ' 3 G 3] ,

; 03 0 - ( - Kenney Germain 9.

0 ( 9 / - '" , 1- , ( * G;

= -

, 0 : ,0 )@ ( , )

Robert '0 0& ,' 0% Q" " ,) " > - ( 6

0 - 0" 0 ( ( " ' ? -N * =O'Brien

(0 0 15 " Florini =TO'Brien, 2005:216) "

0 & E. ) 0@ 0 ,0 O , " ) 6 - "

=( ( * )G 6

89
)0 * 1 G; " - " ( & , .K

0 (0 5 " 8 @ * ?, "

0 , / &5 * /- ; & "

' 0% Q0" 0 = 4 : " ) .* 9 6 & @ *

Q0" + )" " - " ( 6 .

0" )0 6 - " - " ( - M )/ 8

( * )G 6 & E. ) @ K , O ,

B , 5 80 ) 2 I' ' ) ?I !(

/ 2 # (/ ) ) D 3 . H %+ / +

! B , 5 8 +

1 J ) - " ( ' % 2; 3 - C -

) 0" J M 6' Q" - 6G =J &5 4 G N )* ; 3 , <! , G;

J 0 G- 3] ' % - ,1 ) -Q + -1 ) E. )* G

' 0 - Y 0C ( J '"6 YC b " =J &5 J )*

=1

2 .2.2!

06 4 0 ! KE: " - " ( )* : ' % 2; 3

0 0+ 3 2 YC - 6 ./ !K )/ ,) *+ ./ R

90
 0K 0" ,J )* : + )* ; 3 - 2 YC - = .* )* :

=' * - H( 6 H - 2 /8 )* ; 3

C- , " ( " - " ( *@ G; 9 /

. , , " " - " ( G; ' 9 /

= 0 ./ )* : + 3 2 K 1 " - " ( -

0K K , " K " - " ( )* ; 3

Q + - * : " - " ( - ' % Q" " N 38 8

- 0" 0 ( &5 N )* : C - + 3 )* - @ G =* : -1

0 & A" )* =* : - 1 (G - * : 8 ) 1 G "

9 / 5 9. 3] ) ,J 5 1 G " ( &5 N

- 0" ( ./ Y C " =J 5 1

= & 8 Q" ;3 "

0@ 0* K @ . > :/ , @ " K @ '% &

( HU - " E. ; I > :/ = * C/ ( 5

=T , 0; ISH 0 " 4 / 0@ 2 " Y - C/ &8 N & Y -

" Q/ ' 3 ) V ( HU - " E. ) 9.

0 0 ( ! G =T2005a , SH ,6 G

4 0 0@ C & /@ 6 . 3 ,4 4 " C/

/@ J./ '% & D = ) Seattle "

0 0? 0 @ 0 & - " C/ *

91
(0 HY *@ )* & !" = " 4 @ , ( @

(0 H 0 0K - *5 " , C - & J./ KH "

= " C/ " - 6 * 1 6 H "

O ,* " ( " '% : 2 3

. )! K &] " 5 " )*C" , " C/ ' 15 )*"

0 " 0 4 # -N E. Richard Falk ' > :/ ,; 6

+ . + HU 5 / =d 6 " )

5O a - " / Q" K , G8 * >! ' , 1

" ! !+ )@" M , G 15XG = - <! 6 4 C

- N 0 = 0 G# " O - )@ ( N G( 4 6 ? -4 6

K " 1 ,; 6 . )! G " G 2G ./ &

0 8 0" (0 " G 4 KY , )@ Y &] *@ * ; 3

0 H " H A" " N G ! \ =

0 " 0" 0 ( " 6 C "

0 0 E0 0/ H + 8 " H 3 5 " =H + - " H

> 0C+ 9 .0 # > C+ ) ,* H 8 " H

0 10C ) 0 0 0 , @ * 1 1 I6 E.

=TFalk, 2003:285) / " K N!"a - !

92
 0 " H1 - -$ " ( Falk 9 4 @ M

' 0% 0 0 <+ G ,H 8 " H $H + 8

0 0 .* ) K ! H + 8 " H 5 . 3]

- / )* 5 " . Manohar Pawar David Cox ,> :/ =*

0 0 \ , " 6 ! !" , * H + 8 " H

0 0 15 6G =) " F , - G

' 0% + 3 8 *@ , " " , ( * -

0 ! !" = " - O U / 8 J./

o- 0 ! !" =) " ( " + 3

= " 0 06 * F , " O " 4 K =O 6

0 (0 5 " = - V. Q

0 -4 0C 0 0 * 9.= " 8 ! #) .* O "

- , 0 0 " G ( " + 1 G " (

0 + 1 G - ,) " ' "6 ( & + 1 G

8 R O " " ? - '"

=(Cox, 2006:64) # / &

(0 0 6 - > 6 )* ) 15 " * Anders Uhlin ' -

,'0 0 " O , B + 26 K 9 / "

(0 = 0 6 ) " 2 " " " 5 . E C- K

K " 1 < E (G H *@ . / ! K

93
0 B 0+ G " ;3 " =TUhlin, 2002:157) H 6 4 K

0 (0 0 - &5 * " - - K " (

(0C 0G O+ B + 4 6- 3 " - " * , "

0 ( 15 = " ( 3 6 G

0 -D , C G " - 1

0 0 " N- , 0 - 6' " 6 !; 6

9 0 / - 0C - 0 1 =* )* * + *- J./ > 6

0 5 = ( - 8 .+ 56 G 3]

0C - 3 15N 1 , " ( ) E C 6 &

=TUhlin, 2002:160) ( C 4 ) E

0? 0@ 1 9 / 5 " * Manuel Chiriboga V. ' -

9 0/ - N 0 = " ? @ 6 K "

. * " @+ ( ,4 3 (C + GK * G> *K

(Chiriboga V., 2001:73)

9 0/ 0 " " ( : F ./ K CK

)*C" " D = " 9 ? N 3- - " ( - '%

E.0 April Carter '0 > :0/ , 2 2 " ( 5

0 ( ! !" ,4 U ; 3 ) " ) ! !" )/ " ( H UX G

, 0 " ( 6 1 56 ' "6 " G = C +

!!0" "6 , 8= 4 : " 6 E

94
 0 9 .0 = 0 # 0 ) # C R E " # 2 /8

0 (0 </ " , 8 8 =d6 !!" " (

0G = - 2 /- !!" @ 4 / "

(0 = G+ )! ; -4 )8 G C- "

1 =H " 4 # 6- G K 3 " ( J./

1 ) HU - & 3 J./ 1 ; 3 Q" 1 GE 9 .(

0 0@ ( - K( & 6 " - 2 + @ .35 -

=(Carter, 2001:81) H

) 0*+ M0 1 K , " ( John Keane ' : 2 3

- = =; =; ; ; 1" ()3 " (

K - - - O J./ 2* 5N =5 = 3

0" 0 0 (G )* + K " 9. K =) " " ) -

= # " )3 " ( - " = "

0K - 1 ' 1 ' " & " -N D

<0 4 6 )* Y # 3 -N = " & ,2 *

0 4 G ! ) : B + < " ! ,

V 3 - 3 " . C " : < 3 '

N * Hilary Wainwright - =(Keane, 2003:3) " (

( ; 2 & " ( ' 9 / -

=(Wainwright, 2003:238)

95
=$ " " 1 " ( - " '%

0 K1 G " - " ( 5 '% 4 @ + 3

" - " ( -XG " ) +6 "

= & 8 Q" ;3 9 . YC C " G

" " " ( 4 4 /@ > - Gideon Baker "

0 0 0A 3 4 :0 K @ (

=(Baker, 2002:1) ( G; 3

0* = " ) KH H * Q " ,Florini -

4 0& , 0 G 06 , 8 ,< * ,) " " - "

0 " +6 C (C - =/ + * " -

0 " / =* - : ( " 6

0 , 0 0 ! " * " ) -

C 8 !< N K / +6 4 ! 5 X G = $ " - *

H0 0 H 0 )0 - =) " Y 4 "

4 0 ! , 0" < : 9. , " ) +6 " K

= '" - 4 K ) " 4 G

0 - " - C- " ( @ - Uhlin ' "

0 0 0" ( G; " 1 6G 9. , $ " ; G ?

90 . , 0 " " ( - "

96
 ; 03 0 0 E " ( 5 * N E. Scholte K "

+06 4 0 ! ,X 0 V 0C K , 6 * , > +"C > K ,

=(Uhlin, 2002:161) >

0"+ 0* 5 6(/ $D; 4 " < 6 5 "

$D= ; ,4 K < : O K 6 A" * ,9 . &-

0 0 0* %6 , " ,5 2 5 6(/

(Goodwin & 0 0 0 0 E. ( -4

=Jasper, 2003:167)

0 ,! * = " ( * : Mary Kaldor : 2 3

0 & 0 0" 0 ( I ,Wheeler Dunne XG

0 - 0 / ! - - " 1- / ! * - = "

/, " " ( 1 E. E , + 8 ); ;3 G 6

) / 0+ )/ 9 2 2

=(Dunne & Wheeler, 1999:18) * G 6

, &50 1 G " - " ( 8 P2 '%

,0 " 06 , , " F 5 " 9 / -D

0 " 4 5N E- ./ = 2 2( 4 I * - "

0 B < 0 3 V 03 l 3 ! 4 G 1 " (

0C 0 4 G , ( 4 6h ! ! ) 4 G

97
 0 (0 " - Oran R Young " 9. =THurrell, 2005:43)

=(Youn, 1999:11) '& ( / 6(/ $D; - o- c "

- )? ,J &5 " - " ( 4 8 5 " 9 /

9 6 , &: * '" - " ( - 6G Simmons Florini

" 9 .( * = @ * ) G "

0 @ )? K " ( 64 C & 5

0 <0 B 3 Florini =(Florini, 2000:11) * 6

)0C F 06 / ,TCarnegie Endowment projectS I : F 6 *K

0 0< & < " = ( 4 "

0*@ 0 . '% H U = " ( N G " ? N

6 '" ( 5 G ) ) " > -( ( @

2 ( - 4 ] " )* & =) F !

D0 0 8 J.0/ )0@" =* " '? -! " 6

0 0" " - ,4 (

( @ ( 6 K @ . " =

0 G , *" =4 4 B + * @" , G#

0" 68 J./ *@ 2"C 4 G " ( 6 G

=(Florini, 2001:29) H "

98
 0" - " ( '% + 15

)* ; 3 = ( KJ ? ' 4 @ + 3 ,J &5 4 G N

K " )* /- - H)*" 6 H 2; 3 , @ * , J &5 4 G J

(0 10 0 - I 1 : & ) *+ ' )3 ,*

0 (0 0 Richard A Falk ' : 2 3 & " =1 G

4 0@ J &50 N 0 J " ( K @ D ,' % J ? "

0 & H + 8 " H1 - E. " ( 5N * , <+

0 # > 0C+ 0 ) ,* 8 " E

) 0*+ ) 30 = @ * 1 1 I6 E. > C+ 9 .

0 # 0 ! !" K " * , " ( 1 : &

4 :0 0 ! # - (G 1-D = "

4 0 0 3 ,4 ) e8 ) @ , ( C " G

0 + 0 .0/ ,d6 " ) " 4 # - " =

9 .0 0+ 3 , K' * K /. ) K *;3 " 1 :

=' % J ?

,J 0 ? 0 " ( 1 : 2 3 Uhlin ' 5 C- @ ;

0 (0 < E 5 " * ,Falk :+ G- 1 @ 5 YC D

& ( )3 6 4 K "

0 8 Q" * K " 5J ' + / = ( 1 :

9. , " ( 3 6 G (C * M # Q"

99
)0 C 6 6 *5 N # " < N K G

10 - 0 = ( C 4 ) E *5 1- K " (

0@ 5 " * 9 .( G; " ( G )?

= C G ? - " - C- " (

# (/ ) ) D B A ?I ) ) . H)

6= 0 0 ) 2 2 ? , (/ 6 0 % D 4 + 8 3 2

=3 =2 # (/ ) ) D 6(/ 3F 2F (/

!+ # (/ ) ) D B , 8 2 %+ 8

8 , , A ! .2.

( 06 0 10+ @ ,1 '"6 ( Y Q ? !

0 N 1+ @ ) - " , V 3 E- N + 3

0 6 3: V - " *@ - ) *+ " 2@ ./ = 3 E-

0K '0 Q" N - Y ./ *@ ,TGCSS H " ( HY ) 3

0 !0 0 Y 5, " " ( !

=H " ( HY H ( HY

0C Y ./ ' % Q" Q KN- " ( Y *@

=(ICS) H 0 ( H - TTCSS H " ( H & N 3- ) 3

06 0 0" ,1 C+ Y E- ' % 2; 3 K " N-

" ( Y ) 3 C+ )*C" =) *+ " C 4 !E: R

100
)* : 0+ 0 0 " -, ! C " -, 6 Y - ) *+ 1 - 5

5 " ( Y ) 3 3] C+ = 6 ) )* K

" , J./ 1%5 5 - 4 " 1"

0" 0 ( ) *+ 5 - =) " >! pa - 6 -

N 0 , 0 N 0 U / + 3 + 3 8 5 -, C

0 ( HY ) 3 ) - = " N , G# N , + G#

= H " ( HY H "

: 0+ &- H " ( HY ) 3 C+ . '% ?

Y 0 ) 30 0C+ . '% 4 @ J &5 N J 6 " J )* @

06 G ,J J 6 " J &5 4 G 6 )/ D ,H " ( H

0& - &5 & - 5 * - )* ] +3 - )* - )? ,J

' 0% ) / 9.1 3 ) H ( HY -= 6 "

(0 Y 0 0 &- " " ( ?

= 6 G8

0 10 0 -H 0" 0 ( H ) *+ 2 " '%

) 0*+ 2 " )*G + ) ' ,) *+ C + ! / ,

* K " )*" 6 )* /- + ) / - " - " (

0 ? =J K - ' 8 J *@ )* @ + 3 )* - =1 3

0+ 3 )* M " ( J *@ . 9< - , " 4 /@ ! J *@

" /@ C/ J *@ 5 )*"C " D , ./ +

101
0 , 0* G ' " " 4 ) K -

0* 5 0 " 0 " # / @ ! ( J *@ - 3b )*C" "

(0 *@ / " 5 )* , 4 & 6 /

=J 6 "

E. " - " ( 9 . '% +

0 J 9 6 8 )@" )* ; 3 \ ,1 ) - (G

0 " ) * 1 G; 1 & 3] E. ,J

; & " ( 5 " I ,

0: 0" ) .* 6 / &5 * /-

0 06 =J /- J &5 4 G N )* : 2; 3 = 4

D0 ,10 ) -Q + -1 ) E. )* G ) " )* 6 " GJ

) " ( & ) ( @ &5 1 O 15 "

J 0 0 J 6 5 " )* J -= " @

=J &5 4 G 1 ) E. & "

= %F =2 F " (; 5 ($, ( ?I

= = 5 8 "" + %# 2( N H %+ "" %+ '

!# 2 ) D # B ,

102
 M5 ' ( ( E ' 5 ($, 6;

" !

) 0*+ 0 2@ 3 C ' ./

C + E- , C + = ? @ (

10 ! 2 3 6 - ' % Q" N ( 2 6 ) 3

0 10 D E. ? @ Y *@ - " , 3] ' % N

J.0/ = * " 0 C *@ 4 " , ( ) *+

" C ! / * 4 + " *@ - " ,* R 6 C +

=10 4! + 3 4 -1 4 * 3 ) G J./ 8 7) *+

Q0" > 0 K 0 ) 3 C + ( (

U 0" 0 E. ' ./ 8 + " 9 . =* C &8

YC K %F# / ( 5 ($, 6; H

0 ,F5 ($= , F 6 , ) 3 C + J./

D0 %NGOs F = =M5 ' F G($, $ 6

Y 0C 9 .0 , ? @ ( ) *+ YC "

= ./ "

0 * : 1 ) E- , 2@ 1 " -

0 0 .K = * - * /- 2* ? @ ( 2@

=4 ? @ ( (C M H ? @ H2@

3 ? @ Q" ) 2 YC + 3 & 8 Q" (C /1 )

103
,4 0 ) ) " / / = + 3 2 /-

,( 0 = * /- 9 * 56 - : / * " :

0 ? g * ) *+ +@ H *" 6 H H -H -(

$0 ? @ Q" * 3 9. * : )

0& + " 9 . =2 @ ./ YC - * 56 &8 C" \

"" # M5 ' ( ( E ' " E.

0 K * 506 - 0 : ) 3 + " K5 /= (

* 0 0 3 * 0 - 3 H ? @ H Q" * 3 ) *+ 2@

0? 0@ 0 1 4 ! )/ ) *+ 2@ 8 9 .= + 3

(0 2@ ./ Y C K " .* ,1 " C 4 ! KN-

10 Y 0C 0K " = & 8 Q" ;3 ? @

R 0 06 0 *0 0& K1 *@ Q"

0K " 8 Y 2 /8 +3 , #

0 + ./ 6 = ? @ ( ) *+ ) 3 *

0 K 1 ;3 " , H FQ F) H 8 2 ? 2

0 0 0 *@ & " ' " 4 + 2 "

0 * 0 0 0 0 . " 6 F 6 .3 ) 2

0 *5 / / @ 6 F 6 2 /8 " , :

0 6 = ? @ 9 . G; ,' C # 4

= ( = "(2 E 1" 4 2 F M 5 ' FE '

0 ? @ 2@ ) 2 YC K 1 ;3 " D %

104
 = 0 0 =4 0 2 /- * "

0 K 1 ;3 " ,4 6 F K G; %F)$ Q 0F (

E.0 F # ./ * + - < 6 F K> 2 /8 "

0 3- = & !- ' - 4 C 4 K 2 * 15 A

5= ' F 5 / 6(/ 5 8 F5 F ' ++ / ( + ./

,4 0 0 - *@ K -D - -2 " K 1 ;3 " D %F M

? @ &5 / *@ )/ 2

P -D -' - *@ 4 8 *+ @ ) 2 , ; #

0 ' 0% 1 9 6 ? @ < - K 4 6# I

0 0 , " &- '"6 ,) " 2 3 2 3

0 ? @ 1" 2; 3 9 / K ,) " N 3-

105
 #/ ( 5 ($, 6;

"

4 0 0 ( " + ; )3 2 3

)0 - )0? , /( * ! ) - 2 C - , ( ( -

)0 1 - K , " + ; ( ) *+ ./ - . *@ ( +

0 0+ =) J *6 E. / ) 3 C 4 + 9

N 03- 0 *@ ,) 3 Y ( Y " )

0 *@ 4 - ,1 + 3 -1 4 )3 a G J ?

=H ? @ HY *@ - "

0 ! 1 30 V 0 H ? @ HY *@ - .

F0 / ! ( , @ " 4 6 ? @

0*@ ( 9 . ,1 " 2 " + ) ( ,* ( / 6

4 0 - 0C" *C" 4 )3 G * + " *@ 4

0 (0 ) 0*+ " C 4 ! )/ E. 8 , C" *C" 4! + 3

=1C ? 4 !

, 30 0 C ) Q I ./ C" ! -(

- 0 (0 ) *+ 2 6 * 3 ) J./ Y C "

; 03 / . = C + J./ YC & 8 Q" > K ;3 ,1 2 3 6

Y 0 0 !0 2 3 6 -2 6 3 C YC ./

106
0 ) 30 !0 KH ? @ HY *@ 2 " , (

!0 + & 9. *+ " & / , ( 1 G;

=* -

F5 ($, F

N 3- 9 * ,1 3 ) E. Y O H ( HY

J.0/ *@ ) ,1 4! 4 )3 G -Y .* - 4 )3 G

.0/ 0*@ 0 0 YC H ? @ HY *@ " K

.0 ! 0 0 6 , ( Y 1 - 2 Y

)0 ,Y 0 .0* 2 " + 1-H ? @ HY *@

, 56 E. ' 1 " Q I 4 ! )/ 1+ " +

1 30 - 0 K N - ,H ? @ HY 1 " 2 " + )"

,)* 0 E.0 H20 " H 0 : - : - - '%

=)* /- -( E. 2 " / )* ' 2 "

0+ ) 6 K ,Y ./ 2 " + ) 2G

0? 0 @ HY 0 0 ' 0% Q" / " G + 3

0 0C + N 03- 4 0 =* ! 1" ? 3b )*C" / " ,H

J.0/ 0 " - 0 R 0 06 0 '"6 KE: * + )

= + 3 > 6- " * - )- > 6 O + "

107
 0 !0 '% 3] F K CK

0 '0 0* - > * ! - 9 * ,H ? @ F -H

=/ > * - ! - 9 / ,* G#

0+ 0 1- K 6 1 3 V ? @ Y - )?

< * H *- ? @ 9 2A"c & " ,1+ "

3 ! ,< ,> + Y ! !" ,4 " 2 +3 6 ( a 3

,(0 8 "0 H U1 - 9 N =H( )! o- , 8

0 0 0 ? @ - K 6 o- ? @ Y

0 3 0 A 0 , - <! 6 " @ ? @ =

=(Carmen, 1995:13) H 3

O 0 0 0 " H *- ? @ 2A"

90 0 @ * & H 6 2 /8 Q" , O - " "

Bingham Blackmore, 06 0 ? 6 ) 9 - 8 ' K2*

=T2003:155)

Q0" " - - K ,H ? @ H + " ( Q " )

=* '"6 ! / * 2 " + ) YC &8

D0 ,+ 3 K ,2 " '%

,H ? @ HY K2 6 Q" ) 3

0 , 0 J ? 1 2 9 / - @ G =1 /! -

108
 0*@ 0 &- > K ;3 9 .Y C " ,J ? 1 ! -

03b )*0C" 0 *@ N 3- & - , J./ ' % Q"

=* !

HD & F HY H ? @ HY 2 '%

0* - 0 0 ? @ K 6 ' % Q" - Tim Doyle ' " D

F0 0 0"G 0 G; " 9 / UD & F - @

=(Doyle, 2000:74) ) " F B 3

1 30 0 - - "c , 6 HD & F HY ) 3 3: F 6 G

B 03 F 0 0 J!0 ) 1 3 ) = " 4 Amitai Etzioni 8

(0 - Evan M. Berman William B. Werther Jr. N D ,) " F

6 , *K ?F , ?F G ) F G B 3F G

Wolfgang 0 0 06 =(Werther et al., 2001:3)D & F K 8 Q"

) 0" 0 T 0 S B 03 "G @ 68 K Helmut Anheier Seibel

E :0 D 0 & F A5 * N =D & F , @ F / ,T S

=(Anheier & Seibel, 1990:1) 0 I " * G 2< @

? , 3 , " ! - " ! ./ ' % Q"

(Anheier C +" " 3, O * + - /

=et al., 2001b:6)

109
9 0/ ,D & F ? @ Y 2

0 + 3 ? @ - " E. Norman Uphoff > :/ , * !

0 (0 D 0 & F 0 5 , C - ,D & F

0 &- B 3 F 3 ? @ - " ,B 3 )"

=(Uphof, 1995:17) G1

06 HD & F HY )3 , ) 3 2; 3 !

Y / HD & F HY - " D , ( Y 2

UX G 0 E. Jacques Defourny' / ( Y -

0 G 0 ,D 0 & F 0 "< ) *6 , H

J.0/ 06 =) 0" F 0 E B 3 F "

=0 2 3 F " , @ /!

2 "CK , G !8 + 3 AC ( A o- " & 4 &

=TDefourny, 2001:1) HJ "

Y 0 H 0 F0 HY 2 - 2; 3 C -

0& .0 = J./ ! ,H ?F HY HD & F H

F0 H U10 G ; 03 0 9 . Jeremy Kendall ' *

0 0 " 6G ! "G ? -D & -,

T S2 1 3 ) T -S 2 " 2 ' ) 3 =(Kendall, 2003:1) H4

H 0 F HY G 9 / = &; & 2 1-

" H UEvert Gummesson X ;3 9. -( HD & F HY

110
P. " =(Gummesson, 2002:120) HD & F 1 , F ,Drucker

06 0& 8 ) / 0+ 0/ " F Y F Y - O'hara

=TO'hara, 2001:150) 2 /8 . ? @ K 4 6[ " a

10 5 H M Q $" H Y Wolfgang Seibel Helmut K Anheier 2

"G @ 2 Y ./ ) 3 G - " , -Y

0@ p0a 6 HD & F HY - " =) " F ,B 3 F

(Anheier & 0 G 0 0 Y 0 K @ >&

=Seibel, 1990:7)

F0 H HD & F H H F HY . '% K CK

0 J./ !A E. Mark Lyons ' > :/ * ! H ?

0 0 ,4 YC G 4A Y C ) o- E C HU G

F0 0 0C ? - C -' @ / D & F

0kCn+c Y SVoluntary sectorR / $ Q $" Y M ' .* =HD &

0 - , ?F ' Y ./ - ,4

30 0 H 0 0 G H 6 " M , - ( G &- 4

1 " 15 " 1M O 9 SThird SectorR 8 Q $" Y -= !

0 >!0 0 0 @ 9 pa 6 D & F 5N = D (

0 SNonprofit SectorR M Q $" Y = " G - "

C< + 8 Y (! YC 6 ( D & F @ KH 6 1

111
 0 0+ Q0+3 & ,N 38 < ( (! Y @ J./ & , * + )

=H> C 8

.0/ 50 @ D & F Y 2 / 4 , 34 Y - "

Community R CS = 2 Q = $" Y 0 - = " Y

0CK 3 cA! D & F @ K c 6c Y SSector

03 , G 3, & 4 6 o- 4 I @ K

,0 " 0@ 0K 06 10 K F / 4 , 34 H Y = + 2@

CO = 2 = ' 0 -=0 0? 0@ 0K 0C# , 0 @

D0 & F0 0@ 0K 6c 1 K " ./ SCommunity OrganisationR

= = ' Y - " =4 I 4 " E. 4 I

4 0 )0*+c =4 " 1 , "6 " SCivil Society OrganisationR CSO

)0*+ H 0 ( @ H 5 " D ,D & F @ ( O 1-

F 0 0 @ 5 8 Q" 1- )? =D & F @

=TLyons, 2001:9) )*< # *< C - 4 4 I

= 5= ' Y 0 ) 30 C+ IMF " 1 , - @

06 Y ./ TCivil Society OrganisationsS CSOs

0 > 0C 8 0 ( 4 " " HU K

(0 0@ 06 =( C " K &5 - 3 (

,0 " , , # * - " , UCSOs

0 O 0 & 4 => 3 O , 6 : ,TNGOsS ? @

112
, 0 ' !0 - , + 8 C- T A6 4!* -S F

=TIFM, 2005S H); # <

0? 0@ HY 0 0 2 " '% + .K

0* 20 3 -1 6 3 ) 3 C 9 . ,H

D ; &0 J./ ,H " @ HY H ( @ HY &

N 03- C-2 6 )3 G - , *C" 2 6 )3 ?

Y 0 H ?F HY HD & F HY H ( HY &

4 0 )3 G J./ - )? =H " F HY H G H

, 0* ! 9 / 9 . ,* 2 ) - '% 1- K -

)* , - 6 &8 * 3 ' * ! )* 9 /

0C+ H 0 F HY , - 1 3 F6 H ?F HY -

0 * 30 ) 0 H 0" G H H " F HY , 1 3

0@ - K ,) " + 3 * 3 ) J./ ( - )?

* 30 )0 &- HD & F H H ? @ H -

0 / ? ' " '% ) 3 - , ( Y K CK , "

=* K 6- -

0* ! ) G -2 6 * 3 ) G C + , .K

4 0! KE: J.* + " + ) - ,R 6 4 ! KE:

113
 2 5 ($, A ?I = ( ) *+ " C

= #= (/ ) = ) =D # ) (; N H G($, F 2F 3 3

, ) 3 C + YC G - " !) 2 2 ? E, 60

0/ J./ F - - ! + '% YC "

=H ? @ HY

M5 ' Q )

C- ,! ) - * ! F ./ K CK

0 ! )* : ' % 2 3 =H ? @ HF - ! +

>0 H ? @ HF - ! - ,H ? @ HF -

- = ) > * - ! - = / $ 6(/

= > * ! - 9 /

$ > + 3 ? @ F - 5 " @ *

Korten '0 ! 0 , ? @ F - @ : , (

- Lewis X G D =TNGOsS " - o- - E.

5 =NGOS " - - (KortenS

0? 0 @ !0% a ? @ 8 -, 8 5N

5XG = + K4 6 &?# 3 )% a , / &?# *;3

0 - > .0I + + @ * 9. 2*

06 )/ 0 ? @ 8 )@" ,N 5 o-

0 " 51 G =1 . ' 8 " * + Q - 2 +3 G:

114
,4 I0 ( 6 * , & - & ? @ 5

0 0 0K * + K ? @ " D , .

1 - Lewis =( 6 . fn3 2 * H( H !%

0 'r ? @ K ) - , " *"

, 0C - 6 F 6 4 K * &- 4 ! ? @ J.*

0 0? @ =E " KH H * ? @

0 " " H ;3 * A " 4 G J./ ; 3

0" - K( - a ? @ - " && 52C = .

0 zz H < K : I K " ,1 " E. (

8 4 + 9 / 1 5 Lewis YC =)@ - 4 4 -

0@ O 0+ ; 03 - + 3 - -N E. Senillosa ' 4 + J./

0* 0 - 0 && - Alan Thomas ' XG =(Lewis, 2001:89)

e 0 a, 3 @ * 6 ,H4 @8 H

=TThomas, 2001:3) , : I ) {nn

H0 0 0? 0@ H F 0- ! N 3- @ *

Willetts Peter !0 & " , ) ' H ? @ H

0 9 /J @ * ' = I V ' @ F -

J.0/ 0& - 0 =;0 " * 9. " @ 4 A

=National NGOs 0 0 ? @ ; > - 4 @

,TINGOS ? @ ? @ ( qa & 1M 1-

115
,TNGOsS ) 0*+ 0 Q I N K - " = G

, "0 < - 1-N = " - - ,A ) K 6 .K "

06G c o- 3# ); # < , 8 ) 3 TNGOsS 5

= " 6 " ) G# A TNGOsS ?8 8=

C- / -' H ? @ HF -! K CK

'0 20 3 ,J./ @ * ' ./ ,1 ) E. ' * - ! -

Y 0 H ? @ H - Mark Lyons ' & " =/ -

0 ? 0A " "+ @ *K 6c , - " c

* 3 K 4 6[ , ) 3 cY ./ - 1 + G 1 ,

0 Y 0 .0/ - @ 9 .( , 3 ?

=TLyons, 2001:9) C - @ 8 ' ?- 6 <&

- '0 Q0" : ,/ ' H ? @ H ' % Q" !

0 40 *@ KN-, ' 4 H ? @ H

0 0 D0 =' 4 9 H ? @ HY <; ) "

)3 - 6 NGOs ) *+ A5 Mario Padron ' 5 Lisa Aubrey

A- N 0 1 5 X G =' 9 E- ,H ? @ H C 6 )<; ?

=NGDOs ' 0 < K 0 ? @ *+ " ) o- ' ' < # @

0/ GROs 10 0 ,GROs TgrassrootsS 4 @ /! ) -' *-

K 4 6[ "n a "NGOs" - K 6 5 2 C =grassroots 4

0 K " " K * K : \ @

116
0A NGOs ? @ G! ) , 8 ' ?- 15 " =

9 .0 = < " G; " HQ 8 H 3,

) 30 0 C + )/ NGOs ? @ H) " H ) 3 -N *

0@ ? @ ! 9 / =TAubrey, 1997:23) NGOs

0@ 9 / - John Hailey N , "( J 9 ?

? @ )* - 3 )* 6 Q + D , < # ?

=(Hailey, 2000:318) * ; &: < #

2 0/- - ,H ? @ H ! - G 1 ( G

0@ - 0 : 0 ? @ ! "

0 0 Y .+ ,+ 3 - 2 /- *

@ 9 * ,F O+ @ J./ ( O - 4 6# I C- , * 56 -

0* 0 , 0< & /" > /> 6 K ) @ 9 / ,4 )h "

0 3 * 06 ? *5 M * 8 2; 3 )? ,+ 3 -

0 0? 0@ H D ,H ? @ H * -

0 8 0/ - .0 + ; 03 (C3 + 3 5) , " ?H

* 8 Y H ? @ H 9 . ,H @ H

0 " ) 4 38 5 *@ G ,H : - @ H

/ 9 .( =L ===H # H -H H -H H 2* h Y

Q0" 20 @ ;3 ,* K " * /- * - ,1 ; 3 +3 > ? K

- 8 )@" + 3 - H ? @ H

117
>0 ? 0 * +3 ? )* , )* - " G = * 56 -

0+ 3 ?- * K " + 3 2 /- * H : - @ H= K

0 "0 ='0 ./ * . & " ' " 6 F 6 4.3

2 3 )* - 2 /- ? @ 2@ ) 2 YC

= & 8 Q" ;3 2 @ I !

0? 0 @ 2 " C + , ) 3 C + C - - "

0 b "0 , ? @ F - ! + 9. ,

./ & / ? @ Y ( YC

P *

8 2 ? 2 F M5 ' F G($, $

=NGOs H ? @ H ( 1 G; ( ) *+ &

0 (0 0 N 0 K 0* - 0 H0 0? @ H K @

0 (0 )/- *- " ,(Prendergast & Plumb, 2002:329)

0 F0 - D0 & F * 2 ,T :2000 , " ; /S

0 0 0 ( Y 8 & / ) ./

=1 " C 4 ! 1 '"6 K E : E. 8 , C -

90 1 3 E. 2 " ? @ 4 /- + "

0K 0 4 + ( + " -9 9 - )? ,

9 + > ,) " E # , 3 8 , + V. 2; 3

118
)= = =/ H U 0 K 4 06[ ( Y )3 J 9 .( , #

0 @ 9 -N D !FG 6 0E 4 5 ' M5 '

K , 3b - *< C - ) G / " >'" Q* , " 4

Y 0 06 9 = 3 -, -, -, -, & - , G; 3-

,0 0" 0" U)C @ 4 KH ( @ H

,0 3 0@ , 8 , " , ? @

=T2006c , 9 SH : , " , @

,1 N K 6 H ? @ H - " @ * 2; 3

0 ) = ( ) *+ * 6: 6 ,1 )/- / "

0 & " ' * " = ) G F ./ 2; 3 ./ & *6

H0 0? @ HY 3 * 5( ,4 )8 O 5 )"

0 H ? @ HY ./ ,4 8 " !A K NGOs

|
=(The United Nations Charter, 1945:17S 4 )8 & 6" + 4

, @ F - 4 )h ( E G O G; I 9.

=E 6 ? @ 4 9 >

0 1 " > ,NGOs H ? @ HY - Peter Willetts "

0 3 9 6 *G & ! 4 % )8 ' )

0 c, , 3 ) 8 F -( -N = , @ 9

%, - .* 8 ;*@ ( 9 E$&( 9
,"
!(l!m4 WK) &/ *1 ? m&(N L+7&(0B Y , "5
L &(] $
lK
; nZH4!m4 + _G
K&I ,
(* &2$ 8 ? m&( H4!m4 + 9,
"!(di%* _f V )- V+( ^D&(6)$ '")(/0 &1
N WX@(1nNL+7&(0BN 5b 8 ;*@(+'6 * ,%K &2$ 8 o&^
< h(n

119
0 0 G 0 0 - I = ? @ *- 2 "a o-

)0 " 4 + - K G; " " %" Q" 6- =TWilletts, 2002)

=(Aldrich, 2003:130) " 6 ? @ *@ G

0? @ ( G; " " F *6 - , .K

- ( N K ? @ .K & ./ ,

? @ Y *@ K 1 & *6 ) F ./ ,1 )/-

" ' " 9 . ,4 )8 & 6" + 4 " ! 8

= ) &

& , ,A

9 0 * ,1 3 0 ) 0 E. Y O H ( HY -

Y .* - 4 * 3 G * ' % 2 3 N 3-

J.0/ ,H ? @ HY *@ " K *@ ) ,1 4! 4 -

Y 0 H 0 0? F0 HY 0 ,HD & F HY 3

Y 0 H ? @ HY ,H " F HY ,H G H

0 ! . '% - =H " @ HY ,H ( @ H

J./ ! - )* ,* ! + + 3 J./

H 0 ?F HY - )* , - 6 &8 * 3 '

Y 0 ,0 1 3 C+ H F HY , - 1 3 F6

= * 3 ) H " G H H " F H

120
 0K 9 .N - ,* 4 + " *@ KN- + 3 *@ -

- 0C" *C" 4 )3 G J./ 8 ) 3 C

J.0/ 0 R 0 6 KE: 8 ./ , C" *C" + 3 * 3 ) G

= ? =I , 0 (0 ) *+ " C 4 ! KE: ,1 "

?= )= = 2 =/ =, 2 5 ($, A

F = 2F ( / )/ /) # 3 ) %# (/ 1 2 . ( $ 4 % 2

!# (/ ) ) D # ) (; N H G($, 6(/ 3

Y 0 .0/ 5 ? @ Y " -

+ ) 8 ,1 ) *# 4 ! )/ E. 8 1+ " + C-

H2 " H Y .* 1 " Y ./ ) 3 " , 2 "

=1 6 1 /- 15 E. 1 3 E.

2 3 , ? @ ( "

N 0 K 0* - H ? @ H K @ , ./ " 4 @

8 0*@ ./ ./ ,1 )/- * - " , (

Y 3 ,4 ) 8 O 5 )" & " ' * " 4

06 " 0 + 4 4 8 " !A K NGOs H ? @ H

0 ? @ Y " E- 9 / ) 9 . G ,4 )8 &

0" 0 E- - , ( Y Y ./ 9 / )

= ? @

121
, 0 ( 0 * ? @ 2 " 2; 3 K C#

)* : '% 2 3 H ? @ HF - ! + 2; 3 C -

0? 0@ H F 0- ! - H ? @ HF - !

0- > * - ! - , / > H

0K * ! 9 / ,/ - > * ! - 9 / - ,/

0 2 0 F ./ K ! ) , )- K E-

0 -2 0 .0/ " = < # ? @ @

0 &:0 0< # ? @ )* - 3 )* 6 C +

* 0 0 8 Y H ? @ H 8 ,* ;

0 " ) 4 38 5 *@ G ,H ? @ H

/ 9 .( =L ===H # H -H H -H H 2* h Y

;3 ,* K " * /- * -H @ H 1 ; 3 +3 > ? K

O 0 8 0 0 + 3 * - H ? @ H Q" 2 @

= * 56 - -

0* 0" ./ *@ C + J./ ( - - E-

)0 ,1C ? 4 ! 1 " C 4 ! ( ) *+ '"6 ' E.

J./ ' , & " ' " E- ? @ Y *@ " K *@

0 0 0? @ ( - 2@ C +

= ? @ Y *@ ( *@

122
 5 / ( "" # M5 ' ( ( E '

" !

' % Q" 6 & "+ V; " -E (

0* K 0 0 H( 06 H .0 + - )* /- H "6H J " , +

0 0 " 1+@ ( ) *+ - @ 9 . ,1 3

'% 2@ - ,)* 3 2 /- Y 3

( )>; ) *+ ) 3 " )* + / 7H)*" 6 H "

'"06 K E : E. 8 ) 3 ./ C " 3] ' % , H( 6 H 9

H ? @ H 2 "c 1 ( ,1 2 @ ! ( ) *+

0 )/- / " G , ( / " G ,NGOs

=* ( !3 8 Q" G , (

(0 ? @ ( - 2@ *@

- 06 F 0 (0 ,0 & " ' " ? @ Y !

) 30 0 - 0 : * K " 8 - 2 /8

0" 0C ! ( ) *+ * ( H ? @ H

( - 2@ - 2 YC + ./ ; 3 / . =) *+

,0 0 : - I ( I 2 , ? @ Q"

Y J./ , * 56 - Y @" Y I I ?

Y 0C 20 @ .* 1 YC K " P 2 @ I ( I

0 8 4 * K " Y

123
=0 Y K " *5 / / @ G , : ) 3

0 0 : 10 ) 0 ( -( - K 4 6# I N 3- 4

, 0+ 3 *" 06 * - * ? @ 2@

N 03- 4 : =/ & 8 Q" ;3 2@ ./ Y C " K

=4 ? @ ( (C -

H FQ F) H 8 2 ? 2

' 0 0" 0 > 4 K " 3 H H 5 " 9 /

, 08 ) ! 8 4 -D , " )@ & "

4 0 06 e- ,' * " " )@ - C " I "

=T , + S

0 0 & " ' " 6 ? @ *@

4 0C &?M G; 1 5 G' >* " / *@ ,'

8 * , 9 ) + >C 4 ' J./

F 06 2 0" H( 6 H 9 ,+ 3 H( 6 H 2 /- 3 *+ @ )

=Marshall Plan 6

0 - , ! 6+ " & " ' >* (

0 )0 3 06 0 - - " , C4 8 4

= 8 8 4

124
 06 " K1 - * -4 G - 4 63

0G - " ,* + 6 K - * - G! ' "

)0 ! - > 9.= -

George 06 V 0 0 8 0 3 ! K Ac E. , 6 F 6

0 8 X 0" ; 0 10 - 1" 6 " F 6 ./ 2 c G =Marshall

YC =TEuropean Recovery Program (ERP) I - G Q * S

)0 ! 0 0 O 3 / " 6 J - E. ' 3 ;3 F 6 2/

0* 0 ) 4 A5 5 - 1 3 1 - )? ,

0 3 2 / - K H= C + ,O 5 , + ,F ACH ; o-'/. AE- C

6 / 8 2 /H U G 1 3 ;3 YC F 6 > 8

0 : 0 - D 2 @ *@ Y D G

=(Marcshall, 1947) H4

0 10 ; 3 " E. 6 F 6 2/ - '% & N-

0G = 0 8 ;* 0 ( 3 , 6 / 8 > 4 K

0@ 6 8 4 8 4

Organisation for European Economic Co-operation 0 8 E 0 G 0"

= - * 6 , K @ J./ > ,OEEC

,T 0 8 E 0 G " : S 6 : 6 F 6 OEEC 56

2 6[ B 3 6 9 6 A " ; < @ O 5 - E.

0 " ' " -> 4 # 6 F 6 4 K , (!

125
) - @ J./ ; K )" =(OECD, 2006a) &

Organization for Economic Co-operation and G " @ 2 "

=H ? @ H( ( " )C ,Development (OECD)

0 > , G & R @ /

C - , ( ( " *< 6 K . *5 C - , # @ (G

0" -O " ;3 ( N 4 " G; * 5

0 G " @ 2 " =(OECD, 2006b) 8 62

(0 H /8 , 6 F 6 2 /- * 6 ) (OECD)

0 (0 4 /- @ " , ( * * H

=TOECD, 2002:1)

0 0 *5 / /@ G 1 G 6 F 6

0 " ' 0 0" * 6 + >C * *< 4 K -

06 A0 * C N 3- H( 6 H K2* 8 , &

0 0K 06 F 06 * G = 8 ;* ( 3

0 -H U 50 YC - D 6 ' 3 ;3 9 .O - , 6 8

C - YC =H -4 (G -( G Q "

1 0 # O: K -, '! 8 , H U1 G ; 3

H=4 C "

0 3 B 36- 3 >C - - ,Gordon O.F. Johnson N '

0 ] 6' 8 8 " * - .+ 6

126
 0 " ) ) , & @ G Q , 6 F 6 MHU

0 / G > 4 #1 3 - 8 : ,

2 0 ( )3 " 4 } 9. " = "

=T , SH .+ >6 # 4 #

H> 0 ? H 0 >0 ,H ? @ H 9 3,

08 0 0 ' 4 C 8 + >C &?#

& ) = ;* ( 3 6 " + 3 H( 6 H 3 2@

0 0 ) *5 / /@ G ? @

2 0@ I ( I - -D H( 6 H 2* 8 , #

0 YC H ? @ H &5 ./ O " , G#

= + ./

0 0 2 0G X 0" - G - - " 6 F 6 .

0 . 6 F 6 .3 8 V. . 8 . , * G-

0 " * 8 , 3Y , 3

\+ D )* " * - ! =* 3 , G 9.

0? 0 @ 20 @ )0 & , & " ' * " 3 ;

=4 " Y

!0 * 5 # *"G 8 C + 2 "

0 " 8 ! - 6HU * "

127
 0 J./ - b - =E * - >C 8

0 0 8 # G 6 8 '/. ) && & - = "+

4 0 K C# 9 . = ; - ] Q 8 Q 8 6

0&" S H 0 # 2* : > C# G #

=T , 8 C +

0 8 H 4 H M Wirn De Ceukelaire "

N0 K 0 0 - = * " * / &5 K *

X G0 =E 0 0 + Mobutu 0 ) 0@ 0 G ?-

4 Q G Y 6 ; 5 Ceukelaire

J.0/ + ) T I S <! 5 N = 9

0 06 *8 I M J =/

=(De Ceukelaire, 2004) - 6 ) ) -

: 9. .3 , . 6 F 6 .3 K CK

H0 0 ? @ H 3 . F 6 ./

0 0 " - 0 0G 90 . . = 4 K 2 * *5 9 3

0 H( 6 H 3 3 -H H H ? @ H

0 : 3 , 4 9 ,/ =+ 3

0* 0 @ )* ( =' % &

* " ,H ? @ H &: * 8 / 9 / - ,

=TGPF, 2006S 3Y )3 @

128
 0 8 0 0* , 6 F 6 K *3 " : &

06 F 6 K " *3 5, # *"G ,A USAID

~
Truman 0 4 # 0 (0 8 & " ' " -> 4 #

=Administration's Point Four Program

* 0 O " * 3 - : .3 , 6 F 6 ?

0? @ 6 8 J./ 8 Q" + = G

0 0 8 " & " = N 3- - , "

0 3 2 0/- K2* * ,* * /- Q" USAID

0< / 0* - 0 , # *"G , * + *+ " ;3 9. , 8 3

) 0 = 3 ! " 3 * +

4 G Y ) # 4 3 4 .+

3 ( 6 ! / 8 3 5 *- D , 8

6" 4 8 ( 8

=TUSAID, 2006S

Thomas W. N , ) " 1 ) / - -> 4 K "

4 @ " 3 / -> 4 K *c , 6 F 6 - Dichter

0 3 4 + =(Ditcher, 2003:55) ) " K 3 * /

6
-!'&(* ,
$T( ; H&(+4*>"g+H D4 ,
c4! B , /; (L+ D&(.*!@ 5% W *!"L; =p T G86;B q G !6
.*!@&()&E 0 B di%j(
Z b4Kr (;& E Q&EK ;s-+"j 8m@4* 0('(a7G K8,
&/)-L !,T(Q*+(j( ZL>H/B*
5ct` &'E* P W *!")c4! B ?,^! ()t - u \ ()- ;5(q G !9( '6!( \T $(j(Z9 DG0E iH6
> &(!,v0B 0 +(j Q5 7( '6!( \T $
(L+7&( 4 5(
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/point4.htm

129
TXS 0G 0 4 8 ,TINGOS H ? @ H) / *@

./ > D , )" 6 4 )h ( E G O

Q 0I 0 ? @ c n"ar G+ O A:a ) @ -H U

0 - (C ) ./ =TUnion of International Associations, 2006S H J./

-@ G =Peter Willetts " H @ HY YC

/ (+ D F+ - )" INGOs ? @

0 "c 9 . K C# =(Anderson, 2003:36) ) .000 K )

D =TMutua, 2002:37) D & ) " ? @ 3 )/ * 1-

6 ! < *- H ? @ H K @ -

" " K .+ 3 4 + =

=(Moser, 1993:194) ? @ ( "

0@ ? @ ) / 2 C & " 4 +

0 *" ! ) 4 F - 9 @ D , /

Stop S $ ) 0" 0 0 2 "0C- 6 + C ? @

=TViolence Against Women, 2003

Y0 - 6 F 6 5, 9 & Q" Ceukelaire X G

0* = 0 * ;3 9 / - )? 4 + K 4 V.

' 03 Y - + K V ' G r(%c 8 G -N

0 " ' ' - - K 9 ,' 1 E.

0 K4 > ( - " * = K 4 &

130
)0 - ! D ,' K - /! @ 6 I )

8 4 2 /. ' .* 1 - N * = < 6 >

, & I /8 . 3, ] K $

= G ) .+ > K -

Y *@ , ) " 1 ) / - -> 4 K " , .K

) 0" 0 0 ? @ 3 )/ * H ? @ H

0 0 0 < *- H ? @ H K @ -D D &

06 / 0 4 ! ? @ J./ & 3 - )? , 6 !

0 0 2 0* - K, - 15 D & ) " (

90 K * 3 ) 6 2* ? @ J./ " 3>

= J./ 6 * \ ) 6 > 2* -

= "(2 E = 1= " = 4 2 F M 5 ' FE '

Q0" > 0+ 3 K ) 6 * 4 ' >* N -

20 @ 0K 0 9 / " ) D ,H * 6 H4 - & *" - 8

2 0/- *+ @ ) K ,4 8 J./ ? @ "

=4 G; * N 3- -

/ XG , 6 6 - ' I 4 ' * (

, 0* 0 8 *G + -4 ' * ( 1- ! 2 >

131
0 * /6 KH U G 9 . HL *H Francis Fukuyama + ./

0 I 0 0 6 8 * 9. L

0 * (0 10 - Pearce Howell N =T , ! SH # 6 3•

0*@ 0 = l *5 *@ 4 '

06 0* 5 , *5 4

1 0C - * + ./ = @

(0 =Francis Fukuyama *? 0 HL *H & 4 * <I

=0 0 F 0 ,antistatism 0 4 " , 4 G 1- 3

HY 0 )0 H ! !" \ + 1- ( K @ 6

=THowell & Pearce, 2002:4)

0 0* - .0 1M G+ 4 )8 1 K 6 '

0? 6 ? @ ( ) / !4 ' *

J0 + 4 ! J./ =(Mango, 2003 3:1624) / " 4 !9 /

0? 0@ H( ( 6 ./ ' + 4 *@ &

0 (0 J0 4 0! ' - & ' % Q" =* ) / ./ H

03 ) *6 - B G; 1 / 6 H ? @ H

=H4 H *@ 9. -

6+ * ( ) / ? @ " 4 ! ' % Q"

( @ ( ) / 4 !H U - Alnoor Ebrahim ' " D

0 ? @ J ./ ,4 ' * " 1 :

132
 3 ) 6 - , 8 = " " F 1 5 *@

0 ? @ 5 N 3- =4 E G m

&- ? @ K , " : & - 4> + 3 ! *5

0 0 E 4 )? ,> + K "

0? @ ! eA a 4 - " * =J @ * ' ,9 .

0 0? @ IC ! E. 8 , *

=TEbrahim, 2003:1) H 3 - K * (

6+ ? @ ! ) / David Lewis

)0 0 & C " > &- ! ) / 9 / 15XG D /

, @ , ? @ ,TNGOsS ? @ 1 \;

0 F 8 J./ Y ; ! O " =

0 ) / -N = N 6 @ "C

E.0 6 9 K k K *@ , ? @

= , 34 ( A E. H4 - H & > &- J

0 4 ' " C- " G 1- N =HY ) H

0C , 0< *c &?# ! "G ? @ *;3

0 0/ 0 /4 M E. D & F ) / , D

) 0" 1 G; ( ) *+ ) / A F )fy - " =

0 * / C- I G 6 !% ,D &

=TLewis, 1999:1) 4 38 D & F

133
 B ? @ 4 ! Sheila Carapico

0 (0 0C - 6 ? @ ;3 ) *+ -N * =

&- 6 , 6 " $ B 3 F -4

=(Carapico, 2000) & : 3 3 3(

0 *6 - 3 ) B K @ M

20@ E. , + ( ) .* ) ? @ ) /

* 5 Pearce Hoewll " =1 /- 3 H ? @ H "

4> 0+ 0+ 0 ,4 *@ #

(Howell & Pearce, E # E 0 G 0 0 0 3

=2002:89-90)

0 KV , 4 @ *5 2 4 K4 4 @

90 . 06 0 %3 3 3 C+ , 8 Ar K

30 Q 0 0* 9 .0 ,Y G- *;3 2 * G ' 8

,0 0 " G- G ,4A ! = G

<0 3 8 \ C+ 4 3 =

0C+ =E " 3 -)3 G , ,E G IC " ,

4 /" - o- @ ;3 2 8 " IC 4

0 : 0 1C ) 4 '/. = 9 " 4 @ &

&8 * 6 = 8 9 9 & G

134
' 0 0 * ( * G " ]( , @ ? 8 4 )G !

=4

( 0 0 O- A ? ,4A A5 4 "

) 0@ , G- +# K 6 ./ , @ G

0 = 0 G 0 G- 6 %3 , G- " , G- C

0 J0 5 "c D =' - N G -9. 4

0 3 " U) " ;I K 2 * *8 " K 3 4

=) 8 3 3 4 *M 4 -Y+ = 8 )3

Y 0 0 K " * @" 2 /- 4 * 4 -9.

0 H ? @ H " 3 2 /8 J./ , G \ -

0 )/ 0 0 ? @ - * ,H H> ?

0@ .* 9 & : Q" GM & 6

H 6 F MH 2 " * - ;3 4 > # ./ 26 = ?

* 0 H 6 F KH ) 4 8 J./ 2* -

=1 C - / G * - K , * !- V 3

F)$ Q 0F (

H 06 F0 MH 0 0 0 H4 0 0 H & G; 9 /

v )0 0+ =4 0 4 -15 38 ) D Washington Consensus

, - , & , G F %c ,(LACS ; -

135
 0 G; *" : 6 Think Tank H> 3 O H >C -

0 - 0 10 ! - E. ) ) K 2 * ,F ./ - K ) , 6

0 0 0 !- '0 0 G ; # (LAC) ;

0G8 0 S 6 - ' Willianmson Johon , 6 3 = &

4 06" 0 8 B 0 3 F # 4 T C 9 < 5 f&rnc

(Drache, 06 F KY )G - Willianmson 9 . =TBurki, 1998:1)

0C U 0 & ; # 4 6 4 / 4 6" 8 =2001:1)

,) 0 " 0 8 0 0 # 0& > 6- < 6" +# -1 ,

"0 - ,4 0< + "0 - , C 4 ( 6 * '< C " Q +3

> 0I # , 3 3 , 6 8 & ,4 , 2

=(Bloom et al., 2003:58) C ,V 3 3 ! >IK "

0 G ; # 1- F # ./ K ) G 1 - )?

& - K= J./ 1 2* - * C " !- '

0 J.0/ 5 " , 4 -1- J 6 F #

F 0 K 2A0" E.0 0 / + , > :/ = G * -

0 0 ,4 0 4 0 U0 > # K G 4 -H U1 - 6

,)@ 8 , N / 2 " , " , -

,0 4 0 2 /- " + ! ,B 3 F K )" F

0 J./ - )@" 5 " =H C, C \; K , ! !

0 E 0 G " @ 6 N G 4 " 6

136
0 0 O - *5 9 *+ G = :

1 L 8 / ;3 & 5 " = B 3

0 0 0 G Y E G )@ * 4 8

=T , /S 4 4 3 3

06 F 0 K > K K , 6 F K K 1 )

*0 + 0/ 0* ) " * @" ? 4 I

)* 0 & N- =4 + %4 > # J./ & - ,*

0K 0 G8 ; 8 G # ( F # ./ -

- = 8 " G > ?8 * 4 " 4 6

6 6 F K C 6 4 G "C 3 ; - 4

0& $ 0& 8 G !8 F # .* *6 =(

0 8 D =< 3 6 F K 5 )/

= 6 F K

, 06 " F K\ G K ' % Q" 6 F # *

0 0 6 F K \; M Joseph Stiglit 5 Hans Falck X G D

0 - 0 2 0/8 8 4 U 3] " 6 " F K\ G 9.

B 306 H U - " 6 F K / + =TFalck, 2001:169) E G \; #

0 " 0 " / O- - K B 3 =H4 C 1 + C 6 F K

0 23 0 06 F K - , 4 + 4 G 8

137
, + ' c) , - 6 F K ? John Williamson

0 ; K 4 6 (C 6 F K 4 +

! 0 : 8 4 ! E- , 6 6 K * -

0 8 ' ?- + *- ( 6 ) a G =Bretton Woods

0 0 ? \; 0 K 0 - 0 4 0 0* 5 *+ G =4 4 - *-

0 N 038 2 03 5 * 6 -2 " 1 =TWilliamson, 2004)

0 0 4 0 ,< , A3 4 3K C ; * ( * G;

0 0 0 # Y 0 56 G C- * 6 - K CK =

=TWilliamson, 2002) 4

H0 0? @ H) 3 - 6 F K 6

F 0 KH 4 0 )* - ; # ; -

0 K 0K 0 6 F K - A 1 - Kendall W. Stiles N ,H 6

0 0 &- 4 G 3) - ? @ K 8

H ? @ H Q" - =(Stiles, 2002:9-10) 4 + 3+ G

40 0 4 - 3 - * 2@ ./ K1 G ; - 3

0 XG , 6 F K1 9.= 6 F K 6 >

, Marc Williams Jan Aart Scholte Anne Marie Goetz Robert O'Brien 0

!" XG =TO'Brien et al., 2002:29) ? @ 4 6 C "

0 N /. + 3 8 4 -N Carl J. Schramm 5

138
 4 ' " 8 - : N 38 ( 6

=T , S 6 F M 2 " ;3

Y 0 - E.0 9 6 F K * 3 )

D , ? @ " 3 4 ! 4 4 *6

0 ( 06 1 9 5 + 3 ( 6 3 * 3 ) 1- @ -

0 Q" 0 &5 1 C3 9 K * =*

,H4 0 0 HR C " 15 1 K1 , 8 4

= + / 1 E. 6 2* ) 15

U 0 # 10"G 0 0 ./ Q" K 6 1 K1 9 "

1 159 " J./ Q" * " " ! E. G H

=T2006a , 9 ) H4! ( 6 Q"

0 0 - K ,1 2 " " H HO :1 - 1 + 2A" 9

0 0@ O 3 +: / 9 = 3 4 )8

C , : , : , " >6 [ 9 /

0 : / , 6 ! ! ,2 8 " &

& ( 6 K C# , + K2* * * " 2 /8 ' =

Bretton ! 0 : ' ( d6 - G =1 "

0 10 - - G =! : *- " * 6 ,Woods

139
 9 56 - ! : M Baum X G ' =

=TBaum, 2000:71) G + + C ** ) ) " G G

0? @ 5 ( 6 @ 4 9 ) / !

0 0< 0 , ) , * "

(0 D 0 a& &- )" = ? @ C 9 * ( 6

0 J.0/ 0 , ? @ ACn 9 * ( 6

=(Carmen, 1995:13) 2 K ! <

Y /: 3 C+3 Q G[ 6 (C 9 -@ ;

U 0 # 9 (G > ,4 < ( : <

N 38 + <& ) 9 6 , ) . H

20 +3 0+ & (C -' = > - 2 +3 @ '

90 S H = T Q $" . ) , 3 4! + 4

=T2006b ,

, ? @ C ( 6 9 ) / 4 !' -

(0 B 3 F 9 6 - , 3 C+3 * Q 1 6

0 0 0* K 6- 4 2 /- .+ 9 )! G; 1 ,

0 90 . ) K ,2 /8 J./ H ? @ H " )3

0 9 2 " ' + / = - + H KH 6 H> ? H

Y 0 ! !" ,4 " 2 +3n 6 c( a 3 < /H * - H ? @ H

140
(Carmen, H( )! o-, 8 3 ! ,< ,> +

=1995:13)

0 ] 06 ' !8 " + , 3: 9 . 26 G

0 * ; 0" 0 10 Y 0 0 0 9

J.0/ = 9 " TSAPS TAdjustments Policies StructuralS

Q0" 9 .0 0 G Q" ,Giuliano Pontara , G ; "

Henry Kissinger 0 E 0/ 8 3 ! )* 36

=TPontara, 1998:1)

F M5 ' F 5 / 6(/ 5 8 F5 F ' (

0 G 0 ; 0+ 0 4 3 " K, - D - -

0 0* 0 " * /- , " " &

10 3Z 0 0 - ) 0" A? , " ( ,T S

0 4 - *@ A 36 8 "yCc = $ I

0 8 O < 0 '0 3 " 4 4 8 J./ *@ D =H' / # H *

0 HU 0 - 0 06" G ,H' / # H 1 ;3 - E. X V

=H 9. C ( , " '/ # 6 G K G K pa c1A ar

J.0/ O 0 - H 8 8H 8 4 N 38 4 8

0 0h 4 HU " )" J Q 8 4 4 8

( 06 0 GM * - C4 C X 4 K -D =H 8

141
 > D * 3 4 +3 =H4A " H E G \ +

The White House, S H 0 *0 + - ) -' 4 ) 8H U

=T2002

)0 0 4 H USAID 8 ;3

0 8 4> 0G , # *"G H 8 , G U

0 • 0 2 +3 8 * @+ , b H U> D , 4

450 H H @8 @ D ,H ; # ( 6 H 6 * , #

= " = H ;0 # H 0 0/ H " H , ( 6

=TUSAID, 2003S H M5 '

0 - ,/ 0 6 4 ' ; 3

6 F 6 H U - Gordon O.F. Johnson " D =H' / # ' H ;

0" 0 " 0 8 / 6 = " - K

' "06 32 " 6 '! 3 -Q )< G ) @ / , & " '

/ 6 - @ . 8 - ' = * + ' "6 &-

0/ # 4 K . 9< - - ' b = + 6

20 + H / 6 F 6 2* =)*" 2 " ) " > -2 3

0 0 H " 2+ H - b ,) * 6 H "

=T , SH ) '/ #

142
! K! - ,H' / # H4 4 - *@ , -D - "

Q0" -0 0 9 . ,4 4 F A 9 M5 ' FY ) 3

0 =' / # H ; # ? @ H Q" 9 .

0 0? 0 @ H Q" - )* " 9 / D ,' % ./

=(Pillar, 2001:52) H / [H €> ? " H ; #

, ;0 # 0 0 H ? @ H " &5

) 0G ' J./ N K =' &- *@ &5 ./ ,4 4 h I

@ Q" 6 + ' 4 )h ( E G O 1

, 8 4 & @" Q" > ?

;0 # 0 8 0&?# 0 (0 D 0 0 & , @ J.* H / #H (

9 06 H ; # ? @ H & E. 8 =Twww.un.orgS

0* -0 3] ' =TThe Financial Express, 2005S H' / # H *

E. 6 3K K, l - D - " ! 6

- 0 , ;0 # 9 3H ? @ H " K1A

0@ 90 K ) =H / #H ( -1

=H' / # H

- ,' 0/ # * * ) H ; # ? @ H Q" .K

)0 K ,' / # -1 5 *K) 4 6 3K)

=M 0 0? @ H M ,' / # ./ ) 3 * 6 (C

0 * 8 4 9 H A 0

143
vT 0 > ? @ S BOND G =' / #

\ 0+ 6 G , ? @ )C /

0 8 0 > ! Z , 8 \ ./ =H' / # AC ' H K

H 0*k 0 0 " H K4 4 ! C ,H' / # ; KH

p0aH K '/ # 2 3 c)A c 8 # 5 ; # 2C ,H 8 * H K

0 0 0 ? @ ( O H= G; " . 3 4

0? 0@ H 0 0 0 C ,BOND \ G 8

0 0 - 4 0 " ,4 0 3 J.0/ 8 H

0* / ! 0 # 0 0 ; 03# H 1 506 H' / # 3 H 8

=(Bianchi, 2006) H * ;

0 0 9 ,H ? @ H - ,9 . K CK

4 4 8 .+ 4 *+ @ ) , 8

0? 0@ USAID O 0< Andrew Natsios 20 G =H' / # H "

0 F .H 0* 5 4 0 3,

A5 c 8 3 4 + 8 'C? 1 5 G =H 8

? @ *+ )/H + C = &?# 8 )@"c > 8

0 0 0* - 0 *0 + 2A"a - I &?# H - 6 =H

0 36 ) 9 .D ) .K / =H 8 3 N G- G; *@# 8

0 0 8 3 =(Natsios, 2003) > 6 K )/ !

* 3 9. " , I- 8 ) 4 + ? @

144
J./ 8 4 2 D 9 / " * 5 " 3 2 /8 "

F0 90/ 0 ? @ N Z; K ) =H' / # ' H 8

= " 4 *

Colin 8 3 J - E. ' 3 ;3 2 @ ./ YC

0 o-H U G 8 6l - ? @ & ) - Powell

%6 4 & / ? @ G; C- - 5 EA

=TPowell, 2001S H )* >!

0 ! ( ) , 8 4 * " , I-

k0 - N 0 D0 =Wirn De Ceukelaire 0 " * # " "

0 =)*< - ) a 4 + 3 " 4!< &?# " 8

0* ,NATO 8 62 @ 4 G ; AG 1 5H U1 -

=> 4 K 9. " c9 6 J./ H A 3 GK > 4 K H

=H 0 0 0 ! , 8 4 G J./ ,9 . 4 ;

0A 0 = *; I - !I 4 % 5

= , - ,' " ; > 4 #

6 1 2* ) 6 F 6 , H 1 - Gordon O.F. Johnson "

B K KE: : , / @- +

6 C' \; " B D , * "

E. 8 ' 6 K 8 ) 4 )/ ; " 4 # 8 +

145
N :0 D 0 I- 9. 8 M , 6 C &-

=H' / [ 3 K O # B + B

40 0 30 , 0" 0 ' ; 3 1 - De Ceukelaire X G

0 " ;3 I- D = ; 8

o- ? @ ; AG ! G " " ) D = # "

1 M .* = C '] I 4 )8 A / (G 9 . =4 % ) e8

0 0" 0 , " 6 ? @ &-

=TDe Ceukelaire, 2004S 4

D 0 - 0" 8 ? @ 2@ 2G )

40 0 * K 2 * + 3 H( 6 H *+ @ ) , ./ -

0 - )0 3 ./ 3 :6 3 H( 6 H 9 , 8

@ -, KX V . = @ 9 4

0 0 0 ,* 4 + .3- . 8 3 !* 3 <6 <6 ?

•
0 0 0 8 3 9. " , @ "think-tanks" *" 2

0 0? @ H ?# H 4 / @ 6 5 & Q" " =(USAID)

=TCommittee on NGOs, 2006S 4 G) K2*

L; m( E,D( 4 bT
( ,9
TD&( m, "! E 0E;*e,\ ( /K Q m 1K)-; c- K
* 7, GP+T4 w76+H' 7
i%L !,@4 l!VK DEF *y
K ,,
&4 IB I!@( W ,
tB { vK)- 4!cD'( !9 &(6x
e9"
!y"
* 4!cD'(z( &(*
<,7"} G
= 5'D4 4i( (| ,M
T&(* ,4!2$
(a &'(0 +y
") ( &2$&(j( ZM
+7x c@6z\ &(
,
E,E , f5"*

146
 0 0 8 30 ? @ ) 3 & ' C

KH 6 H K " =‚ - D 3 :6

0K 0 0" 4 ( H - )

2* & ) - "G 4 38 D 8 5 " 9 * =H

5 "c D =4 >+ Y < 4 &K * 2 * K , I

0 ? - 06 06 A , ? @ * % - ,F 6 C

0 (USAID) 0 8 G1 3 6 4 6

@ 4 ' * !* 8 5 " 9 / - =

.0/ =H ? @ H * + ? " ; ; 4

10 . 0 8 ! ;" ' H *5 H ? @ H + #

=T ,4! ? 6S H 8 F . H *5 + ,H #

0 0? 0 @ 6 / 8 4 -@

0 , " 4 + = * " H ( H " ( 6

( 6 /- & 8 8 4 - ,Pearce Howell XG

=(Howell &Pearce, 2002:89-90) (

a;k5(?,^ ;W I)D, ^
!(_D-$* 5c$ ,@"
54 I E^ !(zS!" ,E^ !( &V5I?,^!(L!-aHG8 * P )-8
~, -
5I5G4 P K• j 5c$ ,@"54 Q5 t +HS*€ !65IK)G• 4!@" )-`&"j( *B ( 5m( ~ , -5I5G4 ;5c,
-
`45 ( ,G• (5/0,2$"0" 0E7(! $( k<(• (9 DGj(Z 4 0( ,7S!&( 4KWKw, t* • 9D$6
q^ G‚ - ;j(Z_4+GD *5c$,@"54 `'- € • 9D$ 6~ ,
-5I5G,(Y5 " ,
R G( (5m()-* !9&-5G)G• 4!@" )-`&"
,'( &c7&(` !% 2&( 54 ,• <•+'6 l!VB , G!I*B W+&(*| ,,
I)- ;'( !%2&(`'( +G* 6 G
`,56 J !H„ D( €!4 $
4 )G•W5GI )- H 5G T 6E)- 6 G <( (• (
5/`• +t* 6 G q^GaC( ƒ6
Q*6 ( 5I0H$,
6 &H&( , 9$
/B , @( +4+'(…+7(!bt , G!I*B ,
D,^
;5c$,@"54 ;5c,
-, (
5"0" O|, ,
I

147
 0? @ 8 4 1 - E. ) / ./ M

0" 0? 6 4 1 ; 3 2 * ,H K > ?H *@ E. ,

0 8 40 8 8 ? @ " 2@ K

>0 0 0& 4 8 J./ , * " 6 * ; YC -

06 * =H) " * /Q - KH

8 4 ! @" 4 * , " )@ I J &- )

40 0 "0 0 K N - ,N ! ;3 = N ! 3 KN-

0* /Q 0 K> " H* 6 H -4 H* -H 8

0 0* . 1%- Peter Gowan , " 4 1 =) "

( 0 ,' E -) , K> * 8 ( ,

= 0C 8 4 pa E G I %6a a o- 6 1 ;3

0 0 G 9 K c\ ./ )q*n 1- N

0 ,E 0 # 6 F 6 4!A c 68 8 26 = "c ) "

2 @ ( , 8 A , 3 ' K *

=(Gowan, 1999:304) E b 6 * 8 6

0 - K> 4 4 - - HF 6 H *@ ' *

-, 0 206 ,4 8 J./ )/ ) " * /Q +

= 8 F 6 ( 6n +%& *c

148
 0 0 * H ? @ H 4 3

J.0/ 0 0? 0@ HU -X + ' + " ,4 8 J./

0 # 0 TNGOsS 0 " , # " . @ "

=T ,4! ? 6S H 6 *G + ) 8 6

8 9 3H ? @ H Q" -

.0/ =H 0 KH > ? + 3 H -H H ( 6 H *+ @ )

,/ ? - , -, # G1 8 " 1 > I

206 0 > I ./ = @ 9 ?1 E. 3 &8 > I

0 0 0 > ! Q" E. 8 , 16 & <6 <6

L 0 HO 0 ; MH ; K K O F K ! !" :

0 0 ! K4 6 4 1 ; # %D qr D , l l

Paris Declaration on Aid , 2005S 0 3 )* 0 06 0 ,4 +

=TEffectiveness

0 H ? @ H " +@ H 8 H H( 6 H "

N - , 0+ 3 2 0/- ,4 @" * 3

0 0 , ( ) *+ 4 4 E. Y ./ '"6 K

0 0 '"06 KH ? @ HY '"6 E : - "

=4 4 *C" ( ./ D H ( ) *+ H

149
 8 , ,A

0 0 (0 - 2@ - + ./ ; 3

, & " ' " ? @ Y ! ( *@ ? @

>0 ? 0 0+ 3 H -H H( 6 H H ? @ H " 2@ )

-,0 -, # 1 8 J./ 1 8 " 1 > I ./ ,H KH

0? 0@ H 0 ? 10 0 E. 3 &8 > I ,/ ?

0 H0 ? @ H 2@ ) H 8 H H( 6 H " =H

/0 2; 03 = 0 I " I @" Y I ( * -

4 0 4 E. Y ./ '"6 K N - + 3 2 /- ( 6

0? 0@ HY 0 '"6 E : - " , ( ) *+

*C" ( ./ D H ( ) *+ H '"6 KH

=4 4

0 0 0 ? @ " 2@ YC &8

0? 0@ H 0*@ , 06 F 06 / & " '

0 4 ' 4 C &?M G; 1 5 G' >* " H

2 0/- 0 3 0*+ @ ) 8 * , 9 ) + >C

0 G 1 G F 6 .* = 6 F 6 * , + 3 H( 6 H

06 + >C * *< 4 K - *5 / /@

0 N 3- H( 6 H K2* 8 , & " ' " *

* 0G 0 9.= 8 ;* ( 3 6 A * C

150
 0? 0 @ H 9 3, , 6 8 K 6 F 6

0 8 0 0 0+ >C &?# H> ?H > ,* H

06 0 2 0* 6 F 6 3 2@ 8 ' 4 C

= ;* ( 3

Y 0 0*@ , ) " 1 ) / - -> 4 K "

D & ) " ? @ 3 )/ * ? @

0 < *- H ? @ H K @ -D

0 0 - 15 @ J./ & 3 - )? , 6 !

90 K * 3 ) 6 2* *3> 2* - K

0/ , ? @ " - 2@ YC 3] &

0I - I ( 9 . ,4 - *+ @

> 0* 0" I ./ D G , 9 Y *" + 3 2 @ I

K * N-D = ) 6 * 4 '

* N 3- - *@ ,H * 6 H4 - & *" - 8 Q" > + 3

0 0 0? 0@ " 4 ! @ = G;

+@ 4 2 /- ( ) / ./ , * ( ) / ( / 6

0 B * , ; - Q" * "

=\ 8 - 4 R 6 - 3 ) >

151
90 & G : * /- 4

0? @ * 6 >; # 3 , 8 9

0 >0 206 ,H H> ? * /-

H 06 F0 MH 2 " * - ;3 , / * / 54

; - ? @ Q" * - +@

- =4 + 3+ G &- 4 G 3) - *-

0 ,* 2 * ) , G 4 Y - 4 8 J./ 2*

0 G ; K> K -H 6 F KH ,> # )

0 ! > # ./ ) , !- V 3 * *

= 6 F K

0 0? 0 @ 0 " 2@ YC N 38 &8

0 - D 0 - 0" 0*@ H' / # H & 4 - 2 * *+ @

=) " 8 * Q 9. ,

4 @" 3 ,H' / # H 4 5 " +

0 8 0 = &- ; # ? @

0 0 R 6 * 6 8 ) 3

4 " 4 E G \ + ( 6 9. , # I

0 / # 1 /+ / # ; # H 2* , 8 4 3

& = ; # 6 * \ ) * *< H4

0 0 €> 0 ? 0 " * 5 * H ; # ? @ H ;3

152
0" 0 H ; # ? @ Y H) 3 ! D ,H / [H

)0 h ( 0 E G O K * = -D -

0 > H ; # ? @ H Q" 6 + ' ) G E. 4

0K ) 0 6 3K -, 8 4

) - ,H / #H ( - * - ,H ? @ H

=H' / # 1 H *K

0" 0*@ * - )? ,H) " 8 *HQ + " & 4 8 -

= -D - " YC 6 ! *- K * E! ' *

0 8 ) 0 ? @ N 8 4

0 3 :6 3 Y 8 .

3 !* 3 <6 <6 -, KX V . ,

0 / 4 G) 2* * H ?# H 4 / @ 6 . 8

= - D / N 3- G C4

153
 2

U " !

0 1 " , ( ) *+ " ' ./

50 0 " , " N ( ) *+ < 9 . E- 7 "

E.0 0" 1 + 3 31 " N ) *+ '% X

20 3 ) 0*+ 2@ *% 9. " " 8 9 ., 1 K 6-

=1 C - / ,1+ @ * + "

0 0" 0 " ( ) *+ )*+ @ + ' % 2; 3

F *@ K N - ,1 )*6 3 ,1 " C 4 ! KN- " "

,) 0" 0 N 3- ? 1 & *6 E. " " '%

Y 0C 0K ' ./ ; 3 " .* =H H H /8 H ! " )*6 3

Q0" 0 0CG 0+ 3 H)*" 6 H )* /- ) *+ ' " ' % 2%@ 2

0C 4 0! 9 . )/ 2 , " " ( 2 /8 J./ ) , 8

=1 "

0 (0 ) *+ ;3 C Q" ' ./ ; 3 .K

1 "06 1 & 2 3 " ( ( 5 " 9 . M ,' " ' %

0 0 F YC @ * / , &- " K , J./ C

2; 03 , 0" N 0 0 9. 2 3 ( ) *+ "

0? 0" 0 / ? ) *+ 2@ * " " 3

154
 C &- * & 8 J./ - K CK = * "

=) *+ " C 4 O " - * 56 ,1 "

, ( ) *+ ' " ' % : 2 YC K' ./ ; 3 "

) 1 - I 15J 1 : &# )* ' 1 3 2

0 =0 " 0" ( 1 ;3 * K " 2 /8 (

= E= ' U 0" 8 K' ./ ) " 9 .YC

0 ' 0% : 2; 3 + ./ YC D $ " "(2 F F

2; 3 ./ E : 2 ! !" - (

1 506 L )*< + 1 )* 3 + YC 9. ,1 " C 4 ! K :

0 Y 0C 0 K 0C - =1 - I )* : &

G K 1- KJ - I = ( G

!0 " & YC 1 G; ( 5

,) " N 3- G; " J./ X 15 " 9 . M ,' " ' %

0 3 0 (0 10 )*6 ! , " N 1 ) 1- -

9 , @- * C3 ' K * " )* "

=* 6 F ./ ! + "

E = = = E ' U " ; ' ./ & )

0 0 " 06 '% 2 3 2 + ./ % U M "(2

H 0 H( ! ) -! + 3 2 ,* 6 ) )- (

0G; 0* 0 ) 0*+ ) 3 * K " 2 /8 2; 34 9 . ,H /8 H

155
 ? Q ?5 " 2 /- 3 1 3 ( = Q ?5

'0 N 03- 0 06G J &- " ; # + 6G J

0 Q 0?- 0 3 1 3 -, " ./ , " ; # " 3

= " ; # + 6G

156
 $ " #$ )

" ! .

10 D0 0 0 ( )* : ' " '% 2; 3

./ )* ; 3 - / 7 & 3 )/ - K1 I / ,

!0 !" H 0 0+ 3 0 0 ./ , ( )* : )* ; 3 G; 1

0 ! J 2; 3 )*C" ! ) =H H 1 ,H

K ,) 3 O+ " 1 D 1 3 8 ,) *+ " C

0 0 - 0 !0 !" 0 J 0 2; 3 9 * , *5

10 " - 0I 0 1 : &K K " J.* ' =

0 ,0 1 D 1 G; )* : 2; 3 K E : E. 8 ,) *+

(0 '0 0 1 56 L ? )* M ,1 - I )* - &

9 0 0 0" ' " + )* M " J.* , * &# )* /

10 - I * - , < H " H " K , " "

=) *+

0 - ! !" ( ) 3 - K '% & 1

0G 30 ! )" , YC > 6 O+ *

,(0 ) 3 O+ / 1 D 1 3 - 8 Q" )/

0 & )* =1 '"6 KE: ) *+ 6K ! 8 3

0 0 0 0 )*+ - " .K ,) *+ 6K Y C ./

0 )* ; 03 ) *+ 2; 3 56 2 * + ! - ! !"

157
!0 !" 0 0 YC - + ./ ; 3 / . =1 3

0 0 J 0 0 0 ( ) *+ ' % ) 3 2 3 2 ,

0 ( & - 2 '& - , ! !" 1

)* 0 : 2; 3 N 3- - , 3 )/! )" - 56 1 D

0 &# )* 0 " , ! !" - (

= 1 D ( 1 - I 15N 1 :

(Democratic Transition) $ "

0 1 D ( ) *+ * 2%@ c 3

0 ( G " 9 * 1 3 " 9

U10 K - =T , 6S

3] " E- 7 )@ ?) )@ + ! 4 +

= )@ KE - 6 -E ? )@

0 E- 7 0 1 D ( G; 5 "

0 0 - " ! !" - - 1 3 D

; 0 1 5 " \ E. , E @ + '%

, J./ J - 6 ) ,1 K

0" E- , 1 ! !" 1 -N

0 ( K @ ) ! !" K * "+ & G -

0 6 ) E- 15 J./

= ! !" ( & - YC , (

158
'0 0 + 0 4 0" @ *@ " 6 F ./ !

0K 0 0 @ - @ * / ,

0" 0 , " @ J./ *@ D =

0" T && S 4 *@

0 0 0 0 8 S 3 &' -

N 3- - 4 ;3 3 - 3 ' -T

=T 0 & S K * - ?

- 0 0K 0 D ;&2 D L - " D

0 + ,T S 0 8 ,N 0 & & 6 & U

0 0 !0 )@ K )@ V 3 ,T S

4 K " 8 =1 + ) - Y + b +

,0 - 0 0 0 @ 4 C D , & " ' "

E- ,Tstunde nullS H +0 H4 * > 3 6, J./ 15N =

, 3 & *8 > 6 - / -

) G- * 3 K 6 88 =4 4 K K K )

0 0 , 0 ./ 38 " G 6 - - -' &

" @ && " 5 XG =* K 5 \ M

0 ;3 *- / ? + 3 , ) 3

0 4 0 ; 03 - 8 2 E & E- 3 4 & ;3 ) )

159
$ U , 0 S 0 & -N G 3 E- -

=T

, && " K ( ! ) , .K

0 0 (0 E @ F ./ -

, 0 (0 ) *+ " . '% J O " G

1 K " E. , )* / - ( )* 2%@

0? @8 "C 3 )* " ' " " 9< - 3

9 .0 10 M - ( " ' 2@ " =1 K

03] " 7 - G 1- J K @

10 5 N , K - K E : - )/ 151 K @ 1M

.0/ 0 ,0 D " E- , 4 C - I

=J - 6 * O 8

& && K, ( ) 3 N!"c

, 0 ./ 38 " G 6 - - -' & ) G- *

Guo '0 / '% & " ,N 3- 4 1< K4 " /

A0C 0 . " 1 G K N!"c ) *+ > K 5 Gang

=(Gang, 1998) G 6 - @8

O 0 - *5 , D - , G 6 -D -

0 ,D 0 8 J./ ( '% &- ,1< K ) *+ 4

160
 0G 0 G 6 -D - - ' % Q" 8 @ *

,4 < @8 I KD 8 J./ - - " K

0* 1 ) 15 3] ' % & @ * ,* * (

./ YC , 3 E- )@ d + " 4 K

=J E. & ;3 @ * 2; 3

*@- D , 8 @ * & Weigle Butterfield "

(0 5 G 6 - *

- 0 , 0 J.0/ 0 0 0 * '"

0 06 0C 2 0/8 Y 0 O - > 6

0 9 06 * , & @ * & " " =(Weigle, 1992:3)

U10 G ; 3 9. ,- D ; ( @ ;

0 0 K ; I D ! ( ) *+ H

(0 0 0 < >C F ! - ) *+ ./ = 6

0 F * K , 4 " J.* ; -ƒ

0 K < )@ ( 3- , *6 C4 I +

0 > 0C 0 ( * C !!" ? 4 K

506 = > C+ C N:

(0G 0 J./ M , G 6 - Q"

1C E. C ./ C+ O , ) ! 4 & & C+

0 . 8 ; d + "+ + & J.* = ( @

161
 0 )0 ,)0/ ; )@ I ,F 6 " - 3

, 0 C D : @ - @ 4 C

0 0 >C ) - " "G 4 & - , " * . ;&

0 @ ;0 9 6 G 6 - G - E- = C

T , " S- D ; (

- K, 0 K ( - )/ ' % Q" Q )?

0 "c 1 ( ) 3 5 ./ K G 15 " .

0 - K @c D , K - " @

; F% H 8 G; D - E-S + 8 K 8 D

0 - 0 - 6 ,TH( H + 8 K )& H

0 8 0K + 8 D - K @c - K - ( ) *+ > K

0 H 8 K H ( H + 8 G; D - E-S

./ $) *+ L 456 D - C - $ TH F%

'% & - , ; 1 ( @ O 8

0K 0 @8 " )* " )* " J " ' "

0 0 0K @8 9 / )* 1 - )/ ,

0* 0 )* K @ ./ J ,)* " *KY *K

= @8 9 D - @8

162
 0 " .* ( ' " '% ) 3

0 06 , 1 ' 1 5 )/ O -

)/ 0@ * + 3 )* M 9 . = ( - J./

=J - 6 J 6

) 30 2; 3 ' - - - K * '% & - K 4 6# I

0 K 0 <! " ) *+ Q ?' - - (

90 6 E @ " 3] 2; 3

0 0 0 Q" = ( )* * 2 3 6

06 &: ' ( -

0 0 0 ( - N 3- = ) J

, 0 0 ) J 6 ) O 8 ./ * O

0 0 0 ( - - Rustow - Cathryn Magno X G D

=(Magno, 2002:46)

0 0* 15J - ; (

(0 0 0& . '% : 2; 3 J O " , E @

(0 5 " 8 @ * )* ; 3 + / , 1 G;

, 0* '0" 10 5 N & @ *

U & 8 Q" ;3 @ * 2; 3 ./ YC

163
 ( - .K 6 53' .K===H UE

0 E G (G ( K = ,1 J 2G '

( 1 6 .3 E. D ( 4 G 4 " 1K= 4 1 C &

4 0 -0 # * ' ) =

" / ( =L " C / E. '"6

=T ,E S

(0 0 1 06 .3 ( -N 1- @ ; E J - ;3

/ ( -N * 9. = .* " 1- ,

D 0 - " ( - " 3] " = * ; O

1 - O H " H .3 G GE .* =O " O

@ J 3 J G K 1 6 H " H ./ = ( 1 - I

N 0 @ 3 ) ; O ( N

=O "

0" , ( 5 " '%

0 .K 7H\; # H & 6: ( "HU * 6 &

0 " =T , *S H \; # 6 (

K '/. , ( 59. @ ) @"

UX G 0 , ( 6 2G - ,2"C - ,' ? K " 2"C 5

F 4 K *;3 ) , 6# / • - H

4 # 0* ; 3 )@ 1 : ) G * , C Y

164
(0 0 : 0 ' !0 8 C ;3 ,( F

*- )? " =* */ 2 3 , 6 G )/- & D ,

( G & - /> C - - K , K " T ( : E-S

(0 & =T ,@ SH 68 3; " 6

0 0 10 G ; 03 J @ * > )* # ,

0 +@ J.* ) ( 5 " D ,Y ( +@ 1 G & ,2< @

!0 I06 )0/ . /> C - 1 C 2G 4 ;3

,+ 3 : + 3 ' Q " 9 )* ,1 (

0 4 3 ' ; C )* C /- )* 4 ' J./ 26

0/ GK ' J./ " K ( Q + , 9

1 G9. = ( : 9 6 9. T GS I

;3 FC 8 & 4 ! 1 G C- , ! K ' +@

2 0* ( * ) 2< @ )/- - = 3 4 ! KE: /.+ ( 6

,(0 0 0 & 6K * J @ * K

.0 0 F 0 2; 03 G , " , " &(

(0 ,O , " ,Y ,) )G > C < 2; 3 4 K , 3b

& , . 4 )G 5 1 ./ ' +6 , " )!

=T ,@ S : >

0 0 0 0 / ( -N @ 5O -( 9.

1 - I 1 - O H " H .3 G G .* = * K E :

165
N 0 0 0 @ J 3 J G K 1 6 H " H ./ = (

N 0 0 0 @ 3 - ( E: - M

=O "

4 0& 0 - , *- CG : /

J.0/ J 0@ * ' " D ,' % & \ J./ & O

D0 0 1 30 ) *+ Q ?4 ! " E. 8 , C )*+ - 4

)* 0@ 0 )* )< CG : J./ 4 & &8 = 1

2 0* 8 &8 ( ) - K, ( ) 3

=2; 3 ' -YC K K

2; 3 0 " 1 D ( ' " ' % 2; 3

)* 0 0 )3 , ! !" - ( )* :

EA= ?I = ( 1 - I 1 : &# ) *+

6= 0 = " 4 = A/ ? 2( # N % $ " B

A/ = - = /V # $ " 6 0N B 4 # / % 0N B $ "

)= + # (/ ) ) D # 6(/ 3? +H FN 2F 36 0 %

! $ " #$

( )* : '% 2 3 2 " . C - - "

)* : ' 2 3 2 ! !" " . YC " ,1

=1 (

166
 Democratic Consolidation $ " 2

0 &: ; 1 5 ( K C#

0 06 0 1 - N 3- C =

0@ * 9. , 1- 4 " ( -

- 0 0 0 8 Q" * - ! !" J K

= L

, 03] ' ! !" ' 9 /

0 0 9 0 / - E- , 0 ! !" ? 3] - 1 D

*3 0 0* 0@ 0 - 6 >6 K - 6

V. 0 J 0 U H1 6 E. =/ / /! !"

@ -1 , @ ) H

!0 !" )/ " )/ " !A ,

O 0+ 0 0* - 4 @ " HU G 9.

0+@ 0 !0 - '0 + , K ' "

- 0 10 5 N- , 1 + O - =(Rustow, 1970:346) H 3

0G - ,T 0 " ' S " /; -, -' "

) 0*+ 0 '"6 4 ! KE: - O m,G *' S * E-

10 D0 0 10 " . ' % Q" ! ) / 1C ? 4 ! (

0K 0 : " - + 3 - ! !" -,

=* + G *

167
!0 !" U 0 K 06 0 N 0 - ! !"

0 0& = 3 4 " G "

0 0 0" 0 G 3 N F K & ,

" 2 8 ( )! 3] " =T $ U , S

0 " 0 G E- , 0 " J.0/ < G , ) 1 C

/1* C- ! !" M Paul Kubicek X G =* .

8 ' ?- 15N * , 8 " " " <*

=(Kubicek, 2003:21) 5 4 K 6

)0* - K ! !" 1 " G 2 " + 3 G '% - )?

10 ' - ? E. : = " D 1- +

0 0 Q0" " E. H, ! !" D

HP " *C" /!

" ! !" G + 3 K -

0 2; 3 9 / , " J./ + 3 '% , D

(0 - 0 !; 6 E @

!0 !" 0 0 " -' 8 2; 3 C - 9 / , )- 1 1

0 = ( / ! !" * 2 3 ' 8 - ,

0* 0 10 5 10 K K @ E- 7 ! !" ( - N-

168
 - ,G.White 0 & , =L.Diamond E & 4

= ! !" ;G " - !!" ; G (

' 0% 0K 0 !0 !" ( 2; 3 N 3- 4

D0 0 1 " )* 8 9 . ,1C ? ! E. 8 , ( &

)- J K YC ? 1M , 1

- - 6 .K C ? )* - = ! !"

0" , ( 6 .K )- , (

!0 !" 0 2 * )- 2* 6 ./ K 3]

= 6 ' C - + )* 8 ! )* -@ ; 9.=

'0 Y0C E- , C ? 1 D ( )* "

= 0 ! !" )- ( KY 6

(0 0 3 O+ " * D ( 3

0" 0 0 8 Q" )* K) , " " *- K '%

C 1 4 ! KE: 1 D ( )* 3

1 5N 9 2 3 1 5N @ * ,1 "

, 0@ 0* * 6 6 2 3 ! !"

E : J5 " *- ( 6 8 @ *

, /! !" )/ * 15 " *- & @ * * 6 ,* K

0 - I *;3 O *K ' /. 4 H " H M 1

K4 8 Q" )* 6 - 2 YC - =+ 3 ) *+ 1

169
 0 0 ( 1 - I 1 - O ' /. H "H

U & ;3

0 ,; & , " : , <* L H U4 6 !

2 0+ -, ( " , & " ) " K ,N 38 ) *+

= 0 0 0 0 -' , ( K :

0 G .K 0 , )/ ) G , / *. ; & ,TNGOsS ? @

(0 8H 9 . , K / / - . "G .K , * ( ) *+

G 3] ) *+ ( 8, 53d 3 ,H 6 /

0 0 ,0 " " * =' I K

, *" 3 && , G" <G ( N 3-

H 0* . 0 K 18 K ( = "

=T ,4 6 S

10 - ,H 0 - ' H U4 6 G ;3 O -(

0 H 0" H 0K 1- = 6

!0 !" 0 ( 1 - I J 1 ;3 O 1 /.

( H U1 G ; 3 = 9 . YC 1 , O

. Y 6 YC H* . K 18 K

0 ( K 6 KH H 1 3

E 0@ 0 2; 3 9 * , C 1 G - K K ! !" )-

170
 0 - 0 0 ( 6-

= ! !"

!0 !" 0 J ( ) G + )* : C- '% > ]

0 & >0 ;3 ) ! !" ( -N 9 * =

0 K )* 0 O 0 0 / ( & D 7

9 / =(McFaul et al., 2004:140-141) 4 G " > "

> 0 0 > - G U ;3 ! !" " ( -N

=0 " * C3K * * *> K C

N0 0 4 0* 0 "+ 4 0 ! , 6 ( 6 '! 8

,N 038 0 0 ! = *G )! ! !" ,

= 0 0 4 G' K =+ 3 @ * ) / Y

F )* G )* " , " 6 /

0 " = 4 I , 6 " =*

-N 0 =T , S " 4> K ( - I '"

0 0 !0 !" 0 ; 4 ) - ;< 6 (

=L H H ! !" J /- 3] N =* @

0 )* : 4 " '% @ * ( J./ ; 3 )

) 30 + 8= ! !" J ( ) G +

* Q" )* &- \ - = ! !" ( *

171
 0 0 > 0 0 1 D ( )* : + @

= ! !" -

0 (0 ) 30 '% 2; 3 ' - - - / -

0 H A0 H + K " H * - CH - H ! - H4

0 ( 5N " ' M ,H 1 G; ( H @ * -

- C E- =H * - CH " )3 ? 1M , 1

0 0 C ( ) *+ ) 3 ) ? = - *

0 G8 Q" 8 J" " ) *+ - " 9 * , "

=T , 0 S 0 '! )@ , 6 ; , "

(0 G; " K @ cD = 6- G 6 -D 5 ) 3 ./

0C 0 (0 , C " H G 6 -D - "

!0 !" 0 10 ( - ' N .K - =THoward, 2003:38) H

;0 & 6 ( K E- ,H - E! HY )3 I ,

= : J./ ' , ! !" J ;3 4 !

10 D0 0 ( ) 3 '% 2; 3 ' - - )?

!0 !" 0 J 0 0 0 ( ! )

.0/ 2G H ( H * H H &5 - " 9. - K,

* ,' &- "6 G; ( G; -D =!

( ) *+ V! * ,N 3- ) *+ 4 !

9 /D =1C ? 4 ! " N 3- 1 3 -H 6 H 1+ @

172
 0 / ( G G; E @ &

=* 4! > K ;3 G; " J./ K ,

$ " (/ , 34

(0 )/ G - E @ "

30 10 K E. F 6 , )/ E. 8

0 " 0* - 0 0 0 + @ 3 - / , &

0 &5 9. ( G &5 , * 4 &: I

G; " ! K - 8 ) ./ =

0 - 0 ! # 8 2 )G 9 . & , G

0 ) G )& = 4 ? 4 K - 6

0 06: 0/ ) " N C ( * & J./

0 &8 - ,/ - ;3 1 = G

,9 0 . 0 K 0 = - G C- (

4 0" 0 ./ = )@ G Q -

0 ! J ) " ! G -N * 1 = I

" 4 " > " Y 3 ; + 4 2+3 * - , 6

0 G -N 1- = F # > *

=(Lipset, 1960:31) ( 4

0 0 (0 G )/ , & 3

0 + 06 )* 3 C ! K E : *8 ) " > - (

173
 0 G 0 N 38 @ 3 " ) " 6 K , &- ( -

)0 )@ 0 0+ 3 (0 GE ! KE: , "

7 E G E @ Q" =

%K = 0I G; ;3 ,E + 3 N .K

0& 0C ? I K E G + -

K + 2 3 6 = : ./ C 4 K .K ,)*

0 " 0 / ? = * + ; / G

* G M , & 3 K C

06 , - - / , G - )/ ? 6 N =

E- J 0 - J + 3 J.3 E. 3 / 4

0C + )/ ? ! ] @ * - = 3] 6

? '3 ( & G M , " K

0 0 15E G K @ @

= = = =T KE: E G - E-S ( " /

2 N , 34 " 2 ) $ $ 2 0

0 0 0 K E :0 J @ * E G - E- = $ "

(0 0 * - " & 3 -= ( 4

0 - * K / F ./ N - , 6:

174
 0 0C+3 . 1- K9. " =N 3- - ]

= * G B + )@" 3C

0* 5 10 / G J ( : J./

0 ,+ 3 ( 6 2 /- 3 H :H H H +@ *+ @ ) , 6:

0? 0 @ 0 ( 2@ " ' C -

10 D0 ' % 2; 3 + ./ ; 3 C - ;3 , .K

# (/ ) ) D B , 5 89 # (/ ) ) D 3,

& , ,A

1 D ( G; " )* : + + 3 '% -

(0 0 6 & 9 * ,

K ( - " =9 . 6

H ! - H ( - " ,9 . "

0 0! ,1 " C 4 ! ' E. 8 =H * - CH 1- "

Y 0 6 ' % Q" 4 6K ) 1 D ( )* ; 3

0 J ) 30 K E- , ( G; 1 E.

0 I = 3 3b )*C" ! ) -, ! !" -

, 0@ 0* K 1 D ( K @ * )

175
10 5 " 9 .N @ * 1 5N 8

- 0I 0 1 : & ) *+ ' )3 , ! !"

N " = ! !" - > ( 1

0 K E :0 - )/ 1- J K @ 9. 1M , 1 5 )/ -

0 0 10 5 J K @ 1 - 3] " -, K -

=J - 6 , - G

)/ 0 1- J K @ 9. 1M ! !" 1 5 )/ - N

- " * 15 ( K @ 1 - E- , *3 / "

50 0 . '% ,J - - / 6 9. * , G

) = .* 1 G + )* : + 3 )* M ! !" (

)/ G ! !" ( ) 3 !

1 ,( ) 3 O+ / 1 D 1 3 - 8 Q"

,> 06 O 0+ 0 * 0 ! !" - K 8 Q"

!0 !" = )@ K ? )@ 1

40 0 " * * G ,/ *3 " 1

'"06 KE: * ! ) = <* , 3

=1 " C 4 ! KE: ,1 Q I ! ,) *+

E- , 0 1 D ( G; -9.

- " ! !" - J '% : 2; 3

0K 0 ( E: - K + 3 )* - )? , E @

176
 " @ {"c , # J./ 1 K @ - K,

&H D 15 K @ Y -D , K -

- 0 @ ./ =H & 6 06(/& F D 151 K @ - " H6(/& 6 0

0 03 0 KO 8 ( ( ) 3 ./

0 0 J./ D , G 6 - - -' & ) G- *

*@ K - *- =N 3- 4 1< K ( ) *+ 4 O - *5 G 6 -

1 3 " ) , H* H - H CH ) 3 Y -D 1 ) 3

4 0 ( ) 3 '% 2; 3 ' - , H ! H -H H

*0 - H A H + K " H * - CH - H ! - H

, 0 1 3 2* M ,H 1 G; ( H @

0* 0 - 0C E- 7H * - CH 1 K @ ) ? 1M

0 0 *G 6 -' 3 ) 3 ./ ,

0 0 H 0 J./ " ( G; " K @ cD = 6-

,0 !0 !" J K @ H A GH .K - =H C ( , C "

0 0 4 ! ; & %6 1 - E- ,H - E! H 1 3 ) .< "

= : J./ ' , ! !" J ;3

10 D0 0 0 (0 ' % 2; 3 - 9. K C#

" 9 3 - '% *K " - "

"0C 3 *0 + 0 " " 2 3 D , 3b ( 2 3

0 ' 0% 0 ,0 @ 8 "C 3 " " * @8

177
0 " )* 3 H2 /-H 3 ?! H ( H) 3 " "

0 K * " 9 3 ( ) 3 ./ ,H H

0 )* 0" ? " H)* /-H - E- 7 6 @8 B 3

= 1 G; ( ? )* 6 ! "

0 0/ - 1 3 K " '% V

= " "

(0 0 G 0 G G; 9 / - ' % Q" -

0 )/ 0 E.0 8 J )/ G 5 " D ,

0 + 3 2 /- 3 : +@ 1+ @ ) / =

#$ ) 3A/ A ?I ) " $ =/ C -

0G; " J.* )* : + 3 0 %) 2 2 ? , (/ 6 0 $ "

)* 0@ 2; 03 K N - )* ; 3 2; 3 - E- , ( )* : 2; 3

0 0 ( 1 - I 1 : & - )* 5 ,J

= 1 D

178
 F FU M "(2 F F E '

"

0C - 1 M , " H( 6 H 3 1+ @ ) ( ) *+ -

10+ @ - 0 K 10 0I &4 =H H Q ?5 " + 3 H( 6 H 3 2%@ c

0 1 K + ( HF 6 H O + H H Q ?8

4 0 ! 0 K E :0 8 ./ = 8 Q" CG , + 3 2 /- - H( 6 H

Q 0?8 1 3 Q I ./ ! ,1 4 ! ) *+ Q ?

=1 K : ' 8 J./ )& ' ./ ' -YC - " ,

0 " 0+ 3 2 0/- 3 1+ @ ( - K 4 6#

06G J &- " ; # + 6G J ?H H Q ?5

"0 G O+ C + 3 H( 6 H 9 / 8 , * ; # ? N 3-

2 /- 1+ @ ;3 ; # + ' " " + * K

0 " ; # " (G ? F ./ = Q ?5 G; *

0 " ;0 # 0" 9 3 ; # " + *K

F + / = ; # ? " / ? 2 3 ,*

= ;0 # ? + 1 & *6 " ; # + 1

H 0 (0 H 0 0 )* ; 03 " ' % 2; 3 ?! D

'0 2; 3 > ' YC - + ./ ; 3 / . ,H /8 ( H

(0 H H /8 ( H )* ; 3 9 . " ( ) *+

179
,) 0*+ 0" 0C ! '"6 )* ; 3 - 2 Y C C- " ,H

= Q ?5 " + 3 H( 6 H 2 /- 1 3 ) 2

A= 9 5 = 2 = F FU M& #

0 0 0 &- H H Q ?8 1 3 ( ) *+ - @

0" 0 0 (0 & - " ; # + 6G

0 0 G 06 Q" + 6G Q" * 9. " , ; #

0+ 0 " ; # + 6G Q" & - 9. " ,9 . O &K

0 = F ) *+ K 2 C , 6G 9 ; K '

0 + 06G Q" 8 Q" &5 . )* " ' % Q" -

;0 # 0+ 0 9 .0 0 X 3 , G 6 Q" *

H4 H 1 6 N 3- 6G * 6G ) *+ ./ = " +

=4 H "H 2G 3] K ' V

'0 n 0 , " ; # + 6G - J./ H "H

0+ '.0 0 ;0 # 0+ J '. 6 ( ) *+

9 0 . 0 1 56 ; # + 4 4 )/+ {"c ) *+ .* = "

0 " 0" 4 )/+ / ? " & N 3- ) / + 56

10 & ,& " ; # + 6G 1 - = ; #

0 + 06G 1 & 1 E. Q I = " + 6G

' 0% 10 0 ( = " ; # + 6G K "

180
 0! * ) 9 CK C ? *@ - ' " ; #

0 .0 = F 1 9 . *@ , 3] C ? ) *+ 1 " E. Q I

Q 0?- 0 3 1 3 ) 1 2; 3 *@ " ; # K ) *+ \

, " '% : * ( ) *+ ; # '% : 2 3

1 2; 3 ) D , : O+ 1 K @ ; # '% ( 5 " 9.

0 ? , 6 A 9 U 2 M J " ; # +

)= ) , ; K 6 + -H 8 H ; # + F ./ 2

0& - H 0" H + 0 ; # + F ./ 2 ? ,. H + 2 4

" ,); # ( C " J " * ' 8 " = 6 I 6 ; # +

10 0 I ? ) *+ ( 5 '! '% N &

1 - ' I 1 V E. H ( H (G ./===H U 6G ,J # " !< ?

, ; 1 V Y H ( HY / ./ ,1 C +

0 J 0 # " ! ,) *+ ./ & 4 ! 1M 9. ,1 ); # 4 @

( (G 2 3 1 M ,); # O , ? 1 ; C 1 8 ,4 9 "

0 0 ! W J 1 K @ ,1 " D # (G 2 3 , "G

,08 0 S H10" 10 + ) 8 >6 (C 1 + *K J

=T :2006

181
 0 ( - '! E- 6 3 Y ' 6

3] + 3 H ( HH U1 G 9. 1 " ! ); # ( C "

0* ' .8 *+ $4 " $ K4 " I ( H H +3

0 H 0 H1 + -' ; == I @ 3 *3 " 3# *

" ( KS U)* < G G ,4. 4. . G "

H 0 " H .3 +< - U ./ )*" -' " =„T " (

.0/ * - KU - $E @ $ )* ! „ 8 H H' -

)0* 0€" J 0 1 ) " )* ,); [ 1 ,H " HY

0 " 0 - K =1 " - K -7 J./ „1 .- 1 >I

H10 K 0 - 0 .0/ , 0 # ( ,) 1 )* ,Y ./

=T , 6 3 S

* ,* 3 *+ 8 8 Q" '% 2; 3 ./ "

' - " K ,) *+ Q ?4 ! KE: ? E. < Q 3 O

- 0 " /' ./ " ,1 D E. F C O *+ F C ,*

= * G; - " ./ )*

,); # ( Q " ) *+ - . ; # + -

T1 6 ) *+ " * * S1 " 1 6 1 56 *;3

9 0 20 " 4 0 # )* ,4 4 ; #

0 ;3 9 .) ? =* ) *+ ./ ( )

90 /0" - 0 =4 ; # 1 56 ) *+

182
 0 G ' 0" 0* 0 E- / 4 + -, &

0" 0 0 * ( & - , " 16 " 4 ! ); #

0 0 5 - & / ? " 16 C

.0 - Q" 8 G =4 ; # ) *+

" E " 3 HU - K ; # (

, 0 SH 0 G" @ L * G" -

=T

0 ; # ( ) *+ 5 J./

+ '% 5 J./ CK *@ K - * N

0 0 , 03] 9. - , " + 6G " + 6G

0K Q" /. 4 ; # ( 5 )*C" Q

= ( + ; # ( >&

0" 0 0 ( ) *+ 5

0 M ,Ernest Gellner 6 * G 9 ; #

0" )* 0 0 > )* qr aq r M ; # ( 1- "

(0 -Q 1 52C = " R ,O A

(0 9 / - + 9., G! 1 E. ( 9. /

W K C C ); # - K " 9 . M ,X G , " , ; K

=(Tamimi, 2001:131-132) NA c - c

183
.0/ ; 03 0 -D G 6 -1 > b 9 ( 5 9 /

)0/- - El-Affendi 1 / , 6 C " 1 3 /- -\

3] G - = G 6 / Q 151 * K '/. E. EG

10 - , 0 (0 !0 K ! ); # 5 1 2 John Keane /

0" 0 H Y 0 (C E. / ,E '/ XG , =H 6 2 KH

0 !8 0 3 G " V. -Y ./ " ,TPost-secularismS H "

=T ,E S

* 0 6G *@ D 1 " 6G &5 N 3- 4

0 6G 9 ; # ) *+ + " + Q"

1 " ) , ( ) *+ - / + K KH U K\ + 2 1 G

=T , KS H1 (G )& ; # 4 3

) 0*+ 3 ; # ( ) *+ 5 . '%

0 ' 0% Q" - , ; # " ( )* : &#

2 )* : & - - E- ,9 . O & J 3 G 6

/ A ?I ) , ; # " (

% 2 ? ) / , O+ / / A 9 52

) ) D 6(/ 3F 2F (2 3 %) 2 2 . ( $ 4

! # (/

184
Q ?8 1 3 ; # " K ( ) *+ , .K

Q0" * , ; # Q" 1 : - ,H H

0 , ( + ; # " & \ ./ Q G 6

0G; 0 0 F 1" " ; # " '% K ) *+

0K CK , " 9 '% 2; 3 * &; - " (

Y 0C 0 "0 0 =H /8 ( H H ( H )* ; 3

3 ( 2@ ) 2 YC 9. , " ( G; )* ; 3

H 0 (0 H 0 0 )* ; 3 YC - , " " CG ( 6

= + ./ H /8 ( H

(2 "(2 ;3 F F E '

3] &- , )- ; K ( 9 / - K ' % 2; 3

" ; # 6G F ./ ! = ( " G;

= ; # ? " " + 3 *" " 9 3'

89. ( ) *+ " C ! ( "

0 0 0 " " ; # " '% O 8 3] 9 /

0 )* 2; 3 9 / - ,C " / ; # ( Q " / "

=0 8 1 & E. 3 * / " 1 "

)0A D , " F -4 9 / 5, ( " & "

,0 & - , , : , +@ , , 36 " U K "

, 6 F 8 J./ ( )!; 9 / 5 ./ " , "

185
10+ " + / + " J./ " , + " F 8 J./ F ./ "

(0G 0 " " 1+ " G , ( G; * " "

0 " HU 5 ./ > D ,T $ S 6 " & #

0 (0 ,1 " J 5, ( ; E " / "

06 , 0 2 5 2< E- , " 3 ) U " =O " O "

0 , 0+< - , 0 E- ) =E + "G 6 g ; & 2< g G

3 0 )0 =)/ 0 ? 0 !0 * " - * - ) * +< -,

0 " < "06 9 6 +<

=T ( SH

, " + '% " + 15 " 9 /

0 0 " 0 " '0 3 C O H U @" ! ! ' & "

' 0" + :0 K 0 ,( )@ )- )- 4 * K "

+ 3 - 6 4 @ ,9 . - ./ - "

- )0 " @+ 6 4 G K 8 & " 8 K =+ : G

- )0 " *G 6 K / - " ' ( 4 C )! ,) "

*+ 0 0 0 " - = " - $ " E- $ / ,) "

0K 0 3 " 4 @ K " ," * C & E +

, 0 0 ] ); 9+ ) ); &: ,) " " :6

0 0 0 " .38 ,2 G ); A" I );

> 0 K ,> 0 0 6 ,ƒF - " '; V " 8 3 #

186
 K * )* ; 3 )? =T , @" S H) ' ;+ 6 ,

U - 0/ E 0 ' 0/ 0 N " " " < -

+ 4 / " ' - *@ " 8H

=T ,E S HTW W , .K -S

,1 D E. F C O 18 " Q 3 M ,(

0 * 06 H 0 H *- 1 " * < ./ "

0 ?' ./ 1 E. ./ =) *+ 4 ! K -, (

0 ? =9 . 6 ( 6 " -Q + )

, " + )/ ( - " 6 . + -

-4 " * / , " ( 4 HU - K )*C" 8

0 &- ,4 C 3b K * C+ , 3 , "G @ ;3

, 0 S H) 0 (0 > 68 ( " 1+ # - G C* 4 +

)* 0 0& , " )! ( 5 )* @ 5 " =T2005b

0 0 " )* - ./ = " @ 1 56 L K4 "

.0/ 1 > 1 56 K " )/ 9 . , ./ )* - & 1 56

0" A AB 3 " ! 9 ( ) 3

= C - , B 3 8

Q0" 0 '! ' % Q" - ( " 6

( Y Q KH 6 H -H 8 H + . ; # +

0G (0 20 > ( Y - E- ./ D , * G;

187
0 KO + secular @+ 5 E- ./ = 1 r y fGe-

6 " 5 )/ =E " - ? " / E- ,ecclesiastical E-

20 10 4 E. / ( - K )* - (

0 0 : 0 0 ( " E. - + A K +

9 .0 =L …' ! 8 " * , ( :

/ 5 ( ) *+ Q 1+G !!" X G E- ./ -

N 1 5 E- ./ " ' .* 71 6 1"C E. E- , ?

0 0 + H0 H E- , 0 @ ) K ;3 " ; # ; ) )

0 " 0 3 0 + H H E- , 6) , " 3

= ; # 1+ . 35 36 8

0 , ( 6 " - . " + )

-H 06 H +0 .0 ; # ' '! ' E- .* )/ 6

' 0% Q0" 20 )0 =4 6 ./ > )* /- K ,H 8H

10 5 )/ 0 ( Q , - + H 8H - H 6 H ; #

0 0 ( 6 " - " 6 )*C" 1 K , " )!

= & 6 I 6 ' & H " H + E. ; # ' % Q" "

0 ( )! " 5J 6 I 6 ' * . '%

6 I / H "G H 3] > H U 6 I J G E. )S! (z(f 6W&,E '

" S " € 2- H H 3 E. ( €6

10 /- ( " F K2 3D „ < 8 1" ) 1 -T (

188
B S) ! „H ( 456 4 4 " " H UT B S G

" ( ./ 4 ( 8 ./ „H ( C== " 4 -H UT

O )S! (J H

6 4 38 - H " H ( )/! " + -

) 0*+ 90 . 0 ( ? HE H ; # ( - C , 8

70 K 0* 0 )* 0 K C " )! =)/ @ * H & H

0*& 0 0& 4 0 € *+ * " / ;" G /

)* 0 K = )@ 56 * - + 3

0 0 / , " 9 * = )G " €CG J 7&

T 0 SY 0 " " + Q" - ,E / * ; # +

0 HU 0 0 4 / 4 *@ 9 . 5 = ; # " *

===H U 06 I ;0 # + =T ,E /S H ; #

0 (0 ) 0*+ M , Q" " + Q" 4 @

0 0 + &5 + &9 . , * "

> &0 0K 0 " & J./ =4 & E. 2 " F !

) 0" (0 0 0 ) 3 Q" = " &5 E- 9 ; ,

(0 > - )/ . H +6; + H )* , ; # F 6 4 Q " E. , "

H ; 0 # )* 0 3 C ( 4> N + ,E G "

(0 A50 0 " 6G " @ =(Al-Ghannoushi, 2002:109-110)

189
AC " ' " + * 3 /- & 8 )/+ Y -

=O 3, ; #

) 0*+ +%@ , ( " 6 " '% 9.

- -1 3] 2 @ 9 / - = ; # ; # C (

4 ' I 1 K - J 3 , 6 ./ ; 3 J

1 0 E.0 O+ .K K 9 . ' " - " 9 /D =

) ! !" K -' I " - )/ , " , I

=* C ] 8 # 2 K

0 - 0* )3 ) ( ) *+ - 3] E- C-

0 0 >! 1 - E- ./ K ,; ( ; #

0 ' 0% J 0 E. E- ./ , 8 I ) " } 4 * )

Q " H 6 H -H 8H + )/ ) . + Q" '!

10 H ( H - " D = C - - ( ) *+ -

;0 0 (0 ); # - * ) 1 " 3C

I0 ) 0" } 4 * ) >! / K , ; #

- 0 0 0 J./ - , \0+ " "6 8

/ , - X " I @0 * ! !" 2 * / K , GK

Y0C H U 6G )* 9 . 1 & - - 6 8 3 >!

0 8E0 0/ KH ( H0 " J./ - E " 'G

(0 0 ! , <+ " . YC 6 / . - ); #

190
 0 " ( " 1 - 9 .= + 3 8 - * ) E-

) " E- YC ! , 6 - >* <+

06 , ; # ) " ( 4< / ; # 8 " E. , ; # ;

0 0 8 K C5 ,) 8 ' "6 * C / - 6 -

0 8 90 . K C- ,) " * / /. + * 3 "

06 0" ) 0" E- 9. 2 ) , + - - " &

,> 0C8 0* 0 0 " : 9. 3 ,4 / @ * *

0 " 3 , : J./ * 3 ! -

/>; 9. , G 4 " 9. + 4- #

H 0 # 0 @ H0 9. * ,' % + >;

0 a - 0" /.0 + 4 3 , " G 9 .+ "

0 S =H 0 < H ; KH / , @- G 6 " 6

.0 # 0 " 1 3 ( ) *+ - 6 3 " =T $ U , 8

0/ H 0 ( 0H 6 H U - 1 G ;3 9. - , + 8

03 ; „H HE . " " ); G- - 4 C

, 0* ; 3 0 8 > -( 6 ) 1+ 1 K4 - 4 6# )* -D

O )S! (J H„L ===H + HH C H /. K

;0 # 0 0 I ( " 6 . '% -

)0 * K " )* /- ? , & 6 I & H " H

& ; # " ( 4 , ( " 6

191
 0 HE ?H ; # ( - & 9. ,); # ( Q " ) *+ ./ 5

) 0*+ ./ " =' I H & H ( ) *+ ( -

0 0& , 0* " ; # 8 " 6 V; " 1 )* 8

= 6 / ?

( $ 5 )0 (2( B ? I EA ) ) 1

=/ $ = )O= . H= % "" I' EA )/ 5 %4

!F , F - F 2F $ ) (2 $

,* 06 ) )- ( " 6 ' % 2; 3 K CK

0 ./ , * ! ) -H H H /8 H ! " 3] 9 /

0* - 0 2 0/8 - ( 6 )* ; 3 C-> ! ) -!

=1 C K " / Q ?8

)= = =/ 3A/ ( F F E '

F F F (&F

0+ 3 , 0 ( " 6 '% 2; 3 9 /

20 0 " '% 1 )G =H /8 ( H H ( H C-

E0 10 5 ; # ( )*+ J / 6 " ! 15 (

0K E , ; # + '% ,HD H ( ) *+ (

)0 0 ( Y -XG E. > :/ , 8 ./

= 0* " 0* / + " ; # " + 3 " 2 @ F

192
 1- , ; # 4 C O - ( C - " *

Y 0 ,0 B 0 ; 03 ; # 4 C K ; # F )

Y 0 0 0C - Y ./ M ,X G ' ,H /8 ( HY / ; K

=T $ U , S (

E0 0? 15 ; # ( F ; # '% 2 ) .K

0yc H /8 H Y - & - )* ,HD H ( ) *+ (

0 2 H /8 H Y )3 1- " = 4 + H HY G

) 0@ H 0* - ; # 1 C + 3 6

) " (+ 3 3 -) ;3 H H- K 2 * E. H2G

(0 H ) 30 H /8 ( H) 3 C+ > :/ & - 9 . =(

U 50 0 " 06 I 6 ; # + - C+ ./ ' - ,H

(0 ) 30 /8 ( Y ) 3 C ; # < Q" H

& ( - C *8 9 . , ' " + )

0 ; 0 K 0& - " 1- C /8 ( -, " ) *+ ! I

=TTamimi, 2001:129) H - &- 1- "

Y 0 2 H /8 ( HY 5 ; # + 1 K '/.

N-! ./ = ! K N - ,)*C" N 1 C- H ( H

! + " &- F *@ KJ

Q0" 0 (0 $ ! . '% - @ G = * !

./ , * ! * ' 8 QG K $ - >&

193
 * - H( 6 H - 2 /8 QG K " * G ' 8 QG

0 K )* , ! . '% > 6 O+ =)*

H( 06 H - 2 /8 2; 3 ' , * ! ) * ' 8 QG

=N 03- 0 - 0 ! .* * K) - 8 Q" * -

UT $ S 6 ;3 & - 4 + YC -

!" !"

T $ S 6

0 !0 .0 0 8 0 + - C 6 ./ >

* ! KF ./ " = ; # + '% " &

Y 0 0 ; 0 K & - H /-H Y - " )* 8 K ,)* 3 H( 6 H - 2 /-

- " 0 )* 5 )* M .* , ( H /8 ( H - &# - ,H H

)* M .* ,)* O ) *+ - & 4 ; # ) *+ H :H

Y 0 ) 30 C+ )/ 9 . =* 3 C+ H ? )/+ H ) 3 K 5

= ( Y ) 3 C+ H /8 ( H

' ;3 , ; # '% F ./ & .

0 0 1 E. H > J /8 ( H " E. E

194
 0 + 0+ ,H /8 ( ( ! - @ ;c, 6 +I

0 1- ( Y 6K ! 1- @ 1 3 8

- 0 =10 3 0 * & + > H /8 ( HY ) 3

0 .0 10 3 8 + (C &- J!

10 ! - E.0 ' 3 2G 5 H UJ - & J!

)? 0 * " 9 1 C+ E. Y / ,T ( S @

0 - =T , SH G &- / ?Y 1-

4 4 + H U1 G ! ;3 1 K " E. F 6

0 0 4 0 + KH U10 G 0 C - H===' I ( - ) G- / ,

0 0 .K K )0* , 0 D * / )& ,

0 =T , S H > 6 ! +G - , > 6 F . , /- </ "

0& - * ,) *+ ) 3 1 K " E. 2 * Y + 1 5@ ; -

0 4 0 K , 4 ( 4 5J @ *

1 / E (C &- 9 / = 4 + - ,' I / *@ G

=2 * ./ & ( O 4 + YC 9. / 8 & - , ./

,' 8 , " )* ! . '% & + -

H( 06 H 8 , 8 0 + / . ' 8 + 3 > :/ * , 6- -

Y 0 5 )/ @ * &# ! ? ,+ 3 * K "

0 1 " E. ( Y 8 E5 O (

195
 03] < 06 0 " H /8 ( HY - ,4 ; # &

= 8 + * ? )* , ( 1 " E. 9 . + 3

'0 2 3 ! * ' 8 - K1 I

(0 ) 0*+ 10 " 0 )* * " " ; - 2; 3 " , 3] K H H

0 ,) 0*+ C * 6 " )* ; 3 " ,

=* )* )/ ; -

.0 =! ' - )* ; 3 ( ! . '% " 9 /

UJ - J! - , , & )*

0G; ,V # = ( /8 ( * 9 /H

- T==O 8 . > + ; ,E - , < S I V # /8 ( ,V #

0 , /- " )3 5 = - - €> ( V #

0<" 0+< 4 06" 0 / !0 !" 1 " /8 2 /- 2 3 = 3;

0 (0 & , 4 ! !" 2* O ,

0< 0 , 063 GT ,> ,2 S /8 < =J / ! 1 K Q I

0 0 0< 0 /8 @ =1 * * 6 4 (

0 K 0 0 , < , +< , <6 Y 9 6 1 G /8 ( 2 4

K =T 0 0* < 0 ( F Y S 2 * (

0 T== &- == G S " >6 *@

, SH G - ? K 2 " J /8 (

=T

196
 50 J 0@ * & - ! .* 1- 1 G

, 3b 1 " + 3 <6 * " / CG *+

1"0C ;3 ,E /8 ( ) *+ ,D ( ) *+ - & - -

= ( Y ( ' 1 /- 1 H /8 ( HY -Q

,H 0 /8 (0 HY 0 ( Y ! K C#

F 0 ./ ) ./ ! . '% 3] F 9 / - C- @ ;

? ,H ; #H '% 1& * ! E. 8 + = &- K '%

9 0 '% F ./ = * ! - )* 6 6

( Y ) 3 C+ 9 . ( 1 ! > 2 /8

9 0 . (0 0C+ 1 * ! . =H /- ( HY ) 3

0+ 0 0 " 50 0 N 0 = 6 I ; # + ( ) 3

, 0 0 - 6 I ) !( + 3 " + K C# , ; #

E.0 ' - =TTamimi, 2001:130) /8 " 9 .( 1

, 0" 0 (0 Y ) 3 9 . )? J K * ! - 6 I "

(0 - 0 " ' 0% Q" > .# ) 1 ? K, 1

= X * )!

M0 0 5 0 ,H " H 1& ! E. & +

10 K " E. 2 * 9 . 2 3 ! ) '% F ./ 1 K " E. 2 *

0/ F ./ . . = ! . ; # 8 +

" ./ 9 / O H U1 ;3 J! ) O - D , ?

197
 0 K Q" 0 1 ; 3 " E. /8 ( ( ! G E-

0 1 -! ./ )? .K = 3] >! . 6 >! K

N 0 0" )* ( 1 M , +< - ) " 6 #

0 0 I * : , ( ( 9 "+

=T , ?S H *K) * " - " "

0 (0 5 & ! ) 6 I 2/ .M

M0 , ; # " ( 1 : &K X * )!

( 6 - I ( 51 : & * ! ) 2* ?

9 " N G * J./ 5 J / ? +<

0 0& ! ) ) *+ )3 * - , (

=/ = ?I ) ) ) = ( 1 " - I 1 :

) D 4 D 3 0 ()2 E, 60 ) ($, )

!G($, # (/ )

8 , ,A

0 " 2 0/- ( ) *+ ' " ' % 2%@ 1-

0 " + 3 H( 6 H 3 J +%@ 9 . )* M , " " 3'

0? " / ? + 3 H ; #H " " " ' H H Q ?5

5= 3 8H H Q ?8 1 3 ( ) *+ = ; #

) % A 9 52 5 8) 5 2 A 9

.= H - / 5 80 5 )3 U 2 ) 5 3 U 2 (/ 5 .H 2

198
 6G Q" & - 9. " , 5 , ) A 9 5 8

= 6G 9 ; K ' + " ; # +

0 90 CK C ? *@ - ' " 1 (

,10 " 0C ! 3] C ? ) *+ 1 " E. Q I ! * )

)= ) = ? I ) 1 2; 3 ) 8 " " U " &- 1 X *@

)= Q = H E, M % / ) A 9 U 2 M + 2

%. H= + = 2 4 ) ) %F A 0 ) ) ( F F) ,& F ) A 9 ?I

=F) 2 F) A 9 ?I ) Q H E, M

) A \ = " ( G; '% 2 3 3] "

50 06 0 ,. H $ 4) ) $ (2 ) 2 )

0 H 8H ; # - " '% ? ( )! "

0 (0 6 " - " . '% ,+ 3 )* 2 /-

=H " H ; # '% ?

0 0 & - 0 (0 " )* 6 - " '%

0 - ,H & H ) *+ 9. ( ? HE H ; # ( 5 )* :

0 0 8 .0 # - , 0 ; # ; # )* 3 * -

D0 = 4 ' I 1 K - N 3- - , +

I 1 E. O+ ' " 9 .K K 9 . ' " - " 9 /

= ( "

199
 0+ 3 6 ./ )* /- H 8H - H 6 H ; # '% -

0" 0K 0 ) *+ ./ Q )* : & - 5, " 2 /-

0 >! ,; ( ; # - * 15 = ; #

)* - & 8 I ) " } 4 * )

10 5 0 10 r 0y fGe- G ( 2 > ( Y - ,1C

= ; K ? / ; # ( Q "

? ,H " H ; # ( " 6 . '%

1 0 , ( " 6 ) * K " )* /-

- 0 & 0 9 . ,); # ( Q " ) *+ ./ 5 & ; # "

" =H & H ( ) *+ ( - HE ?H ; # (

& ,* " ; # 8 " 6 V; " 1 )* 8 ) *+ ./

= 6 / ?

=/ F = F F =( & F ($, ) '% 2 3 D & "

8 )0 , G K ! - ! . '% ) !

0 + K$ - >& Q" ( $) ./ ) !A E.

.0 ' 0% 0 0& ) M 9. = ; # & + , " 8

8 + K$ - >& Q" ( $ !

./ , * ! * ' 8 QG , ; # & + "

= * - H( 6 H - 2 /8 QG / * ' 8 QG

200
? = I )= =2 =8 %S) ($= , ) NH R & " ) & 1

)0* 8 0 M )0* 3 H( 6 H - 2 /- * ! KF ./ " =) A 9

0 H /8 ( H - &# - H HY ; K & - H /-H Y - "

- 0 & 9 .0 4 ; # ) *+ H :H - " (

=* 3 C+ H ? )/+ H ) 3 K : )* M ,)* O ) *+

(0 Y 0 ) 30 C+ H /8 ( HY ) 3 C+ )/ 9.

? = I )= =2 8 %S) ($, ) NH R & " ) 8 1

0 0 E50 O ( Y -! ./ & - - ,) (2

; # H & H 1 " E. ( Y 8

(0 1 " E. 9 . + 3 3] < 6 " H H H /8 ( HY - ,4

? = I )= =2 8 %S) ($, ) 4 NH R 8 " ) & 1

!0 0 - &K K! ) K * ? ,) A 9

.# ) K! ) * 5! ) * ' 8 2 3 = *

= X * )! ( - " + >

? =I ) 2 8 %S) ($, ) 4 NH R 8 " ) 8 1

0 )* : &K )/! ) ;3 + ./ 2 * ,) (2

K! ;3 " . )*C" 1 3 5, ( 1 " - I

201
 ( 6 & , 3] >! . 6 >! K

0 " 0 " ; * *5 " (

= X * )! ( - &# 3b )*C" 1 3 N 3- - = ; #

U =M = = E ' ( ?I ) ) .H

%4 A 9 52 "" A ?I %F F

($= , )= = .H % $ / (2 $

?= )= Q = E = , " % / (&

% =D 4 = # (/ ) ) D 3 G; ) 0% 2

!# 2 ) D # B , 1"

202
 $ (

U " !5

10 " 0 , ( ) *+ + J./ ' ./

- 0 + N 0 0 ( ) *+ < 9 . E- 7 +

" N 9. " N ' % 2; 3 - )? = +

0K 0 + 1 X KJ G ( ) *+

O 0+ 0 ) + ) *+ - K, + '% X

3 - K " N ( ) *+ < F

=) " > - N 1& *@ K$ * C 5 $ +

0 G ) 4 6G & * 3' + D

=H + ( H '"6 6 O " * , ( ) *+

*0 " , 0 + 3 YC K " ' ./

,0 '0? ' J & ,H + ( H

Y 0C " 9. = " N " N 1 & *6 /

0 0 J 10 )* , ( 2 " + '%

8 0 + , 0 K' ./ ) " 9.= +

,H $= ( = = F = "" $ ( , , U "

0 3 , 0 + ( ) *+ , + ./ C

0 ,H + ( H * " +

203
 0C 0 / , ' I 1 G; H + ( H

=H + ( H ' - / &- +

#= = = E 2 HU " E. & + -

, ( 2 " + '% C %F $ ( ( +

= J ,1

204
 F $ ( F "" $ ( , ,

"

0" N 0 ( ) *+ + '%

)*6 , + N ) *+ X J O " " N

0 K " N < X F O+ ) + ) *+

0" , + 3' ) " > -N 1& F *@

4 0 ! 0 K N - E.0 0 8 , ( * 4 +

) 0*+ 0 X 0 ? = C ! 1 K ( ) *+ Q ?

) 0*+ 4 : & / , + 3 H + ( H

= C ) (

,H 0 ( H K : &e- + 3 @

'"06 - K 8 ./ N - ,J '% '"6 ' N- /

0 & * &) X ./ =1 " 8 & )*6

K , " - " N ( ) *+ 4

= 0 + 4 3 *@ KN- + C * *6 D -

0 2 @ * + + C " 4 + 3

0C 0 0 + 0 0 3 ./ ' = + ( *

0 1 -H + ( H , +

:0 & - 1 56 + C D - E- 5 " , -

205
0 0/ 1 X I G ,H + ( H 4

= + ./ ; 3 1 C -

0 (0 ) 0*+ - 2 YC - + ./ / ,.

/ P + C J./ G; , +

0 0 3 0 H 0 + ( H ! E. X

0 0 D / & - < 8 / P. , ' I +

0 - 2 YC - P + C "G / -4

0 + C G; , + ( ) *+

=9 .

$ (

) 0*+ 0 *6 + + '% + X )

- G " N ( ) *+ 4 - )? , ) G (

) 0*+ 0 + X - K ,) *+ 456 C - - & *

0C + 0* /- , 0 + * *6 *@ - G (

…
L 0 0 - 0+ (0 G * + - < K + @ );

, 0 - 0+ S H 0 . 0 6H 1 8 B = l l

0 < K HU - , l l L T4 / + S - + - 9 . =T

$(= 0K 0 0* K < 0 # " G+ J./ /

=T , - + S H=== $ (

= + . ) - 4!?H + -H -H + 2 c9

206
 0 + )@ 6 : *@ - , J.*

6: *@- =) @ ./ 6 + ( / N

)0 - + - E " = K M 4

0 0 0 /! - , + 4 / D K )/

0 0 + 4!* - : K @ -

0 - 0+ 0 * & ! /! ;3 K

>0 * * /- ,4 C a1 - N = ; G+

=T , S , " G ,

K N - 18 + '"6 L / 3 + " - + 6 ) , .K

'"06 0C - ) < # ; ) G. 4 8 ) G

( ) *+ ! 4 2 " C - %6 K , +

= - + . 6 H + ( HY ) 3 V D , +

) 3 V ) + ( ) *+ *6 ) -

) 0*+ 0 9 . =) / *6 4 H + ( HY

0 * *06 0 D - J *@ . + (

0 ( ) *+ &- D h +

= +

207
' 0% " O 5 + - E. - +

O 0 5 0 - 0+ N - G = + GK -4 3 & +

0 GK 0 0 + b " 9. , + '"6 4 +

0 ) 0@ 6 J./ 6 4 : \ K, +

)* 0 '% ] " K *@ - 8 ./ & =) +

'0 & " , @ + )@ -4 C )*

, 0 8S H 03 0 )@ + )@ -H U 8

=T

? + 5 )* ] ' % Q" N -

, 0 0@- "C 3 " " " - = "

. '% " D , < # ; (C 3 + (

@ 1 - )? + " ! @ + ( 5 "

@8 & " " 1 @ E. ! 9. &- ;

+ " ( ) ; - V " =! ./ *

0 : > 06 K ) 1 5 X G , 4 / 8 " + (

N , + ( 4 4 " ' " + 3 " O </

50 X G 0 0 =0 " " 2 5 8 ./ 5

0 / 15 N D = C -' 1" G < < # ;

) 0@ - 0 " .K ,H H 2 3 ; 2 8 G + N K

208
 0* 0 8, 3 ; * - H H * (

=T $ U , S ( )@ ( 3 ? * B 3 * @

( -X * @ + ( 5 )* + ' % Q"

0 )* ] " + GK " 3 " " J ?

0 0"G H ( H 5 K )*C" GK

" \ ! 5 )/ , < # ; "C 3 K

0*@ *06 0 9 . =H ( H : *5 : 6

<0 0 + +& - 4 & H + ( HY

./ ) 3 V ,) *+ ./ 2* : C " & ,); #

=4 4 Y

0 + ( - - * , - !

( &- + + < - , "G

0 + : * 4 C1 C G = +

E 0 0 0 0 " C D , l l L

H 0 + 0 ( H 5 -J * ' " ;3 C 4 6 !

,J 0@ * ( /- * - ! -E " = "G

0" 0 0 2 6 > " - *- , 8

0 0& 0 b 2@ ;3 , +

'0 - /8 & ' = 1 G; H ( H ) *+

03 3 & 5 $E *+ : G ? $ * E

209
B ,4 I F C - 56 ? ]2 @

$ U ,E 0 S 30 b (G ' G

=T

0 + + '% + X ) 1- 2 C - "

) 0*+ V GL ./ G ) 9. , ) G ( ) *+ *6

0 * *06 0 1 - ,H + ( H

)* 0 : 0+ 0 ' 0% 2 3 2 Y C " , - + " +

=H + ( H * " + 3

F $ ( F ( $ ( , ,

0* 8 , ( * 4 "a + - K 6-

0 / ? 2 3 + ( " 3

=) " > - N

0 3 9 0/ - 0K 6 H + ( H )* " ' % )@"

0" 0 0 - G , C 6 N 3- - Y 6 - +

,10 " 6 G O+ =* K - H + ( H

- 0 0 K ,Y 0 6 * 3 + - , )@"

50 " D ,Y 6 9 .Y C " K = C 6 9. c

0C 0" 0 *0 3 ,* ( +

Q " /) ( = + ( 3 2 @ *. +

210
0 ,/ 0 V 3 1- 2/O ./ 8 + C 3

- * 56 + ( 4 4! 3 ! - K 6

= + 3 YC

" " J ?( + ( 3 2 @ " 1 6 )?

D0 $ 8 I " ; 9. " , &" 4 F C3

0 0 0 " " - K$ ' ; + ( (C3

(C3 + ( , " GK ./ 8 I "

>!0 0 0* < K G- ) + =@ 1 ) < K ;

K + '"6 4 - * - " + C 8 8

0 0 + 0< ; 3 )* ?- X " , / ? 8 & + 3

0 "0C3 0 + C 8 =* )* C C -

= 4 4!? , 8 4 I +C "C3 D " 4

+ @ 10
+ @ >6 K ) )

0* 0 + C 8 2* + O 5

0 + 0C 8 ; < K G ) , ) < K

10
! "
* ( ! # &' ' (") * +
(") ' , - + . /0 1 2 & # 3' 4 % ! "&% #$
5 ' (") 6 + 47 8 ), 39 :( 4 ' : , :2 4
3 ' ( ") - > <@ $ + #2*? ;< & = 9 ' (") - >
@ # ( ") 3 (")D 4 A " " #A B6 + C0 # : - 67
?' (")D) D0 < C ) 04 ' ) +
, E @ (")D * + F ! 2 (")D 4 A # 2_";! l+tZ`GI*
3H < "5 C 2 3 ( ")D 4 A "> >+ G A . ) 1 ( 3' (") * + B 4 1 3 4
http://www.pnic.gov.ps/arabic/gover/plo_1.html

211
4 0 , < 0 # ; 4!? I +C "C3 8 * K

= + '"6 3] >! 6 < K N 3-

6 C+ J./ &K , C+ " )

C 2 8 4 " C + - , 2 - / C +

0* " , < 0 K $ 0 + @ & $ + 8

GK + + - . ) - + (G * 6 - C +

C 8 - 9 . 56 ,4!? I +C C - >! -

" 06 0 < 0 3 l l L = < # ; . +

0 0 + " 6 O 6 , + < '3 8

F0 G 0 I +0C , + '"6 1 ; 3 O " 6 O -

0 0 0 0 G @ 6 6 1 & 3 ,4!?

0 G8 C + " l l L =T , ! 3 S 3

=9 G8 - 6 < 3 "6 " 4 >

0C 0 0 ! 0- 0 4 3 4. J.* ( Q " ./ "

0 + 0C " * 3 + - - " , +

P + 3 / : , + ( * A 3 2 @

0 + 0C " - + 3 5 "

(0 0 3 0 " 0 3 9 /, + ( * A 2 @

0 1 - + ( E- ,1 @ 4 1 + +

0 0 ,* 2 " 1 + G ,) " J I * 2 "

212
 0 / " <C .+ " 6 D ;&

0 )0? 10C - < # ; =ss - , 6

) " ' "6 J ?O + '"6 6 =st & * 2 " +

;0 0 0 )0? * 6 + 3 @ )@ =su & &

0 ( H * " 3 J.* )* : + '% 2 3 =" < K

= & 8 Q" ;3 2; 3 ./ YC ,H +

= F $ 6(/ $ ( , , - 24 B ? I EA

F $ (

(0 H ) 0*+ )* " " , + 39 / - ' % (yq c

0 + 3 )* - K , 3 J./ )* 2; 3 15 GH +

* " + + )* 5 " / )*G + ,J * " )* : +

,H 0 + 0 ( H 3 J./ " 9 * =J J

0* 0 0 cq r 8 3 4 < ! 18 1-

=TSaid, 2005:69) 3 *

zb" %!&6 5ct H, c@" * † † )- !/) ( , G( ,

$,
\D ( , '4!@( 6 G )-A &t I!tk5-{T 11
!,-5"H";+ P+'( kX 6L+4+m( 5c7(` V +T - ,(*+( + D&(j )I c@6% & {9 D6 ,$
,\D ( \D(|'3 l+
w, t , (
** ,, ^!EZ '[T !• ; * W5, &,T
6;+T")(* \D()- , ,5c7( ,„5&( |( K, '6
;K* ^&({";
g ! 6A &t0T "0( p! S 0" *, $
,\D ( \ D( 4 &(L+7&( 4 5(*)6 *;*B 7" H+T 4 )( G 5'&(` *K
j W5, $\D (+&'4*. 4 &( G
, 5'&(| 56!&DE HG ƒ
-T 6D( F&(P<D( "6Q59 T
(*U<D(aT (Z
* , ^!EZ (*+6
5ct W5$'6k! 4*; Q5T $ !9V. P 5E*K , "8,5"i$ 45$ E; * ;, &, T
6 7G&(Q*+( , ( G 5'
† † ,
$Kj35- *, ( kK , 6A &t
h( n+'6 * P W DGC- KQ<t 6 , c4! B L+7&( 4 5(P5T "WK 91K , G( ,( B 4 +6j t* , \D-`GI12
Q<t `7" '3 (0('(Q* 8, &/)-L+, t5( (
*+( P Y!'(
&,-a>m( i%g!'x 4 z9fX - P _, H( *` K * ,^!EZH t )()3 ;B )-_$ a>/‡ )$ ,\D (8&m&(13
O0HT76 ,
^!EZ_E;&"1! $ >, ,&"# $%W IWZ*J H\ D(5'b 4 , ^!EZ ( * )$ [5 *!9'4* ), $,
\D 6+'6
W5'b 4 0%*0H-b E , 6
! Q* )3 ;K V &, )-_^ 5m({9D6Q 7(_6!TE )$ ,\D (8&m&( a>/# $ %*
+T-)( (6*Q*+(h " ,D$ /j _( 5 t+'6Q*+(h " '&m&6q +G+T - ,6
!vQ* j( Z!/%1i(*!Vˆ a>m(* H\D(
`7"83 VQ>4 5%* L >v.\* , 6
!C( b()3 ;Kj 5/5&(5H-jT 9"1i(!, VB a>m( KQ*+(h"L !\, D(8bV
,(
* H6g!'* 9 $ , $,
\D- \E 5/*0v;), ^!E= Q<t \E

213
 H 0 + 0 (0 H : '" - *5 "

0 /8 0 : , @ 5 - " D = ; !

0 * 4 0 " 6 / ; * ! - " +

0 ,4 6 3) 6 * * K' K + '"6

0 0* , * G Q * / , G - 6 *C" -

, 0 ( : -N = " !; ' K <;

0 0! 0 1 + Q , ; 1 " E. 3 ./ K 6

06 0*G ( 9. : J./ F " + E. 8 ;

;0 0 0 V 3 ! O " , + '"6 < 2 3 * 3

=T , S "6 6

0 ( : 2; < 4 H *5 "

€ " €. " + 5) ? )/ K " D H> \; #

-N =1 + G G; " J./ " - " N , " /8 @ G;

0 0 /8 @ !+ K - + '"6 C < # ; ; "

0 90 0C 2 G ( <" - / * 2& K C 8

0 F > * )/- - N * 9 . =* + '"6

0 ) " ( ,H + '"6 "6 H N , #

0@ 50 X G 0 = " ) " E- ) - * C , < # *

4 0H 1 -( ) , \; K - 4 €C - / +

=T ,) ?S H> \; # ( : 2; <

214
 + 3 " ,' % F ./ K CK

O 0 O : ( " H ( H

) 3 C+ ' % F ./ - 9. , ( 3 9 . =O "

0 " KH UX G E. X - ) / K > :/ ,H + ( HY

>0 ; 0 ;0 + 1- * 3 +

0 0 + ; , C / . )

" ( .K , " ( ( "

B 03 / 0 0 ) / -, / - + O

0 0 1 M ,0 * F )* " 8 * : @ G; " 0

0" -. + '"6 8 @ , ( B 3 ( )" 3 +

(0 4 0 ** 2 " ) , ; X " )

0 / / 3 ./ = ; / < ,

0 0 ( * 2 " : -N * 9 . =H +

" ,N 38 *; & + @ ? *+ @ - K + ( & 4 C

! 0K J0 ' *" H + ( H +@ A? ' ? -

J./ ( , O 54 K * @+ + *

(0 0 0 0 O0" O 0 O : /XG

=T ,X -S + ( O , l

215
 0 '0? 0 0 + 3 - " * ' / ' -

>C V 3 O 5 H + ( H 5N 1" > & .* , " >&

F 0 0 0# E 0+ 1 H -XG = ( > G# Z -

)0 ./ , "+ 4 C " - K 4 *

=O {,
9(
JN "

) 30 0 " ! ' I + 3 - " 9 / -

) 0*+ ) 3 0 H U - X G 0 0* ;/ > :/ , + (

& , ' ?) + " ! H ( H

(0 H 0 E- M . = * C + 6 *

06a 0 9 ! = ' ? / 1 + , + H

=T , ; /S H( ./ &# @

0 0 + 0 3 )* : + + 3 '% -

- , 3 J.* )* : D ,H + ( H * "

) 0" ' 0 ' ? -N =H ( H ( ) ' ?

H + ( H ' ' ? - " =H ( H

0* 0* cqr 8 3 4 < ! 18 J

(0 H 0 : 0 " ' I + 3 -N = 3

2; < 4 ' 1- N = ; * '" H +

' ' ? -N = # > \; # ( :

9. ,O " O O : /H ( H

216
(0 0 >& ' ? -N = ( 3 '

> G# Z - >C V 3 H + ( HO 5 D , +

0# 1 0 H 0 ( H ' ' ? - , (

4 0C 0 " - K 4 * F

(0 ) 30 " ! ' I + 3 -N = "+

= +

0 0 0 + 3O " )* : + ' % 2 3 , .K

20 Y 0C " , 8 ./ + 3 2 - " ,H + ( H

(0 H 0 0 ' ? @ + 3 &-

=H +

? D # 3A/ F $ ( F "" .1.5

, 0 ' I & *K 6- + 3 @

06 , ;0 )? 6 9. " , ;

0 0 )? * 6 + 3 @ )@ ( , + '"6

0 X =H ( H : &e- , < K ;

= 0 + 0 0 H ( H X H ( H

* 06 6 3] " - ,J E- , / (

4 0C 0C + 0 6 9 . , )- ( 1 5 )/ - '%

/ ( C - I / - /

=1 C - I

217
 0 + H ( H '% ?

0 0 0 ' ? " 9 9. , " 9 * 2 3

(0 0 06 ' % 2; 3 .K = * + + 3

- K, " N *& *6 + "

0 " N 0 1 & *6 ) F / 6 )*

0 0 0 ( YC " = " N

0 0 6 " )* YC - , ' I " +

= (

( H - 6 4 C ' % 2; 3 E :

)* 0 : 0 )0* ; 3 KH ( H 6 4 C) )- H

.0/ & , 6- + 3 ./ =J

0 ( N 3- 6G - 6 F ./ & - F

= " - " N >

@ H + ( H < )* Y C (

0 > 0 J "0C G) ./ ,) G- K ./ ) " , ' ?

0 0 5 " ./ M , " G G K , .*

0 " E. ) ./ G ' ? @ H + ( H

) 0" ) V 3 *M >& Q" K =1 .6 > & ,1 C

=F + G >& ,J "C E.

218
) 0" ) 0 + H + ( H K

0 0 0 15N '% & " , < G K) G -

)* 06 0* 0 6 ) ./ '% 6 4 H ( H

( H 15 " )* M * 6 6 ) ,

=H

50 " ,H + ( H " 8 " '% -

0 (0 H 0 6 $' % 8 ) / 6 $

" )* + 6 ) K )* - K ,H

)* : + 3 )* 9 . = C -Y 6 9. " G , "

- + - " 9 * , + " -

(0 H - " -= " ; - " 9 / = &

0 0 0 - < # ; @ H +

' ? @ H ( H )*G + )? )* - =

0 '% ) " ,H + ( H 6 + 3 )* - K

0K H + ( H 6 )* K T & ) E-S ) ./

UF - &; &

, )0 + G 6 H + ( H - " & Q

= < K ) G G ' @

= ) " 6 H + ( H - " 8 Q

219
0" E- + ) G " 6 H + ( H - " 8 Q

Y 0 06 D & F + ' % Q" N 8 Q" YC G = )

./ YC =9 . C )*+ 1 - K H + ( H 6 YC

UT $ S 6 ;3

#$$% & % &

'(
# ) * +,

'$ ' ( '$ .

- '( -
- +, - +,

- '( - '( - '(

. / - +, . / - +, - +,
0112 0134 0128 . 567

T $ S 6

' ? @ H ( H YC

0 90 F -) G & - ;3 9. , C 3 ./ J - E.

( ' % 2; 3 ' YC " - K1 =/ .

' 0% 2; 3 ' YC - , & ) & 8 + H +

0 / & ) D & F + 8 )

'% - / &- , + - + ; M + C

0 6 8 ) '% -D , - + 6 .

0 6 & ) D & F + ' , ( -

- ; M D / Q , ( -

0 - * 56 " 6 O * ' - +

=)* ;3 ' -YC 26

220
 F $ ( F " /4 /W & " . .1.5

0 0 06 4 C . E- , 8 ) '% 4 6 ! "

4 0 > E C 3 6 -4 6 " =H ( H

(0 50 X G = ( ! /, $( G; " ( 4

,(0 ? 1 . )< G M , ( ! K 56 1-

=( >6 K 56

( E K )G )@ 1 ) G E K *- 4 6 2A"

Q - 0 T S 4 # )@ .* = @ - > K1

0 E 0 G )@ / =Q 8 J./ E 6 , 4

0/ 4 0 0 K) =J 3 1C - N ) 3

0 )0 > 0C 4 K, F , " :6 ) @ ,) " ) @ C ,( 6

0 (0 H 0 D 0 M0 1 =T ,4 6 S '< C ( , ;3

0 ' ? HU ,1 " ); / ( > G# 4 < V 3 ,H +

* Q" " @ M T <? ! / S +

(0 9 = ; ( > G# > C ,H " H YC

=T ,4 6 S H9 . ? - ) ( /

' ? H ( H 9 / - Q 4 6 - YC

0@ 0 + ' ? H ( H Q" 1 5N ,

9 0/ - 0 Q 0 1- =9 . ? - ( / ;

0 J.0/ - 0 " D 0 , >6 @ H ( H

221
 0 4 0 0K 0 + , ; / - ( + * )@ +

" 4 ' ? M + 1- XG =* + )* .+ *

J " ( *G 56 ( ' ?1 . G

= 6 ?

0 ) 0" ' I + 3 5 " 4 6

0 + '"06 6 + 3 5 C- " , (

=H ( H : G ( : ; -

0 '0I 0 + 0 3 - 1- 4 6 6 9 / -

4 0C N 0 E. ,E > :/ , ( )"

0 (0 5J E- .* " , ( - 6

10G 0 3 0 / 3 K + - I

6- =T ,E S 6 J @ * )! .* ,1

0 ; M0 0 0 0 , 6 ./ ' YC "

= +

F $ ( F " /4 W 8 " . .1.5

0 - 0 8 ) '% ( + 3 & ) '% - G

0 )* + )? ,H ( H E C 6

K ,H 0 ( 6 - )*C H ( H

( - " E- ,H + ( H 6 + 3 )* -

222
 " 6 1- " , ) " 6 1- " , ) G 6 +

0 ( H 6 )* ; 3 $ = ) " E- ) G

; 03 0 )* 2; 3 ./ YC ,F - &; & K ' & ) ) H +

= & 8 Q"

/ 3F $ ( F W & Q . .1.5

( H M 1 K ,' % & ) & Q X - )/ K "

H + ( H -XG * = ) + G 6 H +

50 0 ,1 06 6/ +06 G8 C + - " 1 - )? */ Y -

, + C * + " *5 4" A GH + ( H

U + ( ( - * 9.

0 + ! J./ ; 3 1 - " U * 3 U6 & (

0 3 + '"6 1 J./ 1- N D = / /

O 0 5 0 @" J./ " , * ' & !

0 : 6 ? I E " -N , ; 2* E '! 8

0" . 06 8 ' I " 9. 5N 1 , J./ (

( : * ) G 9. 1- K 4 6# ( 1 - K 6 =

. 9 .( 1 = " 9 .] ; " ) Y ./ K

0 + 0 " :0 U & ( : / :

, N " " , '! , 0 ; # " ,

0 " E 3 E , \; # '! , : , " < :

223
 0 0 0& 0/ ? = ' " " " , 9

=/ . '! 8

J./ , 1 * - U = W 8 (

+ ( -( K ) + * ; N - ,J @ *

0 Q * 3 * *6 =4 I (G 1 &"

(0C 5XG 1 = '! 8 3 C + 6 "+ +

0 )* 6 + O , " " Y ) "

)0 0 )" ) O 5 = "6 @ ;3

)0 - 0 K =4- 0 )" O 5 ) " )" O 5

= ) + @ O 5

J.0/ 0 ,J @ * U H= 36 0 ) W88 (

)/ ,E " . , @ '! 8 6" !

0 .0 / , ; 0 6 K =2 = =) * 5

, 0 + 4 0& G 4 G *- ,* -2 3 "6 ; :

= - + > - K

=) 3 N J./ U H 3 ( 3 2 W2 (

+0C 0 + . ) - G+ *" G 2=

O 0 E 0 T 0 ( S *@ - G+ (G . 1- N ,4!? F G I

X G0 =N 3- * ; G * + * C "

224
(0C 0/ 0 (C / O (C ) G . ) ( 15

,N 03- 0* * ; 1 '"6 Y - , ;

=T ,X -S 4 (C 5

0G -0 + ( 6 8 5N E. X - -

;0 0 0 , ' I & + 3 - " = )

06 ) + 3 J - + '"6 *6 6 , < K

/ S, H ( H D 15 " ./ ,H ( H

0 !" 0 0 / H ( H 6 < ,' % J ?J " -

0 , 6 > H + ( H 5 " K ,T4 6

0 X 0" ) 0 " -. + '"6 - " = 3 (

0 " 9., ( 4 ** 2 " ) , ;

= ; / <

/H + ( H ** < - G X -

06 + - " ) K $ 1- " )- < # ; > ;

9 .0 0/ = ; / " " $H + ( H

10 0 - 0I 0 1 - O G ( 1 /. " . (C G

,0 H ( H G; - Q + V. ./ ,H + ( H

&K K1 ;3 X - " =* / * G; " J./ F - &Q +

E- , + 3 @ H ( H J @ *

225
 0 + (0 F C3 @ , + '"6 6 @ , ' ? @

= ;

, ;0 0 / " -Q , <? + 8

0 0 / H / M $( ) $ (( $( F / ; 8

0* G; J @ * &K 1 E. V. 3 , + ( ( >

0/ I " ; - G E- = H ( H

J.0/ 0 ,H ( H 15Q E. ( ./ **

0 0 0G; " 5 " , C - = 6 ? -

E. V. > GX - - E- ,H * H G; H4 ! H G; / (

( H1 - I I G V. ./ > ,1 /- ( '

( " " 2 ) ,J G - 1C 8 / ,H +

E. V. 1 - E- ,H "H < " )G K , " " 9 ,

0 (0 H 10 - I I 1 - 1 /- ( '

=H +

/ 2 F $ ( F W 8 Q . .1.5

- 0 " 0* , & ) & F + '% & - !' "

J - ;3 9. - = ) " 6 H + ( H

)0 " 1 6 O 56 4!? F G I +C H + ( H -

0 ( H - " 1 - )? = - - ' ? @

, G8 6 9 15N 1 - K ,X / 4!? F G I +C H +

226
 0 ( H /F +C ( - " = ( B < 3 )@"

" -, " 6 6 + -N D , H +

0 & + " * )@ J )? 9 . ,)* 3

0 -,0 * " -, - ,* 3 - @ - '! - 6

, 0 0 -S 0 (0 K $ $4 " E C @ 3]

=T

(0 - , )0 0" 6 H + ( H - G -

0 (0 H 50 0 " 1 - ./ " , H + ( H / 4!? +C

0 " 10 - 0C - 0 " = + 6 G ' ? 6 H +

H 0 ( H %6 ) - < 6 + '"6 6 + 3

0 0" * 9., & ) '% 8 F + X -J O , 6

- 0 " 10 - 9 .0 " =H + ( H / 4!? F G I +C

0 " 1 ,H ( H 6 ( ) ; + 3

'"6 < # ; @ 6 ; @ H + ( H 5

H 0 ( H 6 Q 9. / , ) + C h +

; @ ( - 3

=X - "

( " " ' 2 ) 9. - M , J./

=H ( H 1 : &M 2 / 1 K , " " 9

0 , + '"6 6 + 39 / 59 - 8

227
'"06 06 0 + 0 0 3 )? H ( H M &

O 8 ./ , H + ( H ; 6 +C 4!? - G +

O0 0 S ) - 6 ( K &

K9. & , ) " 6 H + ( H 5 C- G ,TX -

0" * )@ J )? 9 . , ) G " 9 / -

-, - ,* 3 - @ - '! - 6 & +

(0 0 K $ $4 " E C @ 3] -, * "

0 K 0 E 0C - 0 - @ 9 - - " ./

0 ( K *C) - ) G 6 , , (

0 1 "G - - * ) H " H < " J./ =J @ * ' +

3 )? H ( H & - - 18 CG J./ , CG

H 0 + ( H -1 N E. G + = + '"6 6 +

+0C 0 0 9. / H + ( H 1- ) " 56

40 H + ( H @ & Y - " ,4!?

06 56 J./ M 9 . ) G 6 *5 2 " 1 + / , * /-

Y0 .K 1 -2 =4!? +C J E. ( 3 56 )

506 ) 9 . ,4!? +C 3 ) 56 ) / + ( @

0 ' !0 8 (0 O 0 5L 0 " - 5 " ./ / P ) "

228
2 " , , ( K E C - @ "

P )- H + ( H C @ J./ K

0K 0 ) /.3 < H " H G K - - YC , .K

0 10 G 0 > , " - ( " " ' 2

)0 - %6 - , H + ( H / ,H + ( H 6

10 - - YC =1 6 - I 1 6 - I , %6

39 G O+ H ( H J @ * &M 2 /

0 6# 1 * G O+ ,1 / & -1 , + '"6 6 +

0 10 + (0G - 0 K 9 .N - + '"6 6 + 3 *3 G

= CG

0 (0 H 0 06 0 + - " 1 - )? - -

0 0 &; & 9 / 1- " * , " " 1- KH

0 J./ ,N 3- ( ( , * - +

4 + '! 8 @ , < # E " ) , / 1- '

0 " 0 " 6 G =2= =) 4 G " * =2 = =) 4 G ,F +C

10 K 0 < # ; -= & )* , Q 8 + "

D =( ' " 6 ( 13 D H KH ' G-

0 0<I 0 > &; & 1- "

0" 0 0 K )0 ( " .+ < # E " ; ( , + (

229
 0 0 < F *"C3- , + 3 ( @ , +

=* C

1 - K ,H + ( H 6 + - " ) K -

(0 H 10 - I 1 - O G ( 1 /. " . (C G

10 8 , H ( H G; Q + V. ./ ,H +

0 , ' I + 3 @ H ( H &M 2 /

0 , ( G; Q + E. 1 /. V.

- 9 / 5 " - G, ' ? @ H ( H &M 1 /

= "

0 H H0 H !A 1 5 , ' I + 3 1 #

;0 5 " - G E. G + =J - ;3 ! ./ 9 - ,H

,( ' " 6 ( 13 D H H K ' G8 < #

0 0 >0 / . D ;& < # ; 5 9.

06 0 0 & =2= =) - AG , + ( <I

=)* 6 Q 8 + " " "

, < 6 ? ; + ( * G; " '

50 Q 0 + 0 9 E- 7 < I ; - "

N 3- 2= =) =* " - ** - I (

M0 0 J./ 15Q + ) / ,O 6 " " &

230
Q + 1 - E- " )* & O 6 " H H & / =2= =)

H1 H + ( H 5Q + K , ** H + ( H 5

= < # ; & H

0 * 1 H + ( H - & - - -

0G; " " - Q + E. 2G / ,1 : & E. 2G 3 9., ;

0G; " - 0 " E. 3b 2G 3 ) =H * H G; / H ( H

=H * H G; H4 ! H G; / (

)0 " 6 H + ( H 5 " - G - .K

) H + ( H - 9 / ,J -

0&; & A0 H + ( H - " E. - > :/ ,)

&& T $ S) & ,T $ S) 8 -

90 0 0 '0 I 8 5XG =T) K S)

@+ * & ' K * :

Y * ( ,J @ * , & -= + *

0* & F C3 )/ / &5 4 G IC * O ,

( &?# ,1 - ' , && '? = *+"C- 1 8 8

0 K =T , S *C" O 4 K " " / &5 )

0 # 0 V 03 ) J./ 1 - KH + ( H

= 8 8 HE " H <

231
 - 0 & ) '% & 8 + J C ;3

0+ 3 D ,H + ( H 6 & F + ( 2 3 8 F +

( H 456 8 F + - ,H + ( 6 !

0 2; 03 - = ) " 1 56 & F + , ) GH +

, 3] 2; 3 9 / - D , * 2; 3 /O !

H 0 + ( 456 H E. & F + - - & @ ;

(0 0/ 4!? F G I +C H + ( H - , ) "

(0 &0 0 , 06 X " E. + ( & 1 - E- ,

0* 0 G- )0 < K * + C 8 3 X " E. +

0 0 H + ( H ) ) 8 F + X - -@ ; =*

0 (0 H 0 D 0 15 8 J ;3 D , - "

10 - 0 0 & ,* ) - G 3 ( H +

= + '"6 > - H + ( H D

0@ 0 H + ( H + + '% - )?

06 0 + 3 + 3 )* - K , ' I + 3

06 0 + 3 - 8 F + '% " ) , + '"6

0 > 0 - (0 0 H + ( H 6 ) - < + (

'"06 6 + 3 - & F + '% = 6 3

03 C -( H + ( H 6 ) - < +

0 0 3 0@ ( K + )* - E- , 6

232
 0 3 @ ( K + 3 , ' I +

4506 ! )* 2; 3 56 9 . , + '"6 6 +

=J - H + ( H

/ 2 F $ ( F W 8 Q . .1.5

- " . '% & ) 8 Q V " -

0 0 0G = ) " E- + ) G " %6 H + ( H

H + ( H 5 " 1 - YC Y 6 1 G ;3 - '"

0 6 ;3 C 6 8 ./ - , ) G " 6 G

E. " ! 9. 6 ( -N K * , ( * 6

O+0 10 , + ( @ ;3 + + 1 "

06 ; 6 >C -N G

,N 0 E- =1 / - G 1< GK ( ( C

, 0 S 10 06 J 0 0 0 K ( *

=T

0 >C 5 J ;3 )*+ - , .K

0 .K , 0 ( / 6 1 - ,J (

0 (0 H 50 N 0 1 - ./ " ( >C 6

D 0 ) J./ , + >C + " 6 O 6 " K 6 ) H +

0 06 0 5 " ) K 15 9. > = + ) G " K

,0 ) K C 6 6 1 ,H ( H

233
 0@ 0 H ( H " 9. ,H ( H -

0 ) @ ; )? + 3

0 ( 1 - I J - & - YC =

= + C *& /

0 (0 H 0 '% 2; 3 1- C

.0 0 ,9 .0 J 2; 3 ./ \ =H +

(0 0 G .M = 6 )* + 3 J

,H + ( H 6 - 4Ayc > *; 3 )*< ] )* -

0 0 3 )* 0 : + )* ; 3 8 J./ ( -@ ;

0C 0" 4 + 3 ,1 * " +

0 0 3 0 0AI D 0 - 1 56 + C AI E5 , +

0 0 (C + 3 .M , +

0 (0 H 0 0 - 0/ * K M , + C

= + C & H +

0 (0 H 0 0 G G; 9 / - ' % Q"

0 + ( )* ,H +

) G -XG E. Manuel Hassassian > :/ , 8 6 / *6

E 0 - lE C ( K + lE ( j + ( A5 @ F

j 0 + (0 0 ,0 c 8 6 ( F C 5 " =

0 (0 0 - N 0 9 .( 1 = " D 4 4 : 6 , 3

234
 0 0 0 C J &5 j +

=(Hassassian, 2002:134)

-H 0 + 0 (0 H 9 / .K

:0 & - 1 56 + C D - E- 5 " 9 . M ,1

0 (0 H 0 0 I G ,H + ( H 4

, 0 + 0C / (C - / ,H +

' 0% 0+ 3 8 &: - / J.* 2 "

=H + ( H

? =I 5 = $ 6(/ 8 $ ( ;" $ ( 5 .1.5

$ ( $( ) $ )H

, + C D - : '" G

9 .0 , 0 8 06 " C J./

/ 0 (0C 0 M = < # 3 D

90 -, " 6 " + C

; Q 3 = < K 3 . , 8 6 D G

0 / 0 (0C 0 /O , D 8 a G + 3

(0C - 0/ , C J./ (C + C

0G G - , * 8 *& ) K *& + 3 /

06G ) ( ,+ 3 6G * &- - / J./ "

/ ./ & D &- " K2* , /O 9. 8, / J./

235
0 (0 - @ ; I ,H + ( H '% -

)!0 *"0C 0C 0 4 8 / / 1

0 , 0-D 0 - D - C * , *&

0 0&- * - *& + " *& )

<0 - \ 0 K / J./ & \ E: =H + ( H

0 <0 - 1 ;3 " ,C + / C

> :0/ + & - )*+ & < - * ,H + ( H < K

=H + ( H )* - > '%

*"0C / "+ & G : # ) - KJ

J.0/ 0& = + 3 I + C D G

06 0/ 0 K 6 Q" ' % 6 - 2 YC - * 56 :

0 06 J " 2 /- K1 6 ;3 ' " , < HE " H

- 0 0 ? 1M * 6 6 9 J @ * & ,J @ &K

0K 0 * ) 6 " =J @ ) *+ L 456 3

10 ) *+ L 456 *;3 < K K " " ' 2

0 '0 10 - O ( " . 1 /. ' E- H " H -

0& 8 0 K : 0+ &8 C / \ V ,1 - I

= :6

236
 E 2 $ ( 30)/ )A/9 . .1.5

'% " G + 3 5 C -

0 0 J 5 C - ,H + ( H

- 0 =J - 4 C )*C" 6 * ,J

0 0* 2 0 " GK ; # &5 2 2 "

H ( H - 6 . ' % Q" -

=4 6 /

; K , 4 &- G + ; K CG - K 6 - I

0 = + "0C 10 K 1& K9 * ; O +

06G 0& - , + GK " ) + 5 " +

0 ; # ) - + (G D , " * + ; K

0 >* E- 3 O 3 * +

0 0 0"G G+ .+ < # ' Q 9 / , l l

O < 0 \ A0 0 0 C + &" , < # +

0 40 0 &- G , ' ; M 4 +

3 , ' + ; M * 6

0 0 \ M " = K

-N 0 0 0 , < 0 # ' IC 4 G & 8 / ; K G -N

0 0 Q 03 " =T , S4 3 . / .3 ( 6 FC 8

.0/ 0 , " 0 ) GK - / * , ; K

237
 ,; & + U \ / =; - G- O 8

" * ;3 C ( + < # + K -

(0 0* 2 + GK ; # + ./ + - , "

&:0 - 0 2 , * 2 " 4 . 9 /Y -9. ,

- 6 . '% - ./ & D

PH ( H

0 GK ; # ./ &: - 2 *

0 (0 0 - 6 . ' % Q" -

0 0 4 06 ! & " ,)*C" -1 C " ,

0 (0 H 0 0 - 6 - . '% , C -

+ GK ; # / & G < 8 C" \ 9 . ,H

=4 6 1

1- H ( H 6 - 6 4 6 - )?

0 (0 ) 0G ; 0 0 G8 E @ 2 HU

10 - " C - ./ , ( ,) " 1 , +

(0 06 0 " 0* ' ? -. = " Y -

=T $ U ,4 6 S H ./ E : " ) 9. , ;

0 0 @ ,1 G ' @ 2 " G ./ 1 G ; 3 , .K 4 6

0 0 @ QI , ( )G + ( - ;

238
(0 = )G + ( 5E @ J GK , * *K

0 (0 10 ) 0G + ( 9 / - " ,

0 ( 1-, 8 8 , -2 ./ ' , +

+ ( 5 1- & 8 , ) @ E- ; @

= .* ) G G

V 03 ,H 0 + ( H D 54 6 1 G N 3- 4 G

0 '0? 0 0" @ - ,1 " ); ( > G#

, 0@ J./ ,H " H / Q" 5 +

- =9 . ? ) ( / ; ( > G# > C ,1 G '

, ; ( > G# > C " @ Q" 4 6

50 03] (G = + ( , ,H " H Q" /

= ( / >! 6 '! 8

(0 0 > 0 G# > C " @ Q" .M , .K

, 0 ( G *5 " + ( 4 6 * ;

0 GK 0 ; # ) J G E. K $ /1 + \ E. :

0 0 ' !0 8 " @ /$* 2 " 4 . +

6 , ( / >! 6 *5 N +

(0 H K4 6 @ * 2 " 4 . + ; # / C

E. " I G '! 8 " @ - )? H

P> 6 E- 6 " 1

239
 0 (0 H 4 C 1 6\ 4 6 M

03 9 0 # 3 + ( Q 3 1 /- 1 8 ,H

E.0 : H U1 ./ 1 3 " , J./ *& G / @

0 J.0/ & -, + ( KV . /1

C - )* J./ 2 =* / @ 3 9 #

U ,4 06 S H10 + ( C - )*

0 - , 6 ( 5J @ * &# =T $

) *+ ( - & ( ) *+ KF 6 ./

- - ./ 1 6 2%@ G 9. , ( G; < (

/ 0@ ( ; K 4 @ 4< HN .K =1 /-

0 0 I E. + G U : ! ,H * " <G

0 0 0G 0 <G / " @ 1 1 ) E.

- 0/ 0 I * ,9 . G- ( ) ,

P> 6 /

0 0C 6 J "C "+ J &- E. : ./ # )

- 0 0 ./ D 1 - )? ,D - D -

0 J &- , + 3 I + C " 1

6 / ( - 4 C 4 6 ! 6 - &

0 (0 HY Q 2 /- K ./ 1 6 ;3 ' " ,HE " H

0 3 9 0 K 0 ,4 06 @ * ' ,Y .* - 3H +

240
 0+ 1 / J 4 C 1 6 = / @

0 ,1 6 E. 6 ./ J @ * & =H ( H K

=0 ( - J @ ) *+ L 456 3 -

0K K , ( " " ' 2 K ) * ) 6 "

, " 1 6 4 6 - =1 ) *+ L 456 4 6 *;3 <

0I 1 - O ( " . 1 /. 4 6 - YC

= ( 1 -

$ ( $( )/ )A/9 . .1.5

, 0* 2 0 " 0 , C - + 3

;0 0 0 )? , < C .+ " 6 D ;&

( H '% 3 J./ " 2 A = < #

0 0 0/ )*C" 6 * ,J 1 ,H +

> 0C 0 06 0 / ( C 6 4 C

0 ( H 5N 15, 9. ) K , " ./ 6 - ,

" 06 O 0 06 " + 6 " 1 K %6 H +

- , )- > CG 9 / .K X ! => C +

90 . 0 ' / < CG ) @ 1- E- =9 . '

> 0C ; 0 0 Q 3 C P )- H ( H

H0 " H 6 26 - 1 56 3] \ , +

.0/ = 0 (0 0 )/ @ * &# ' % Q" * ) <

241
 0 &50 0 20 2 " - D , + "

0 - ' % Q" - + ; #

= ( >C 6 6 E.

0 + CG &- G ,1& O - +

, )" ( . 4 ! " ,X 4 < CG 3 G = 4

0 I +C < # *;3 G &K

0 < 2 , " ) 59. G * 3 *6 6 - G

T'S - , + 4 T-S (C3 D TVS T'S T-S K) *

)" ( . 1- 4 !XG = < # 4 TVS (C3 , 6 4 (C3

0 -l * . * ( 4 4! +

0 0 , ;3 ] .; & , G8 C + F L , )

; 03 C+ - - , ] O< + (G O

0 4 0 0 4 K , " 6 I K G8 C +

= ) C 8

, + 3) (G - , G " 1- 4 !XG

; C" ; 6 ) (G -Y HU = ; ; "< 3 6

0" 0 , 0 G8 C + O 1 3- 1 , + F C3K 1 G

.0 + Y0 0 GK (G > 6 @ ( , > F 6

,'0 E 0 - 0 9 E. ,N " 6F 6

=T ,4 !S H (C > 8 <* 1 A" / " ; F 6

242
 O ! " + G 8 CG \ K4

0 0 ) " & C D , * 6 " 6 O

2 O " K, J./ ( " 8 8 4

; ) G &K 4 ,O 1 ) / < M

0CK TO S ; # >C - " 6 O '

+ 4 C +& 9. *@ , *< ! " K

0 + )@ V 3# < 3 -

+ < # + ' G; " 3 * " ! 1 !-

0* = *< * )& ! 4 ); " *

=4 + J.* C " -4 : > @

4 0 K + 4 : > b 5 N

0 4 0 - 0/ -4 # H H -9 + - / + -

0 - 10 3 , < 0 # ;0 / *- , 3 * C -

- ,1 Q * + F 6 4 G " ) * - ,'

)0 C - 6 3 + "+ ) - - ,1 "+ J ) -

0 5 K c .3- D =* * ) - C- 6 ,

0 4 # 0& 0+ YC * 4! - G + -

< 0 # 0 ( G; " N + 3 ( G; " N +

0C " 0@ * 5 XG , = ( ( G; " N

243
 0 !0 K / , 4 /- * : , +

0 ; 0C ,1 1 + Q* B + 1 ,1 F /5

\ 0+ F * , + > F 6 8 O 8 1

0 K /- - , " + * -

0 0 , 0 ,J./ @ * E : - = + C 6

0 &50 & 8 .K , + p " <

6 " *" , E G # (C F! " &-

=T , S + C - + (C

0 ' 0 0 /1 " * , ./ Q 3 * (

0 4 C 1 6 '

0 > H1 > 1 + - , ( >C

- 2G @ , + H +

,4!? F G I +C GK KE: - + 5 E.

) 0" G- " 4 < KQ ' ." @

0 * .0 10 + )*+ KE: E- ' ? @ ,

0 > 06 K 0 2 * - Q D = 2 H + H &

, 0 S =4!? F G I +C :6 4 # N " - / +

=T U

244
0* 0 + F! H U * , N , + p -

= 0 - 0+ ' * 4 36 +@ G# 6 ,* :

, G+ 1 Q3 - + ! K > IK , 8 U & - " C ./

0h 0 / , & = + * ! -

< : * ,* & + " : ( p >IK , 8

, 0* + : *" D , " 6 O > ! O :

0 0 - * Y ; ,) * - + +"c ./ =4 "

(C > - * K - - + 4 K *

, 0"G G+ ' , + K a G ; - = + C 8

0K : J./ 4 K " p M , * K < # "

ƒ2 /* K " " D , < # 4 # "

=H ; (G 3]

0* : ( 9. ' p ) , .K

0 0 > 0CG 6 - , " 6 O >C

- 0 P " 1 9 / 1- " ./ * , (

O G " 9 / ) 1 - ./ 1 6 " /, /1 + \ G 3] :

P > CG " 6

- 0I - , 0" 0 C ( HU 5 1 G G .K

< '! - O </ " : " @ F , "

@ J./ - =T , S H( @ " * Y< 6 ); K

245
 0 0 " " @ / ? '! - " : "

0 0 > CG 4 C 6 - 9 . )? ,H " H

= (

0G *0C" G 1- Y , " 1 K " " @

' !0 8 0& 0 + ) G G ry * & , + ) G " O 5

= ) G G 5 " @ , " : &

0 0 + 0 ; # ) J G E. K

0 I 0 E.0 0 , 0 + >C " 6 O 8 ./ '

N + " @ / ? , " : " @

(0 0 )0/- * 5 N ' ! 8 J./ , ( / >! 6 *5

@ * N 3- 4 " ,/ C 6 ) * =

" I G '! 8 " @ J./ - )? , "

> 06 E- 1 I ) * - > 6 E- + ; " 1 E.

P + ) G "

C 6 J "C "+ J &- E. : ./ K) N 3- 4

10 0 - 0 D 1 - )? ,D - D -

0K + " + 3 I + C "

J./ , < # ; ( G /*

= 03b )*C" 9 . * Q " ' % Q" * " @

246
 0 ( > CG 4 C 6 - & J &-

, ( " " ' " 2 6 O ,FN 2F$ /

0 10+ @ ) , 6- ( 8

= C - * 3 " ( 2 * ./ ) ? , " 2/

(0 0 " V. K 1 ) G E. HE " H 6 ./ -

0 0 - 0 , K4 C Q + V. ./ ,1 /.

-0 0 ( ! M 2 " ) H U1 G K 4 C ./ 1C

H 0& 0 ; O ; 9 8 ! K , ! * D

0 8 = 06 0 0 Q + 1M G- - =T , S

0 - 6 + * , * * 3' +

10C 0 " > 0CG 4 C 1C =1 /. V. ./

- 0I * - O *C 6 , 6 4 C

V. 0 .0/ =V. 0 .0* + ( ) *+ 1

(0 0 06 + K Q + 1 /.

=> CG Q + 6 J./ ,

06 ( 6 4 C J @ * &

0 K1 ;3 ) *+ 456 L 15 , 1 6 4 C O

.0/ , 0 (0 J ? " + @ * 3 = " 3

0* 0 H - ( H ! 6 ? - D = 6 ? / +

10 6 ?1 G J J @ * & =N 3- * H ( H

247
V0 0/ ,9 0 . 0 < " 9. === KH U

=H4 3 ( ( F

- 9 .0 , /O ( 5 & - - ./ ; 3

(0 F A 1- D , 4 C 6 ( - & -

0 0 + N G = ( O " 3 (

O 0 , 0 (0 ( 1 ( " *6

4506 L 3 - G, < 9 . ;3 = ( 1 4 C

4 C 1C 1 /. " V. 4 " J @ * & ) *+

= 6 4 C ) K

06 / - C /. V. - E-

(0 0 - 6 E. 4 6 /. , (

0 )0 )0 < " * 6 - <* , 8 ./ Q

= ( " " ' 2

& , ,A .1.

0 * 0 -0 G " N ( ) *+ 4 - )? 1-

0 *@ - G ( ) *+ + - K, &

0C + 0 + * *6 J./ )/- = + * *6

) - G+ (G * + - < K + @ );

0+ ' 0% 0 + X = ) + GK + -

248
 0 - 0+ %6 D , ) - G ( ) *+ *6 ) +

) G. 4 8 ) G K N - 18 + '"6 L / 3 + "

0 M + '"6 C - ) < # ;

0 + 0 +& : Q" ( ,( .) - K

( 0 10 G; , + )@ 6 : " 4 &K K

0 ( ) *+ ! 2 " - + C - %6 =

.0 0 6 H + ( HY ) 3 V D , +

= - +

0 + ( 3 " 9 /, + 3 -

0* 2 " 1 - + ( E- ,1 @ 4 1 +

0 0 ,* 2 " 1 + G ,) " J I

'"06 06 , 0* 2 0 " + )? 1C - < # ;

0+ 3 0 @ )@ ,) " ' "6 J ?O +

0 (0 F *@ K -, < K ; )? * 6

Q 0?4 ! K ./ N - G ) " > - N 1& +

0 0 ( " * = C ! 1 K ( ) *+

0 0 3 ) 0" > 0 - N 0 / ? 2 3 +

(0 0* 0 0 2 @ * + + C " 4 +

, + C + 3 ./ ' = +

0 , 0 - 1 -H + ( H

249
 0 0 4 : & - 1 56 + C D - E- 5 "

0 -H 0 + 0 ( H I G ,H + ( H

=1

0+ + 3 )* - K , + 3 " '% - )?

0 0 + 0 =H + ( H * " 3 J.* )* :

2 0@ 0* . 0 + C " * 3 ,* (

- 0 , 3 J.* ' % : = + ( 3

) 0" ' 0 ' ? -N =H ( H ( ) ' ?

H + ( H ' ' ? - " =H ( H

0* 0* cqr 8 3 4 < ! 18 J

(0 H 0 : 0 " ' I + 3 -N = 3

2; < 4 ' 1- N = ; * '" H +

' ' ? -N = # > \; # ( :

9. ,O " O O : /H ( H

(0 0 >& ' ? -N = ( 3 '

> G# Z - >C V 3 H + ( HO 5 D , +

0# 1 0 H 0 ( H ' ' ? - , (

4 0C 0 " - K 4 * F

(0 ) 30 " ! ' I + 3 -N = "+

= +

250
 0 0 , 0 ' I & + 3 -

, + '"6 6 , ; )? 6 9. " , ;

&e- + 3 @ + 7H + ( H )* '"6 /

'0 0 '"6 ' E. 8 ,H ( H K :

0 0 + ' ? @ J =J

N 0 )* & " U G K '% ) =* 6 ) )- 6

= 6 9. ' ? @ H ( H 15

)* M0 9 .0 0 ' ? @ H ( H " )* 8 " -

0 " )* - K ./ )* 6 )? =H + ( H / 6

0 K ,* " - + 3 , C -Y 6 K "

0@ ;0 0 D ;& 6 * " )- , ; )- , +

= '! 8 +

0 0 H ( H )*G + )? & ) '% -

)0 ) =H + ( H 6 + 3 )* - K ' ? @

Q = =F 0 - 0&; & K H + ( H 6 )* ; 3 &

' 0 @ , ) + G 6 H + ( H - " &

) " 6 H + ( H - " 8 Q = < K ) G G

E- 0 + ) G " 6 H + ( H - " 8 Q -=

= ( >C 6 / , ) "

251
 0 (0 H 06 & F + ( '% 8 F + 2 3

F 0+ - ,H + ( 6 ! + 3 D ,H +

= ) " 1 56 & F + , ) GH + ( H 456 8

0 0& F 0+ ,H + ( H + 3 *-

0 + 1 K J 8 F + ) ,4!? F G I +C J

= 6 + '"6 > - C- , 3 (

0 (0 H 0 *G + )? & 8 + '% 9.

0 3 + 3 *- K , ' I + 3 @ H +

0 0 3 - 8 F 0+ '% " ) , + '"6 6 +

(0 H + ( H 6 ) - < + ( 6 +

0 + 3 - & F + '% = 6 3 > -

0C - (0 H + ( H 6 ) - < + '"6 6

I +C + ( G9., 6 3

0 0 K 0 + + - E- = ) < K * C 8 / ,4!?

K + 3 , ' I + 3 @ H ( H

9 .0 , 0 + '"6 6 @ + 3 @ ( H

*; 3 / =J - ,H + ( H 456 )* 2; 3 56

*; 3 , " 9 , " ( + )

( H1 - I I *;3 + ' G Hƒ " H <

=1 /- ( ) H +

252
 0 06 0 5 " ) K * '% 8 " ) 8 Q -

0 0/ J " C 6 6 1 ,H ( H

( > CG F + ./ 6 ;3 9. , +

0 + 3 @ H ( H " 9. ,

= ) @ ; )?

)0 ./ - E- H ( H 6 '% & "

8 = ( 6 ) - < 6 ' I + 3 - "

0 -H 0 + ( H 9 /

0 0 4 : & - 1 56 + C D - E- M ,1

H + ( H I G ,H + ( H

0 / 0 (C 9 . =)* 8 ) ,' % & ) D & F +

, + -, + ; K & + C

0 0 0 6 . > '% * ) H " H < YC

90 . = ( > CG 6 . -H ( H

0 ' 0% - D = / J./ & / & - < 8 ;3

2 K ( )* 6 ) & ) D & F + 8 )

0 0< K K , " 9 K ( " " '

0/ )* 06 0 =)* 0/- 0 ( ' ) *+ L 456 '% *;3

0 10 - 0 O )* 1 ( " V. K H " H 6

= I ( 1 - I

253
 $ ( ( + # E 2

"

*6 H + ( H K - + 3 - )?

0 $ + '% * 8 & - K, " N 1&

&# " , ( " 9

* & 2 3 $H /8 ( H H ( H ! 1 G;

0 (0 + ( 89. 7 " N / 6G

* +0 0 & " J./ ( 9 6 , " " >! " ,1 3

0 (0 0 - @ ; 9 . 7* " 6 & 9 . ,*

0 0 (0 ) 0*+ < 3 & &5 , +

= " N

0 < 0 0 J &5 K CK &5 ( , + '%

'% + ) O " D , " N < , " N

,) 0*+ .0/ + '% + ) ( ) *+ " "

" " J 1 ( 2 " + 1-

= 0 + - + N ( ) *+ 9. 8 M

)*G 0+ ) 9. + ( 2 " ' + ) N- G

)*G 0+ ) , I ( 1 6 - I )* : +

0 0 0 (0 ) *+ Q ? 4 ! K, J

254
4 0 ! 0 K Q 0 I .0/ N - , + 3 @ , +

=H + ( H ) *+ C +

+ '% 2 3 2 .K Q I ./ Q" Y C )/ G

0K E : )* ; 3 ' " , J 1 ( 2 "

' 0% 20 3 2 YC - + ./ ; 3 / , . =Q I ./ Y C !

, 0 0 0 J 1 , + ( 2 "

)- , 0" ' B 3F + ,1 2 3 ( * P.

P )- ( 1 6 - I . )- , " 9

E 2 ) $ ( ?I

(0 ) 0*+ 2 " + '% + ) @ ; "

1 )* 4 ! K E : ) *+ 2 " )*G + ) ,

0 0 ( ) *+ 2 " + ) - . - I = +

0 " N 0 0 ) 0*+ 2 " + 1- + '%

= C - - C- " N

4 0&M -0 I - ( ) *+ " C

0K 4 I ( " D , ( ) *+

0& " " K4 N 3- ) / + 56 9 . * 56 , + " "

0 ( 2 " O 8 + ) = 6-

255
 0 0 O0 " *. I 1C ? Y " " ' I

= + ) *+ O " 1 - E- 7 + * "

, 0 ( ) *+ + 3 + " ) 3 C + J./ )*+ -(

2A0" 10 M , 0 " + " ( ' 2A" - 1- K1 I

0 ( 0 = " " 9 , " ' B 3F +

+ + 3 ,) 3 O+ 1 3 ) ) 1 56

( A AB 3 " 1 )* 3 ,) *+ + ;+ * )3

A" ) *+ )* : )* ; 3 ) =)* 6 & , " !

0 10 /. )* , " " " ' 3

=) *+ 1 - I J ? + 3

) 30 - 0 ( ) *+ 2A" - '% N K

, 0" ' B 3F + 2A" 1M ; - 4 + " N K

/ . ) *+ + + " N K - 3 G K = " " 9

) 03 - 0 0 )*+ " 5 G . " '% )/ ? - J 456

+ 2 " #J" -1 3 1- & 1 1 ) ,1 /-

) *+ 2A" G =J E. 2 " .* ( 1 6 - I 1 "

) 03 D 0 0 ( 1 6 - I 1 O 1 /. V. >

10 G / ,' 1 - " 2 / 1 /. V. > 1+ "

20 3 = 0 " 0 ) *+ 1 - I E " 2 " ,E " 2 "

0 0 > 1+ " 3 - 9 . / , 3b ' ' /. V.

256
0G * ' M = ( 1 - I 15 Q +

0 0 0" V. > ) *+ 2A" - " + " )3 5 , 3H

0 " + " ) *+ )*+ " )/ G )/.3 ' 8 Q" '% ) =1 /.

0C 0 0 0 ! G 2 " ) 3 - )* /.- " V. >

N0 K 0 0 )0* - D , 8 ./ )/ ? + '% 2 3 = "

./ K )* /.- " V. > ) *+ A" -, + "

= ( 1 - 6 - I - ( 1 - I V.

'% 9 / - , ( ) *+ )*+ " + '% 2 3

0 ) ,9 . 3] , ( ) *+ 2 " )* 3 - )/ 3 '

0G =) *+ '"6 4 ! KE: GJ ? 2 " )* 3 ' % Q"

?' (C D ,) *+ + " " - ( Y ' )3

" - 1 ( 1 K O 1 /. " + " J./

E.0 20 " / J -R , C 1+ " - E- 9.

0C 0/ 3 > 1 + Y G J.* 1 - ' @ G =' J

0+ " 0 " 1 ,1+ " + D ( ) *+ "

1 - ) 1 /. 2 " K ) *+ " - ( ) *+

E: 9. M , ( 1 - 6 - I E- 1 1 (

0 ! - =1 " C 1C ? 4 ! ) *+ '"6 ! K

9 / - )? ,1 1 1+ " - ' % Q" ! ) 1 '"6

=> 6 O + " *- K * E G

257
 ( ) *+ 2 " + '% &- 4 YC

0 20 " )/ 3 ' )*C" 2 C - + " )* 3 +

= &8 \ ,9 . 3] J ?

0 0 0 0 ( 1 , - !' 2A"

0 0 + ) " A 1 - )? =Y YC 6 ( ) *+ ,

) *+ 56 E- K " 9 / .KH U1 ( ) *+ 2 "

0 .K + C Y " J./ M , 3 " " , (

' 0* 9 . ( 1 ,T , -S H + ( 2 " M 8 "

- 1 YC H + ( H ) *+ " - ) *+ 2 " > K

H 0 + 0 (0 H -N D = ( ) *+ C + " )

, 0 '! 8 @ , " " J I 6

@ , * " , < @ , 6 ; , "

=T , -S & # @ ,

0 * I (G G - 5J - E -

+ " ; -) ) - - K1 ) , ( ) *+ C +C + " J

0" + K C +C + " 15 E " ( ) *+

0/ 0 \ - 1 /. C2 " " , + (

1 / - 1+ " - ( =1 -R ,2 " ./

258
 5, / , " 9 /D ,E G * 1 - )? , 3] -

=1 / 1 / " ( /

0" ( ) *+ 2 " + )" 1 - )? -

' 8 '% " + " C" Q " 1 1 - )? ,1 + "

0 6 ? # + A.R. Norton 2 " & + ' "

' % Q" ( 1 C Q " 9. , V E

=sx / . + " 9 -r ) 1- K, ? / )/ K " & ' "

20 HU 0 - / . + " 8J 4 6 !

0+ " Q0" 0 + ,) *+ L @ X Q 3> 1 + D

0 - 0 )& ,H=== / ( HUI = * 1 <; 3 I

=T $ ,4 06 S H 0/ 3 0 / @ I J./ !

0 0+ " ) ) - - K C- 1 ) - '" 4 6 !

" K Y 6 4 6 I + " 9 - 3 ) (

=J @ * H + ( H1 6 " + , C 6 9.

0G Y0C 1- K ( ) *+ + " ) ) K -

1 - I 1 /. " . .3 1 - E- 71 K ( / C

( V. ./ O - G - - YC = (

(0 ) *+ + " . - ,1 " - " 1 5 ,1 /.

‰ r s6E;+ ,
\D-)-)[!T&4+(Q57(*)G+&(8&m&( *!& 56
K 4k !2Gu c( !'&(14
4!'"Q5t+4>&( -

259
 0 J 0" 0G 9 . 5 @ 1 - =2 " ./ -R 9 K

0 (0 0 " + " J ) ,) *+ " C 6K F G

( 4 ! KN-H + ( H " 1< +

=1 " C ) *+ Q ?4 ! KN- +

20 " 0 ( 9 E. , - " "+ ) E -

0/ 0 (0 HU G ( ) *+ 2A K ,1 " + Y

10 9 06 )@ ' * ;3 )" ( C 6 E. !A

, 0* @ 0+ 0 " 3 C )* )*G G - 8

(0 ) *+ 2A K * =T ,E SH 3 K

0- ./ 1+ " K 1 , ./ ) *+ 2A . ) ) 1- K

K E @ * , "G + ( - E.

0 ) K , 6 / & - B 5 " 1 M 1+ "

(0C GE 5 @ ; 1+ " ;3 = + ( , )"

, 0 + ( ) *+ 1 - I * - ) 6

0 " 1- G 1 K , D 4 1 6 - D

10 - I 1 /. " . .3 " + " ) *+ 2A 1 - E- 7

0- " J E. 2 " / -R 9 ) 9 .( 1 = (

260
2A0 E 0 K , ( 2 " > K ' * G - K

(0 10+ " ) G V M ,1+ " J 3 ' ) 1 ( ) *+

(0 10+ " - 0 5@ ; =2 " .* 1 3 ' A

; 3$ ; G 2 3 4 J -H ( H " * G 1G

U 0G 10 G ; 03 H ( H " 1 J - $@ ;

5= ' A ) / / + 1 " E. 2 ! 9. ( H

=T , SH ,

0 A" + 1 " E. ! 9. ( HU 1 -

- K, & 8 @ ; G + - )? =T , SH

+ = & 1 " G ;3 2 3 8 ) *+ 1 " G

- E- ,(0 @ ;3 " 5 + / + 8

06 0* 0 @ J./ / ) K / = " " @ K C

O 0 , " @ K C ) ( C + - K ,\ +

5= ' A= ) H 4 " = @ K C - * 6 &

0 2; 3 KE: G, & 1+ " * * - G H

0 2; 03 * ' G , & 1 8 ) *+ "

= ( * C

0 , - " 8 - > 2 " G

0 10 '0 G ) *+ " 2 3 - KE: G4 4 -, &

=1 " C 4 ! KE: , 6 -

261
 0C 0 0 (0 ) 0*+ 3] + " ) 3 5 @ -

0C 0 ( H UJ - ;3 2 " ./ - , +

0< / 0" : " @ F , " - I -, "

E- 7(0 0 0 @ 0 " * Y< 6 ); K < '! - O

, 0 S H(0 " * " @ F

=T

0G E.0 8 ) *+ " C ! G' * 3 G + " "

0- 1 * ;3 C + J./ @ ; , + ) *+ !

20 " 0 ; 0/ 0 1* 2 3 E. , ( 2 "

0 0 J0 )* + 2; 3 ./ - =

=J - ;3 ( 1+ "

3 Q" F G K ,H V H, + + + . - 6HU -

!0 90 . 06 ( H 9. + , , ( *+

0 0 0 + (0 @ ;3 + + 1 " E. "

E.0 V *6 + " ==H U ; / - =T , -S HH ==

0 @ F 0 , 0" - 0I -, " C ( H - "

Y< 6 ); K < '! - O </ " : "

0 0 0 0* 0 " @ F E- 7( @ " *

0 0 0 " H 6 2 " / I =H(

262
 0 + =O ] 1 C .K K H

, 0 * @ " '! - ,/ ? , +

, ; 0/S H 0 * 9. * T S N G '! - 9 /

=T $ U

=J ? " 2 " J 3 ' + ) - 9 . )?

,0 > ! - &; & ( ) *+ 2A"c - Nigel Craig Parsons

,B 3 <" .KH U1 G O = <" , (

!0 / ,A) " AB 3 ; ! , * ( ( , .K ,) "

-! 0 2 C =H ; @ 8 1 C2 E.

0 0 0 " 4 AB 3 ; ./ , @ *

=(Parsons, 2005:176) . ( ;3 C *" , G

9 0 . M0 , ( J ? " + " J 3 - G K

50 10 - G , ( + " 6" C- - ( ) 1 G E.

=1 6 1 / 1 - G 9 . ,H ( H9 /

' )3 - 3 . + ' - - ) M 8 ( ,

/ 0 = - ) ) C- ( ) *+ " + "

Q I !K " , C-4 4 + YC " - * 56 8

8 ./ ,' \ - V + 9 4 + G E.

) 0*+ ) 30 *0 - ) + C + " G

263
 0 C-4 ) *+ Q ? KE: G / , / )

E C " E. - 9 6; , 4

0 2 " - E- ! ' " B 3 , + KE: - 1 56

= '"6 " ./ ,J ?

G, + ( ) *+ . '% -

E : G ) *+ C 2 " , C 6 -Y 6 K ( ) *+ A"

- 1 ( " J./ ' 8 ,1 '"6 4 ! K

J E. 2 " V 9 1+ " 1 K E. 2 " / C

) ) - K 1M + " ) *+ 2 " ) =) *+ Q ?4 ! KE: /

0 , 0 ) ) K ,J ? 2 " ) 3 ) . +

" - * 56 ) M " ? )- " -> 8

" G ./ , ) ) ) C-4 ) *+ Q ? YC

B 3F + 2 " )* M 8 ( =) *+ '"6

0 > ) *+ A" - K , " " 9 , " '

- )*< 0 K =J ? " 2 " ) 3 - )* /.- " V.

= )- "G + ( .K + 3 )* M ./ 36 )/ G

0 20 " 0 )*G + ) ( 2 " + '%

0 " C- K ,H + ( H )* K : ) ) *+

0 )*0C" * 06 0 0 - ,1 1 )* 4 !

F ! &- + 3 - =J )* ,)* + "

264
E : 9 .( =) *+ Q ?4 ! * 4 : \ K -

,) 0*+ 0" 0C ! + ( 4 ! K

) *+ 2 " + '% + ) O " 2 YC "

0 4 ! + 3 )* : + )* ; 3 O " 2 (

0 (0 H 10 0 - 0I 0 E- + (

=1 1 ,H +

$ ( ( 5

0 9 .0 ,1+ " 1 ( + 3 '% -

0 0G =1 C - + 3 )* M , + J

)* ; 03 0 O " ,1 )* ; 3 9 . ( 2 " )* ; 3

' 0% Q 0 + 6 * >! " 1 5 C - D =1

0 = 0* 6 - 6 - I / - / 4 C

' 0% Q0" 50 0 " 9 * ,* " E- 4 (

0 3 .0/ H ( H H( H - 3 +

( '% = + ) *+ " C !

' !0 8 0/ 0* + 3 )/- ! K H + ( H

= &# " ,

265
 ? & ?

- )*0C" 0 " , '! 8 + '%

' !0 8 - 3b )*C" " , ( / '! 8

' 0 8 2 3 ,1 *- K )*C" '/. ,1 N K %6

< 0 0 ./ Y C " , )- 1 * 5 )/ )* * G

=J> ' '! 8

0 (0 H / '! 8 5 + '% "

' !0 8 0 @ - 0 K '/. * , -' > :/ ,H +

0 0 ,N 38 ( @ )/8 " " +

<0 + 0 3 0 @ J./ - " * = + /

0 2 /8 ( @ " O 5 G + @ "

- 0 0< " / < + ! !" , 8 ' ?

=T , -S C" *C" < + @ O

, ( '! 8 - 1- - 6

0 0 1 E. ' 2 3 ,H + ( H )/- 9 . /

' !0 - 0 ( '! 8 C 4 C -1 E. 9 .

0 ( 4AGH - " M ,Graham Usher ' =C "

0C " J. + J &5 1 G

0 ,(0 * "K - Y @ C " ===

(Usher, H 0 0? < * 1 ) - ? @

266
 0 K4 G > 4 G C " HU - " 9 . =1995:49)

Y0 , ( , 6 ( C +

(Usher, H'!0 - 0+ < 06" ) ) ) " .3

=1995:52)

0 F 0 0 C " '! 8 '! 8 & A" , .K

G ) ( @ / ? '! 8 5N 9 / ,

)0 H UX G 0 E. Imco Brouwer > :/ , Q +

0 3 ) @ , " , ' ! 8 =4 @ ? r%&o- .

06 - O0 3 0G 1 G- qr A + ( = * G )@"c

F = ; K * @" 3 ) @ ) N G8 AK =

Q + 1 E G ) J./ = # @ * , I

(Brouwer, 2000:31-32) H

0 4 C *: - 6 9. X - )/ K

' ! 8 (G + '% 5X - " , ( >! '! 8

0 " )* & -N D , ( )- ( / /,

'! 8 5N E- 8 2G ( + 9 .( 1 , ( '! 8

(0 0 0 '! 8 C - * ' 8 -= (

0 " &8 ( @ " &8 / '! 8 - ,J @ * '

./ O ) - , V 3 '! ) , * 1

(0 @ &- ' ! 8 D , D *" &

267
 0 N 038 0 ( : 8 & : / "

( * " - ' '! 8 1- N =L E "

0G: 0- / - 2 " *- D , ( * /5

0 ! ;3 ) K1 / @ ( ( ( *"

=T ,X -S * " " ;3

- X G0 * , ( >! ' ! 8 4 6 E- 9 . 2 3

'! 8 @ Q" V 3 , < 4 4 9 /

' !0 8 > 0 GK ) - ? 15 * 4 6 = ( K

50 N 0 0* =) 6 ? D & ) " (

- '! 8 ' ? 2 3 ! " D

10 0 (0 E / 9 / 5 " D = * 6 *"

0 O 5 G *+ 1 ( O 5 " *+

0 (0 *+ ! 1 5 YC 4 6 16G ;3 =T ,4 6 S

=* 5 " & O 5 G 8

, ( >! ' ! 8 -4 C N E. E- ./ O "

, 0 (0 @ >! '! ' ) -' 15E N

,E :0 ,)C ./ & -, ( >! '! 8 1C ' "

0 H 0 H 0 * ( 6 K ,X G D & ) " B 3 1

0 3 , J./ & '! 5XG = * + K >+ H H

" "G ,Y 8 9 . ,. + 4 & . , '!

268
)0 .K 1 5 = # 1 /C ( @ -$ " $

,(0 9. @ J ? + 1 K .K , ( >! J ( 6

0 $ ) K $ )@" . , @ J./ 1 - (G M

2 3 E - # J./ 5 = (

0 0" "+ ( Y '! 8 H H @

=* * " K , + ! %6

0 , ( >! '! 8 J -E

, ( @ >! '! N 1 -D H UJ

J./ 8 9 . , G + ( @ )/- * 5 V K . B 3

O 5 C- / ,( .+ & 8 - ) G8 @ / '! 8 @

0 E 0 2 C =H * 6 / - N 38 ( @ )@"

0* - 0 K J 0 - ,( ' ! 8 . + )@ - - ( H U 8J

( HN 38 @ H 2: J " 6 ) O 5 :

- K ,(0 ./ & ; N 96 + & ;@ , +

'! 6 ? GE . .3- KT -S ( 9.

0 8 0 20G , G ? G , 1- = ( >!

D - G 6 - *@ ( =B 3 .* G 6

0 O0 0 , + 4 &5 > , G 6 * )& ,

0 J.0* M0 ,( = ( - >! '! I

=T $ U ,E S H* -

269
 '! 8 " 4 C - & Q" -2 -2 ' "

0/ 3' • " )3 ./ * " / " *8 2 " 4 <

&5 ( - E. " Y G N 3- @ /

=T ,2 -S 1

)- 0 ( / '! 8 " @ * 9 / , .K

=9 . O N & ( >! ' ! 8 5N 8 ,/ )

)0 ( / I - I '! 8 5 / @ *

+ 3 @ * ' 1 )G K , ( " " 2

HE 0 " H 0G 0/ ( '! ) - 4 C

- 0I 0 10 > O " . 1 /. ' - YC , <

V. 0 ./ K ' ,1 6 - I ( 1 6

= ( 6 - I - I > 1 /.

G 6 8 2G G - 18 - E

10 /. 0 " . .3 - .M , ( >! '! "

, ( >! '! " G 6 8 2G V. /

E 0 M , ( '! - V. ./ K

- 0I 0 10 > O E " V. .3 - 1 )G 3b /2 3 )

E.0 0 I 2G E - YC = ( 1 6

K " V. 1 /. E - E- , 8 2G J O N

270
 0K O G , ( >! ' ! 8 )" N E. I 2G

1 5 V. ./ K , ( 1 6 - I V. ./

= ( '! - I

0* K " 1 /- ( ' E. V. ' % > :/ ' G

0 3 0 '0 - E- = 0/ ) )- ( >! ' ! 8 J

E " E. ' =* " 1 /- 1+G ) E. V.

0 (0 >! '! 8 Q I 2G 1 -

)0C ) 0" 3 /- 1 8 ,9 . O N G 6 8 2G )

' !0 8 C E: - 1 3 " 2 /8 J./ , ( K '! 8

=0 * 0 + K >+ H H H H * H( 6 H K, (

( @ D '! .+ 4 .

(0 >! J H( 6 H ) 1 3 9. = # 1 /C

= 0 (0 0 )0@" . - , @ J./ 1 ,

D0 0 '! 80 H H @ 2 3 E - # C- 1 3

" K , + ! %6 " ( Y

=* *

G0 / 0C ) / E * 3 J./

0@ 0 '! 4 K ,' ! 8 # ( @

0 ' ! 8 , )- 1 >! ' ! 8 E > D G, 3 L

/ I , ( >! *5 / 4 "G

271
E 0 " * =N 38 " @ / ? &- . + K 1 G

4 0 ) 0 - 0 K + ( '! 8 J 5

PN 38 " @ *

)0 J E 5 1 , : ./ # )

H " H < / K ( >! '! 8

H( 06 H )3 E - = ( " ' 2 K (G

0 >!0 0 '! F 6 -F 6 9 / 5 1 /. C 9. 1M

0 '! F 6 -F 6 (G , - (

10 /. " V. K ' J.3 G / K , ( >!

2 0/8 ( V. ./ ' , )- ( 1 6 - I 1 - O

2 3 G , ( K 1C) - )C ' * -

= 3] ' 1 G E. 9 . 1 /. " ' 1 E. V.

E.0 0 ( '! 8 " E. E )

0 X 0- - K , " .* ) * - 2 /- 1

)* 0 >0 ,* " 2 /- )* 8 ( >! '! 8 4 6

0 )* 8 ( '! 8 " G 6 8 2G

V. 0 0 3 G > :/ - E- ,)* /- ( ' G 6 8 2G

> :0/ 10 K '0/. > ' - =* K " 2 /8 )*+G ) E.

0* K " 2 /- )* -, ( >! '! 8 '%

.0/ 0 0 * '0" G '! 8 5 " )* , "

272
 0 ( 4AG - $ / $ )*C" J " G; 1 ,

0 0 0 J. + J &5 1 G

=C " '! -

( 4 G / &- C " '! - 4 " 1 A" K

>!0 0 '! 8 -J I , J &5

' !0 - M0 ,9 0 . 0 " ) )- ( >! *5 > , (

0 C " '! 5 = / &5 &- * G C "

G / I )- ( >! *5 * ,4 "G

/J - YC = / &5 &5 *

/ K ( '! 8 4 6 - X -

= " " ' 2 K (G ,H " H <

89 5 2

( '! 8 + '% 9 /

)- ( &# " )* 9. ,/ ) )-

" -XG E. , - > :/ ,1 N K %6 * 5 " D =

0 ) 0 - I - G - O - ) 9 / + ( &#

0 - * C &8 =D 5 * ' * C" ,) G

0 = 2< Q" G8 & K &# " J./

0 < " ,) 0 -= 8 G8 & I - "

0 >!0 " J./ - * ' 8 - =4 6" - -4

273
(0 *06 " 0 3 @ K " *5 J * (

G + ( H H @ * - *- = +

-N = C+ > &- ( * - - * / - "+ 1 ?

(0 0 0 0 %6 2 8 " < 6" < ;< " 4

E 0 " /> ) 3 - < 5J K CK = 3b !

0 ! 0 06 0 *< 8 3 G; " C * 8

= !

)* 0 ,/ 8' F! &# " 5N 1M X G

0" 0&# " 5N - - )? =)* 8 6 3 ! +

0 ! 0" J./ 5N 1- K ,* K 6- J./ ( K

=1 G " E ( K + ( G " G /. +

0 0 K *" ) D ;3 6 &# " ( " K * 9.

0G; 0 10 ) " J./ & ! !" ) ,D ( K

$ U , -S * 3 ( ] ;3

=T

, 0 ( >! &# " - -( E 2 3

0 @ - 0 " =(0 H /-H / H H / H H / ! *

0G; 0 ! 1 K /8 ( =H /8 ( H * c / H /8 H

0< 9 , ) * 1 + "+ + C + &K

0 3 0 " J./ - =* I " )

274
= 0 (0 & E C 6 * & @ M , +

1M , + /) - ! @ J./ 6 15XG

, 0 0 ! ./ & 5 " D ,J! !" )@ # I !

, C 4 , G " 1 M ,X G , =( 3 ! !!"

(0 H 4 0G - * 9 . =* B % ,H H @ &

=T $ U ,E SH ( H4 G( ' H /8

>!0 &# " 1 -B 3 8E 1* E.

0 (0 0 ( M , J./ 1- / (

=H H -H H - H /-H / ! E- - ,(

( 2 " N 4 8 6# J./ YC

2 3 D H ( H H( H ! / HU : \

C # ." .K 1 5 HP / * Q" G†8 *+

B 03 0 0 ,N 38 4 , " Y : ./

Q" /> * Q" I 4 " H ( H D

=E *+6 4 Q ?8 38

0 H(0
0 H 0 0 ! 0 10
0 E.0
0 :0
0 0 0 [

0 ; 03 - *+ + 5 XG ,H ( H

0 " 0 0 > H ( H ) *+ ) 3 3 , ;3 , 8

4< )? 1- = 6" >* , @ + '% D

275
.K 0 G .3 1 " E. " < 2y" a *. * - K ,F ./

.0/ [ & =* 3 C- 1 " .K 3 ,4 " ) 3

0 0C 4 " + ?2 " > K ,J @ * 1 E. :

0 " 0+ " ,N 0 0 ,4 0C / , (

= " ) *+ 1 - I K ,) *+ + " ,normative

0/ 0 2; 3 -, 8 U - & 3 ( 1- "

4 0 2 0/5 0 " 2; 3 8 ) /H ( H

> &0 0I 10 - N 5 ,J & & ' C = C ? - C

0 /- 6 + /- *8 ( &# @

2 /8 = & # @ >& * - 4 /- CQ + ,

0 0" 0 - ,D ( " K, XG , J./

08 0" =J 6 6 O - ) (

0 *- ( @ Q" 3 I 2 /8 &

0 (0 K + /2* M =N 3- >& , (

0 0+ " 1 ( 2 " Y , 3 C

0 = 3 / D G " -( 3 "

0" 8 <* @ / 2 * ./ @ ( @ - K

!0 /! K * )@ * :

=T $ U , S ; 1 " "

276
 0 H(0 H 0 0 ! : & , ./ 1 ;3

H 0 (0 H 0 H( H ! ." 5 " D ,H ( H

0 D 0 B 03 ,N 38 4 , " Y

03b Q" 0 0/> * Q" I 4 " H ( H

' 0% " 2 /8 2 6 =E *+6 4 Q ?8

0 !0 E- , >! / ) - ( >! &# " "

=/ - &8 ;3 9. , * ! H /8 ( H H ( H

0&# 0" " + '% @ * 9 / 5 C -

0 >! &# " 5N 8 ,/ ) )- ( /

0 + ' 0% 2 3 . G .* =9 . O N & (

0" 0 )* ; 03 / P + 3 )/ . 2 " - , &# "

P> 6 (G I &#

0 >! &# " - )/ '% / - ' 8 G .K

0" - )/ ;3 * K " /- 9 / 5 9 , )- (

0" 0 )0* ; 3 2 /8 J./ , )- ( &#

= &#

(0 0 , 0* 0K " /- )* '% 5 *@ , / - &8

0 0 " =1 / ) - ( &# " )/

10 5 YC , ( &# " " - - G &

277
 &# " 5N E. ( 2 /8 J./ ) ,* K " 2 /-

0 0 0 * - &# " -N * =1 / G 9 . ,1 " -

- 0* / - "+ 1 ? G + ( H H @

= 03b ! ( %6 * 5 N =( * -

0 ! 0 06 3 G; " C * G J K CK

0 ! 0+ 0 )* ,/ 8' F! * G J K CK = !

(0 0 0 0@ 2 /- 1 - 8 =)* 8 6 3

0 3b > ) , ! ! ) 1 9. , +

0 9 .0 , 0 .* ) &# " 5 " 18 , ) @

)0 0 ( K *C4 C , &# " 1 ) E. ( 1 /-

J0 9 . ,1 /- ( K *C &# " 2@ 1 - E- , *< &

=H ( H H /8 ( H !

(G ) , ( &# " 5 - 1 K '/.

.03 1 - E- 7H " H < " )G 1 , ( " " ' 2 K

(0 0 " V. K , ( &# " G

= 0 0 10 06 - I I 1 - O ,1 /.

0 10 0G )? , * K " 2 /8 ( 1 /. V. ./

0K 0 + (0 G /. + ! " J./ E: G 2 3

J - 1 K '/. - E- =1 G " E (

HE 0 " H 0 # 0 V 3 ) ,H + ( H &# " 5

278
(0 H 0 0 &# " - - M 8 = <

4 &# " ,<6 1 ) E. I ,H +

=1 >! 6 1 ) * + (

C- * , ( &# " - " E. E -

(0 0 - 1 ? " /- 1 M " =* K " 2 /- 1

63 1 8 =HE H ( 1 ? ) ,HE H - HD H( K +

0 ,(0 3 ! ! !" &# " 1" - E.

0 0 0* - ,* B ,H H @ & G

= (

0 K 0 )? 0 ( &# " & E

0 /) -! 6 " J./ 1 " - - 1 " E. #

0 ) 0@ # I ! ! ./ 5 " 18= +

=( 3 ! !!" , ! ./ & 5 " D ,J! !"

, 0 ( &# " >& 4 C 1-

H /8 ( H4 G 5Q ,H /8 ( H H ( H1 - ! )G

E- H 0 ( H & C 6 (C 1 - =H ( H4 G( '

M0 10 K 0 ,H 0 H / 6 ./ ,H /8 ( H1 & E. ( 9.

0 "+ + H C + H &# G; " O /H H < G; "

E 0 M 3] " = I " ) < & ) * 1 +

279
./ ,1 6 - I ( 1 6 - I 6 (C

=1 C + + 3 Q < G; " / 6

0 ) , ( >! &# " 5E

10 - E- 7H " H < " )G 1 , ( " " ' 2 K (G

0 " V. K , ( &# " )" G .3

0 0 (0 1 6 - I 1 - O ,1 /. (

" 2 /8 ( 1 /. V. ./ =1 6 - I

( &# " -J )" E 1 K '/. - E- = * K

(0 H H 0 (0 H J! - , < HE " H # V 3 ) ,

(0 H > &0 0 H ( H & C 6 -J H /8

0 , 0 ( " " ' 2 K FN 2F$ / ,1 H /8

(0 10 06 - I 1 K O 1 /. " K 1"C

" , ( &# " 1< & J - E. E 2 3

0 ,( 3 ! ! !" &# " 1" - E.

)0 0 0I ,* B ,H H @ & G

J.0/ '" - = ( &# " -E

)0 - ( / ) > ./ ( &# "

0 / I / ) - / , ( / )

06 + ( 4 *8 , ./ & '" - K I

280
0 K G - + ( 3 &# " J./ ) =1 >!

= -

0&# 0" ' % 2; 3 - & - 26 ./ /

- 0 (0 2@ + )* ; 3 ( , )- ( >! /

2; 3 ./ =2 @ ./ * K " )*" 6 - )* /- 1

0 0 (0 " ' + ) * 2@ ./

>0 O ' /. " V. K H " H < K , "

= I ( 1 6 - I 1

$ " ) $ ( ?I

, ( + '%

/ 0C - 0 " 6 < J ? & F ./ 2 3

50 N , ( 5N \ =

0G 0 0 - 6 F ./ K (

=1 < ./ YC , (

0C E 0 0 H + ( H + ' % Q"

, 5 , )@ J + ( !;

0 (0 H 0 G 15 " = 4 ./ -

50 9 0 . 0 > C = )@ 8 H +

0 0 ) 0@ 0K 0 - "G Y - + (

281
 4 9 ( - )@ )*C" ' ,

)@ J + ( -H UN E. V > :/ = "

0 , 0 ) 1 , 1 C , # 1

K 5 ,) @ F 9. G 1 > 1

, SH ( ( , ( F

=T

0 , ; ( 5 " -9. "

0" 1 K " - " @ F 5J ;3 9.

=( " * 9 /, + C

0 0 ; 0 0 + 0 ( 5 E- - 6

0 " 10 - K , )@ 1- N - - )? =

0 Q" G# 15XG , T l S E " )@

, 0 0 -S ; 0 0 0 @ 06 - -

1 , 8 X " + -XG =T

, 0 + " F / + E. 5N

10 5 " E. H + ( H J @ * " J./

0 0/ 0 C " 6 " 5 " / =

> @ * @ 2 3 <

10 0 ( - + (C , , -N =

=T $ U , -S 3 " 6 ? - 6 6 "C3

282
 0 / ( - K @ *- - J YC

0 0 - 5 * - E- , * O

0 - I 5 " @ 2 3 ./ = + 8

= 0 (0 0 6 5 " * O 8 ./ = 8

0 " * / H + ( H ) *+ +@ G .*

I 1 - H " H .3 G G .* *- = + )@

0 @ 0 3 0 / G K * 6 H " H ./ = ( 1 -

- O , ; ( N

=O " N @ 3

0 - ! 4 - ( - K + '% @ Y -

*- ( @ @ H U1 - , ) " XG D ,

$ 0 (0 4 0G $4 " 3 ;3 ! K - !; 4 8

+ N 6 ( !+ $* ( @ "

0 )* 0 4 G 3 1 G

Q" N 9 / - =T , S H1 B 3 ( )@ 4

Y 0 HU 6 ; ' , " -' K 5 '%

)0 / ,0 )0 6 C 3 3 ( : -

Y0 -, 0 0 ( : C - K, # C

283
 -' )/ @ * K - .K 8 / @ : 6

=T , 6 SH ( :

, 0 0 0 ( 5 + '% ( O

0 O0" " , -1 ( 5 " 9 *

0 (0 0 ! 4 C E " - J

0 -N * .= ( E C 6 -N ,1

06 0 & < (

10 + 9 - 1 ( + ! C

=T ,E S1 * 1G 3 K

- N 0 9 .0 1 M ( 4 C E 6

- 0 " 03] 0 " = * ; G (

0 06 1 5 9. ,O " O - " (

0 O 0 H 0 " H .3 G GE .* = ( 6

J 3 J G K 1 6 H " H ./ = ( 1 - I 1 -

,10 ; O ( N @

=O " N @ 3 -

( )* : + 3 + '% - , .K

0 0 10 0 (0 5 )*C" , +

0 (0 5 3] ,J 6 5 " )

284
> 0 = 0 ( 6 K -

0 06 )0 ( 5 . '% -

06 0 ( - " ) . )- J

0G K , ( " " + ) )* M J

= 0 ( 1 - I 1 K ,)* /.- " H " H .3

0 ; ( N @ > G H " H ./ 2 3 G

\ 0 ./ Q @ > G ,* O ,

' 0% F ./ 6 O " O ( - "

0 ; 0 1 5 . '% 6 ) , (

=9 .

8 , ,A !

0 (0 H 0 K - + 3 - )? 1-

' 0% 0* 8 & - K, " N 1 & *6 H +

, ( " 9 $ +

& 2 3 $H /8 ( H H ( H ! 1 G; &# "

0 "c ,1 0 3 ( + ( 89. 7 " N 4 9

9. ,* *+ & " J./ ( 9 6 , " " >!

, 0 + ( - @ ; 9 . 7* " 6 &

)* &5 = " N ( ) *+ < 3 & &5

, 0C - " N * 3 )? + (

285
' 0% + ) ( ) *+ " N '% + ) O "

+ # H + ( H ) *+ E 2 + 3 D =1 +

=1 " C ! / $ "

4 0 ! 0 K N - 10 - , ( E 2 + '%

(0 ) *+ '"6 O " E. 8 , ( ) *+ " C

= 6 05 ? & T () , +

U E 2

0 I 1 + " " 1C ? ( ) *+ " C O " •

0 ) 0*+ 20 " 0 + ) ,) *+ 4 &M -

0 I 0 0 ( " D = + * "

= + " " K4

0 Y 2 " > K ( + ' % Q" ) 3 •

2 " / J -R 9 , C 2 " >+ ) (

0 10 K 0 O 1 /. " + " ' (C J./ =

= + " " - 1 (

0 (0 ) *+ 2 " )*< ' + ' % Q" ) •

'"06 4 ! KE: GJ ? 2 " )* 3 ' Q" ) ,J ?

=) *+

= ( ) *+ 2 " &- 8 Q" + ' % Q" ) 3 •

286
./ % $ ( ( E 2 6(/ ) $ ( ?I 1 ) •

'0 8 9 . ,) *+ 2 " ' ' - )/- J " - '

0 B 3F + 2A" 1M , " + " ( 2 "

0 0< " + " 1 A" K, " " 9 , " '

456 / . ) *+ + + " N K - 3 =1 /-

) 03 - 0 0 )*+ " 5 G . " '% )/ ? - J

20 " #= J" -1 3 1- & 1 1 ) ,1 /-

E.0 20 " .* ( 1 6 - I 1 " +

O 0 10 /. " V. -O - " > 1+ " G =J

' E. V. > ' D ,) *+ 1 - I 1 K

0/. 9. 2 3 1 /. " - V. =1 /- (

0 0 ! E. 8 ,* K )* " 2 /8 2; 3 ' % J ?

=) *+ " C

0 0 3 0 0 F $= ( F5 ( -

,1 )* ; 3 ( 2 " + ' % 2; 3 9 . +

' !0 8 0/ 0* + 3 )/- =1 )* ; 3 O "

= &# " ,

N0 K 06 0/ " 0 '! 8 + '% \

0 " '! 8 - K )*C" '/. , (

* 0G ' 8 2 3 ,1 N K %6 / " ,H + ( H

287
)/ 0 '% * G ' 8 = )- 1 * 5 )/ )*

0@ 0" <0 + 5 " ,H + ( H '! 8 5

0 0 0 2 /8 ( @ " O 5 G +

O 0 - 0 0< " 0 / < + ! !" , 8 ' ?

&8 / '! 8 -N , C" *C" < + @

( 4AG - N , * 1 " &8 ( @ "

0 0 J. + J &5 1 G

' " )* - K , * * ' 8 )* ; 3 )? =C " '! -

= '! 8 / , ( '! 8 - 3]

10 N0 K 06 '! 8 5 " . '% * ' 8 -

0 * 0 H( 06 H 0 K , ( K '! 8 C E: - )* 3 "

.+ 4 . = * + K >+ H H H H

= 0 # 0 1 / 0C 0 ( @ D '!

=1 0 )0@" 0 . 0 - ,1 @ 1 '! - 2 3

Y D '! 8 H H @ 2 3 E - # 2 3

0" 0 0 0 K , + ! %6 " (

0G N 03- @ / / " '! 8 - 9. ,* *

=1 &5 ( - E. " Y

288
(0 N K 6 '! 8 5 " . > '% * ' 8

(0 0 >!0 ' ! 8 ) > D - ,9 . . -

0 N K %6a - %6a * 5 / 4 "G ' ! 8 , )-

10 ) 0 0G 0 . ) K / I (

I '! 8 5 / @ * = K )- -> '! 8

( " " 2 ) ( / I -

4 C + 3 @ * ' 1 )G K , " " 9

Y0C , < HE " H G / ( '! ) -

(0 10 06 - I 1 > O " . 1 /. ' -

0 0 '! 8 - " @ * '% ,1 6 - I

'!0 0 " 0 G 6 8 2G > G G G (

0 0 ' !0 8 - " @ * '% , ( >!

0 ) 0" N 0 E.0 I 2G > G G (

=1 /- E. 2G - G' - E- 7 ( >! ' ! 8

0 \ 0 )* 0 1- 89 5 2 '% "

0 & , ( N K 6 &# " - " 8 @ *

=1 N K %6 *5 "

I &# " - )/ @ * '% * ' 8 2 3

0&# 0" - 8 @ * " , I )- ( * C ) -

1 ? G + ( H H @ * -

289
 ! ( %6 * - ,( * - - * / - "+

,0 ! ! 6 3 G; " C 4 G * - , 3b

" =)* 8 6 3 ! + )* ,/ 8' F! 4 G

J.0/ 10 " - 0 - 1 " E. # K )? 1- & @ *

! ! ./ - K , + /) -! 6 "

, ! ./ & - " J./ @ * ,J! !" )@ # I

=( 3 ! !!"

06 0 K 0 ,H 0 /8 ( H H ( H & @ * !A

+ C + &K G; ! H /8 ( H - " D ,

0" ) < 9 , ) * 1 + "+ ,J 3

! ) - " D = G; ! H ( H - =I

0 (0 0 0 ( " H /8 ( H H ( H

=(

2 0/8 J./ ) ,* K " 2 /- )* @ * '% -

4 0 ,10 " - 0 &# " 5 E. - # > (

0 63 )* 8 , ( &# " & @ * '% &

0& 0 0G 0 ,( 3 ! ! !" 1" - E.

(0 0 - 0 2 0/- )* 8 , * B ,H H @

*& =HE H ( )* ? ) ,HE H - HD H( K +

0 @ 1" - K * 5 " )* 8 8 @ * '%

290
 0 3b > ) , ! ! ) , + (

0 - # '" - &# " = ) @

4 0 "G * ,1 >! / ) ) )- ( >! / ) >

0 / I ( *5 / ) - /

)*< & ) )- )*< & @ * '% M 9 . =1 ) - E. K

0" 0" '0 2 K (G , ( &# "

D0 7H 0 " H < " K , " 2 K , (

,10 /. 0 ( " V. K + 3 @ * '

0 V. ./ = 1 6 - I I 1 - O

=* K " 2 /8 ( 1 /.

= = $= ( = ( '%

, 0 0 ( )* 1- , $ "

\ = " 6 < J ? & F ./ 2 3

- ' 0% 0 F ./ " 1 ( 5N

0 K 0 - 0 0 (0 5 " ,J 6

(0 50 . '% -> =J 6

- 0 " ) . )- J 6 )

0 )0 )* M J 6 (

,)* 0/.- 0 " H " H .3 G K , ( " " +

0G 0 H " H ./ 2 3 G = ( 1 - I 1 K

291
0 O ; ( N @ >

0 0 0 ( - " \ ./ Q @ > AG ,*

(0 0 '% F ./ 6 O " O

=9 . 1 5 . '% 6 ) ,

292
H 0C H HQ I 0 H 20 ;3 ) / + &- H ( H ) *+

10 10+ " 0 + D ,' % '"6 1 ,H <! H

0 ( ) *+ )*C" / " 3 J 1 6

=1 ) 3 1 3 C 1 " C " ,9 . 3] / "

) *+ )* " '% - K, ( ) *+ " X 6 ;3 )?

)/ 0@ 0* 0 &K 0 K " )* ,/ > ' - * - &

! 1 )*6 '"6 ,+ 3 H)*" 6 H - )* /- 3 1 +@ , ( "

0 0 I - ,1 " + " " =1 " C 1C ?

,J / I - I 6 / , ) *+ 1 6 - I

F HY H2 K 9 . )* M ,1 ) - "G -1 ) E. /

10 )*+ " 1 = " " 9 K , " ' B 3

- =D * - H " H K J 1 1 6 (C

X: " X 1 ,' /. O -H " H 6 & =1

20 3 =10 " - 0I )* : & ,)* /- ) 3 1 56 )*

)0 2 /8 2 3 ,1 /- ( ' '% J ? ' J 3 E. "

= 3b ' * ( 2@

0 H - H - H( 6 H 2; 3 1 " " H ( H ) *+

0* K " ' % 2 /- 2; 3 - ,1+ @ ) * - )

1 30 0 : ,' % 2 /- 3 J =1 3

293
E- 0 0 1+ @ =* 3 2 /- - -

2 0/- 0 3 0 Y0 5= N ) 1 2@ 9 * , " 3

0 3 1 3 1+ @ ! = N - N K4

=1 " C ! 1 ( + 3 H - H - 2 /8 H - H( 6 H

F = /& F E & F F 2 - K O 8 ./

) = ? % "" E ' / (

=# 2 6; # ?2 :

+0 ; + (0 - ( 1 " + ) - K C-

0 ? =+ # B ( 1 3 / . < 8 +

1 30 = 0* / 0 ! 2 @ ( 1 )* :

= ' ( " ,+ 3 3 I ( > 4 "

0*@ * Q3 ,1< 6 O - * ) " % # &

* < 4 + = 9 O / *< H " H @

(0 -H 0 H (0 0K H " H " + / @ J./

( ) *+ > 6 J./ ! )/- = * + G ) D ,H H

=H9 *# H @ Q G"

)0 / ( >6 K K C+ O / / G"

2 0@ 0 ( 1 : > )* - 8 J K @ ,

294
 0 O 0/ 0 & ' -1 E. 3

0 0G " 0 9 ( =H9 *# H @ Q

0C - ,) " Y 3 " ( ,* @ )* 8

(0 0 10 1 : > =E ) C4 & 6 J E. G "

(0 0 >0 ) C/ 4 & '"6 1" 6 , / 2 @

0 8 ( 1 : > = K * 9

0! 0 E 0: D ,4 + 9 / 2 @ ( * @

0 0 Q 4 * * 0 > " 4

0 =0 K E + ) Q ! ,4 2 3

06 4 1 ,J E. G " (

: M =4 " O - 8 1 6

0 0 / )@ 2 @ ( (

=J I K (G .* 1C 4 " J - > , 4<

!0 ! -, ) " )/ ) (

!0 .0/ > , ( H H -H ( H ! / J./

, 0 (0 ,4 8 U / 4 D ;& : ! /

5 , ( G /8 *@ * =

0 )0 0 T 0 0 S K 6p- D ,T S1 6 8 @

0 f A0 3 0 06 )< E G N - G

=E! ( J + ' % Q" ' C+ 1 = 3

295
 , /! ! - M = 5 ) / (

9. , / ! 3 - " , G + ! O 1 )G

,0 ( O ) *+ 4 J./ !

0 0 F J " ) *+ -O 5 9 /

0 =1 56 - E. / N- O 456 J

0 ,2 "0C 10 0" )* # - Q" M 9 . )?

( 1 : > =1 )* # 5 N 3-

*06 D , - / " ! 2 @ ( G; 1 G; "

'0 G @ . " I , - ! " 9

= ;I ./

0 - ,) 2 ) " 9 - ( :; + $ / (

J , J./ ! ! - ,1 2G 4 " J> K 6 ?

O 0 > 0C J 0 9 .0 ,0 0 - " G +

0 0 # 0 * 0 K 4 + @ 1< K , #

/ 0 - 4 6 4 O ,T(G ' SJ - (

=T ' S

4 " J: K e- , G 6 -D - " , 2 (

4 4 1 J 6 , J./ ! ! - ,1 3 1 4 2G

0K - 0 0 4 ) 1 4 3 *@ 9 . = & * )

296
= ** H - H CH 1 3 , 1 3 & ,1 '"6

03 &0 - - ,1 56 / ? J 4 " 2 3

= + + ; ) J &- "

X 0 F 0 &: 8 Q" 3 - K

0 - 0 20@ 0 2 /8 O " * ,* ( ) *+ <

70 " 0 / ? 1 F 2 3 =*

0 I = " * 2 3 ,1+ @ *% *" 89.

(0 0 , ? * @-2 , '% X

) 0@ 0 K 0* , G ( G; )*6 "

0 0* " "0 ,/ G * , / G - * E G

= (

' 4 G ( G; " " B 3

8= ( # , 34 ) L )/ 6 &

0 G; - , G ;3 KV 1- /4 # ) 1

; 0 0 0 0" 4 C C 4 -

0 0G; " <! * - ,* - " !

= = 8 ' ) = ; O 8 (C - -D ,1 C 4

#= )= 1 2 5 6(/ 8B ( ) L

0 0 * 0 ( " 15N # , 34 )/

297
Q0" 0 ) ,J *@ 4 Y - G - ,1 ; 9.

Q0" 2 /- ( , 8 Q" 8 @ * G; =1 - - 8

(0 0 0 30 0 0 K . 4 : '%

0 , + - )* /- ( 3 , G

3 : ' % Q" 2 /- ( & @ * G; =

=)* /- ( 3 ,( ) )* 3 G (

0* X ./ B 3 I , " ( )*6 " -

,J 0 J 6 5 / H ( H 1 <+ @

J , / &5 * /- ; & 15

G8 & @ * = J ? Y ./ ) 3 C+ J &5 4 G

* G) , 4 /- : , " ) ./ & 9 6 :+

0 ( @ 1 ) -Q + -1 ) E. &5

Y 0 ) 3 ? J./ @ * C+ , " @ ) " ( & )

0 0 0C/ ' % Q" 2 /- ( 8 * G; = " (

'0? - !0 " 6 H ;H ) @ ,*

0* 0G; =)* /- - ( ) *+ 3 ,* "

4 )/ 5 )/ @ &# 3b )*C" 2 /- ( & @

0 G8 - ( @ " ( &5 )

=)* /- J 3 ,J &5 4

298
( Y Q ?4 ! KN-H " H -H " H ( Y *@

V 3 E- N + 3 ( 6 1+ @ ) ,1 '"6

20 @ .0/ = 0 0 3 E- N 1+ @ ) - " ,

=H " ( HY ) 3 6 3: V - " *@ - 1 "

2 3 F K - * " 3

0 " 8 9 . 7N 3- 1& - ( ) *+

/ ? 2 3 , ( ) *+ 2 @ *% *"

0 , 0 * @-2 , " '% X I =*

0 B 30 *% 9 " ' , (

( H ! ) -! " ( G; 9. = * @-

0 0* % 0 * * " 9 " 2; 3 H /8 ( H H

=) *+ 2@

0 8 0@ * ( G; ' % 2; 3 B 3

K 15N , ( - 6

0 =H 0 ! - H 15N , /! !" '" * 1-

'" 1 5 N , ( - 6 & @ *

&K K " 8 @ * =H * - CH ,

H 0 0 H O H ! !" H 1 ( 5 *:

- 0 =J 0 0 6 *: & ( 3

299
 K " . )* ' " ' % Q" 2 /- ( - G; , & @ *

) 1 5 *: &K K " , )* @ - B 3

0 -D - K & @ * '% ? =J 6

& 1 ( - " D , G 6

8 @ * B 3 " ( G; '% X -

0 ? =9 . 6 & @ * ( 6 " - "

0 H 0 8H ; # '% - " '% 8 @ * ' -

' 0% 0 0 0 0 ? & @ * '% -=+ 3 )* 2 /-

- 0 & - 5 ,2 /- $ = 4 H ) 5 ) (2 ? =H " H ; #

- 0 - ,H & 0 H ) 0*+ 90 . ( ? HE H ; # (

, +0 0 0 8 . # -, ; # ; # )* 3 *

D = 4 ' I 1 K 6 ./ - -

, 0 I 1 0 E. O+ ' " 9 .K K 9 . ' " - " 9 /

) = E = 5= =)* /- ( ) *+ +@ , ( "

Q 5, " 2 /- + 3 $ 4 H ) F) , &F F) F) A 9

(0 ; # - * 15 . ' I ) *+ ./

0 8 I ) " } 4 * ) >! ,;

2 > ( Y - , * G; 1C )* - &

0* 0 ; K ? / ; # ( Q " 15 1 r y fGe- G (

300
) 4 ( (2 ) $ 4)H ? I =)* /- J +@ ,)/ @

06 ) 0 0 * K " )* /- ? ,F) 2 F) A 9 ?I

./ 5 & ; # " ( 4 , ( "

- HE ?H ; # ( - & 9. ,); # ( Q " ) *+

)* 8 ) *+ ./ " =' I H & H ( ) *+ (

0 0/ ? 0 & ,* " ; # 8 " 6 V; " 1

=)* /- ( ) *+ +@ , 6

0 H ( H H /8 ( H ! )*6 B 3

@ * )C = * ! & @ * , * ! 8 @ *

0 '% & @ * 6 9. = ; # 3] " '% 8

) A 9 ?I = @ * )* 2 /- 2 3 ; # 3] "

- &K )* 8 )* 3 H( 6 H - 2 /- * ) 6 & ' )

( H /8 ( H - &# - H HY ; K & - H /-H Y

9 .0 4 ; # ) *+ H :H - " )* 5 )* M &# .*

H 0 ? )/+ H ) 3 K : )* 5 & ,)* O ) *+ - &

) 30 0C+ H /8 ( HY ) 3 C+ )/ 9 . =* 3 C+

? =I E = E =( = ( +@ )* /- , ( Y

0 ( Y -! ./ & - )* ,6 & ' ) ) (2

1 " E. ( Y )/ @ * 8 E5 O

03] < 06 0 " H /8 ( HY - ,4 ; # &

301
)= ? = I =)* /- ( +@ , ( 1 " E. 9 . + 3

0 &K 0 K ! ) * ? ,) A 9 ) 8 '

* 5! ) * ' 8 2 3 = * ! *-

, X * )! ( - " + > .# ) K! )

* , 8 ' ) ) (2 ? I =)* /- ( +@

06 0 >!0 K K! ;3 " . )/! )

(0 " ; # ( 6 & = 3] >! .

, ;0 # " " ; * *5 "

=)* /- ( +@ )* M 9 .

$ (

0 ( ) *+ &- " - 3

0 0 >!0 " + - )? =N 3- - 1& &

, 0* " 0 6 & 9. ,* *+ & *" 9 6 , "

0 0 (0 X F O+ 9. * 3 *" 9 6

(0 + - K ,H ( H /8 ( H ! ,

0C 0 4 0 0 3 J./ , " 4 9 CK 3

2 " 1 - + ( - K - ,* + +

0 0 , 0* 2 " 1 + G ,) " J I *

'"06 6 ,* 2 " + )? 1C - < # ;

-0 0 ( ) *+ + X =) " ' "6 J ?O +

302
) - G+ (G J./ )/- = + * *6 *@

0 0 + X 0 0 = ) + GK + -

0C 0 - 1 H + ( H

E- - 0 , 0 + 0 ) *+ 9 / ) - G+ , +

0* 2 " GK - + & + C D -

= + ) *+ I - 1 56

H + ( H + 3O " + '% 2 3

)0 0 ' ?' + 3 - 2; 3 ./ B 3

( H )" 3 J./ 5 " =H ( H (

03 4 0 0 < ! 18 J J *- " - =H

0 : 0 8 0 *- " -= 3 * * cq r 8

0 0 0 0 ( 3 ' 9. O " O

= ; * '" - K - *- N - =H ( H

0 > \; # ( : 2; < 4 ' 1- XG -

= + ( ) 3 " ! *- X G = #

0 - 0 1 & *6 F *@ K + 3 -

0 3 @ H ( H " = " -

= F6 = = 4# "2 6 & ' ./ B 3 = +

@ * =+ 5$ .H $ ( ? M ' F $ (

,J 0 / 6 * 9. ' ? @ H ( H &

303
 + 3 , C -Y 6 K " 6 & @ *

D ; 0& 0 06 * " )- , ; )- , + K ,* " -

0* '% ) = '! 8 + @ ;

6 1- " , ) G 6 H + ( H - " & @

)0 0@ 0* '% = ) " 6 1- " , ) "

0 ( " " ' 2 K ( )* 6

0 ) 0*+ L 0 456 '% *;3 < K K , " 9 K

0" V. 0 0K H "H 6 / )* 6 =)* /- ( '

0 0 (0 1 - I 1 - O )* 1 (

=2 /8 J./ - J +@ , I

( E '

) 0*+ E 6 2@ '% 1 ) K CK 1 - K9.

./ *@ G =) *+ - 2@ ,)*" 6 )* /- 3 (

20 @ 2; 03 = & " ' " ? @ Y ! ( 2@

0 '"06 KN- + 3 - 2 /- ( 6 ? @ "

0 ( ) *+ ( & 6 * ,1 " C 4 ! ( ) *+

)0 0 - ,10 )/- * - *K @ - ,1 N K *- *K @

=* ( - *" "

304
, 0 @" , 1 ) E- - 2@

0 H 0 KH > 0 ? 0 ? @ Q" 2 @ : -

0* - : ( 6 2 3 =4 " H - H H( 6 H

10 8 0 " 1 > I ./ = I " I 9 Y I (

E.0 30 &8 > I H H =/ ? - , -, # 6 &

0? 0@ 0 0 3 : - ?1

=*

' 0 0 6 H ? @ H " *@

4 ' 4 C &?M G; * 5 G' >* " & "

2 0/- 3 *+ @ ) 8 * , 9 ) + >C

0 03 6 A 2 /- * E. = 6 F 6 * , + 3 H( 6 H

= 8 ;* (

Y 0 0*@ , 0 ) " 1 ) / - -> 4 K "

) 0" 0 0 ? @ 3 )/ * H ? @ H

0 0 40 H H H ? @ H K @ -D D &

J.0/ 0& 3 - )? , 6 ! < *- ,

* " 3> 2* - K - 15 @

= 9 K * 3 ) 6 2*

305
 0 0 - 0I ( ? @ " 2@ 2* I

* 4 ' >* " I ./ D G , 2 @ I I

8 Q" > + 3 K * N-D = ) 6

= G; * N 3- - *@ ,H * 6 H4 - & *" -

0 0 0 ? @ " 4 ! @

2 0/- (0 ) / ./ ,4 * ( ) / ( / 6

0 3 0 0 4 ? @ +@ 4

R 6 - 3 ) > B * ,* - * /-

0& 0 G 0 0 : * /- 4 =\ 8 - 4

>; 0 # 0 3 , 8 9 9

>0 ? 0 * 0/- 0 H H ? @ * 6

* - ;3 , / * / 54 > 26 ,H H

0 & !- " 1 Q" H 6 F MH 2 "

4 2 /- 9 @ 9 3 = ; - Q"

0 0 9. ; - Q" ? @ -

=4 + 3+ G &- 4 G 3) -

, 0* 2 * ) , G 4 Y - 4 8 J./ 2* -

0 ;0 K > 0 K - H 06 F KH ,> # )

0 ! > # ./ ) , !- V 3 * * G

= 6 F K

306
40 0 0 0 4 4 - *@ - D - "

2@ ,) " H 8 *HQ 9 . H' / # H / , 8

0 ? @ ) 3 ) = 8 J./ ? @

0 8 ) 30 0 0 0 8 0 , &- ; #

R 0 06 ; # ? @ 6

4 0 E G \ + ( 6 9. , # I

;0 # 0 H 0 2 0* , 8 4 3 4 "

0 6 * \ ) * *< H4 / # 1 /+ / #

0* 5 * H A 9 ? @ H ;3 & = ; #

0? 0 @ Y 0 H ) 30 ! D ,H / [H €> ? "

= -D - " H A 9

0" 0*@ * - )? ,H) " 8 *HQ + " & 4 8 -

= -D - " YC 6 ! *- K * E! ' *

8 ) ? @ N 8 4

. , 3 :6 3 Y 8 .

< ? @ -, KX V

0 ? @ 2@ ) 9. , 8 3 !* 3 <6 <6 4

=X 2 /- 2*

307
 23% / 4

2 D(

X - ! H= ( HT S !, -
UW ) = 0 0 ( =E 4 6 !
= + :

0 U ; K @ /8 ( HT S\ + 2 , K
= + U 6 = + J "- ( H= +

= 0 +0 - /=2 =2=V =H " HT S\ + ) K ,) K

= 6 U = 8 =T " S\ + ) K

=E 4 6 ! X - ! H=„P ( E-H T S ! ,4 6
0 + : UW ) = ,
\D-)-)[!T&4+(Q57(*)G
+&(8&m&(
=

+ : UW ) = ( / T S ! ,4 6
=

"0 0 0 H= - 6 4> G U ( (G H T S ! ,4 6
0 : 0 UW ) = 0 " &" 6K = 3]
= +
=T S G = G8 C )- &8 ) UP / T S -,
= G U

H=(0G ) *+ @ 4 # U H ( HH T S ,E
0 ( =E 4 6 ! X - !
= + : UW ) =
0 = 03] E 0 0 H= ( HT S V ,
= + : UW ) = -U +

308
 0 H= + @ V. U C 3H T SV ,
UW ) =D & ) " 4 > , , , =T4 S
= + :

20 0 ' H= @ ( HT S' ,
= + U 6 = + J "- ( = K\ +

0 0@ U " + 3 ! T S ,E , +
= + : UW ) = ? @

0 0 U4 / 0 =9 0 O /O ( T S ,+ 3
= 6

! 0 =2 0 , ,4 & U 6 ? 4> G T S , +
= 6 U =T " S

=) U =T S G G G .= " T S ,

=\ 0 +0 U 0& =T S) K\ + ) K= / + T S ,O
= 6 U

= 6 U " = U " 4 T S - " ,2 6

0 6 +I H= > J ( HT S +I , 6
= + U 6 = > J /8 ( =

0 ! U = " ( T S 6 -,
= " 4

UW ) = 0 )I @ 4 KU K @ T S ,
= + :

0 I 0+ 0 ( ) *+ 456 U ' "HT S ,2

0 J 0 " 0 ( = 3] E " " " H=D
= " 4 ! U =

= " & ! U> C = ) *+ T SW ,E "

309
!0 ! E '/ H= " " ' 3 A " HT S ! ! , @"
= + U 6 = * " = @"

0 H=D 0 " + ( ) *+ 456 H T S " " ,E "

0 0 J 0 " 0 0 0 ( = 3] E " " "
= " 4 ! U =

"0 0 H= 3 3 " U " ( > HT S / , ?

=0 0 0 J " ( = 3] E " "
= " 4 ! U

= 0 @" !0 ! E 0 ' 0/ H= " Y HT S '/ ,E

= + U 6 = * "

0 " \; 0 H= ( ) *+ 2 @ 4> K 2 @ H T S -, !
U4 / 0 = 0 F ( =T S 3] + 3 T S
= # " !

6 +I H= Y 6K U ( HT S ,
= + U 6 = > J /8 ( =

0 + 0 : 0 UW ) = - " + )@ T S , ;/
=

= 0 I 0 0CG U 0 " )@ T S=" + , , ;/

= " 4 ! U

+6 = : E T S1 -, /
=( ! 6 /8 U = 8 >! =T S "

= 6 ) /8 ! U4 / = ); # T S * ,E /

0 =T 0 0 " S\ + ) K= + -T S =2=2=V , /
= 6 U = 8

310
 5

0 0 I 0 +0 + ( ) *+ H T S ,
= $ U ,O , H=' 4 "

= $ U , + H= , +&(8&m&( (tH T
\D-)-)G SV ,

= ,O l , + ) H= @ ( HT S' ,
, .] , 0 8 H=1 6 2G Y (G ( HT S, 8
= $ U

0 , 0@ 0* H= ( ) G Y HT S G 6,
= $ U

06 :6 H= 6 + U " ( )/ - " HT S / , ?
= $ U , 8

E,
D(N ,
$,
\D ( ,
6Š( '/! )G
+&(8&m&(* , &4+(H T
[!T S E 00 , 0
0
‰ ,
$,
\D (
= $ U , 6, " H= " ) *+ HT S ,

, 06 , 0 : H= (
*+(?,EX
"j(
ZL;5 ( )$ ,\D ()G +&(8&m&(H T S ) / K ,X -
www.sis.gov.ps/arabic/roya/6/page4.html

)G
+&(8&m&( )$
,\D (8 5(L; SZ8 ,,fX
"* 4!2GLa! H T S 2 0 ,2 0 -
www.sis.gov.ps/arabic/roya/26/page3.html , - , : H= (
*+(*

N P5H&( ,4;") , m,
H(u \ ()- ( *+(*)G +&(8&m&( (5TH T S 0 , -
†http://www.enashir.com/blogs/tarik/8970 W!4>t ,D ( G
*+&(

uŒ 4‹;N 0Dt* 4‹;j(

Z} 7"4 b ,
$,
\D ( ( *+(W< ZH ,T S 00 , 00 8
www.sis.gov.ps/arabic/roya/1/page2.html

0 D " *" H=1 / ( ) *+ H T aS ) ,

http://airss-forum.com/Details.asp?id=120370 , ! ,

, 06 , 0 0 H= 0 ( O 8H T bS ) ,
www.rezgar.com/debat/show.art.asp?aid=31923

311
u 7fB L+4+m( 35&(N)G
+&(8&m&(N O J ?,9( -T
•HT SY , 6 3
http://saaid.net/Warathah/Alkharashy/m/16.htm , ! , :+ N ,
(!9
,(j7(

, 0& 6 , H=)G
+&(8&m&(P5H&( 4!2$ ( 5T&(N T S - , /!
www.rezgar.com/debat/show.art.asp?aid=50376

, - 0 , 0
H=) 0*+ 4 0 0 (0 0 HT S 2 ,)
www.rezgar.com/debat/show.art.asp?aid=13078
52$
&(j(Z!m&(P5H&( d;5\" *)G +&(8&m&(P5H LX@GNT S 0/ , 0 ?
www.mafhoum.com/press/49Sghal.htm ;4K ‰ P5H N , (
*+(* , &/
, 00& 00 , 00 H= 00 00 U 00 (00 HT S 00 , 00 ; I
http://www.tanmia.ma/article.php3?id_article=4153

,) 0 H=T 8 S ( HT S /! , I
http://www.libya-alyoum.com/data/aspx/d8/1088.aspx , -

,Heinrich Böll Foundation H= 0 (0 ) *+ 6K HT S , ;/

http://www.boell-meo.org/ar/web/219.html , - 6

54 " ? 2

Building 0 0" ] H= 06 G @-> HT S - !" ,

,']l! 0 , 0 0 ! [ Entrepreneurial Economies
http://www.ahram.org.eg/acpss/ahram/2001/1/1/READ141.HTM

u I '/! ] H= ,
[!T
&4+(*)E,
D(8&m&(*)G (cSZH T
+&(8&m&( , S )@ ,E
p9S , 0 [ ,
[!T
&4+(*)E, D(8&m&(*)G +&(8&m&( , (cSZ‚ '6
www.rezgar.com/debat/show.art.asp?aid=56855

5 B 5 :" " 53 1 J8

, 0 - , C 8 F
H= HT S '
- +
www.nbprs.net/link2html.php?sections=Sections-html/a.html

, 0- , 0 C 8 F
H= HT S '
- +
www.nbprs.net/link2html.php?sections=Sections-html/b.html

0 " U 0 0 ( T'S & H TL S (

www.secularist.org/Doc%20N%204%20(B).htm ( H= 6

312
 0 0 , 0 H= 0 * ( HT S -,
,[O 0 >0 U4 0 " 0 N: 0 >0 0 ] = 0 ! 0 $
home.birzeit.edu/dsp/arabic/news/6thworkshop.html
0 3 H= 8 + 3 < HT S + ! 3
www.elections.ps/pdf/elections96.pdf , & , + !

L 54 "

www.libya- , 00 - , 00 00 H= 00 00 " HT S 00 , 00
watanona.com/adab/mberween/mb30056a.htm

0C + 0&" H= 0 0 8 HT S 8 C + &"
www.delsyr.cec.eu.int/ab/eu_global_player/2.htm , 8

, 000 9000 H=P 000 9 000 000/ 000 H T2006aS 000 9 000
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTARABICHOME/E
XTABOUTUSARABIC/0,,contentMDK:20357526~menuPK:676338~pag
ePK:50004410~piPK:36602~theSitePK:676331,00.html
, 00 900H=Q 00G# 00 U 00 (00 00" H T2006bS 00 9 00
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTARABICHOME/E
XTABOUTUSARABIC/0,,contentMDK:20438054~menuPK:687412~pag
ePK:50004410~piPK:36602~theSitePK:676331,00.html
)(
*+ (h $9
(N )G
+
&(8 &m&(| N T2006cS )(
4!'" *+ (h $
9(
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTARABICHOME/E
XTTOPICSARABIC/EXTCSOARABIC/0,,contentMDK:20581116~page
PK:220503~piPK:220476~theSitePK:1153968,00.html
, 00 - , 00 H=P5H&(*j$ '&( )G +&(8&m&(H T S 00 00 ,E 00
www.wajhat.com/details.php?id=10932&journal=1999-11-30

U ,) 0 8 , - H= + > HT SV ,
http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/ecosoc6197.doc.htm ,

06 ! H= 6 F 6 4 + O HT S =2K = - ,
www.cipe-arabia.org/files/html/art0803.htm , & , 3

, ); # H= ( G; " HT S ) @" ,@
, -
http://www.demoislam.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=489

313
,! 0 , 0 " " ! H=2; 3 @ X " HT SE ,
www.iraqdemocracyinfo.org/volume3/8.html

,'] , 00 4 00 ! H= 00 !00 .K 00 + 00 00 00 3H T S 00 ,4 00 !
www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/0CCD6802-6368-4D0D-8140-2BCA7DECC717.htm

D 0 0 !0 H=E 2 )- 4 CU + HT S ,
www.alburaq.org/showdetails.aspx?type=ess&id=61&dt=y ,'] , &

, , - ); K N
4+7(* 5' ( )&('()G +&(8&m&(H T S , "
www.islamonline.net/arabic/mafaheem/2004/04/article01.shtml

>I! N )6
!'( [5()-)[!T &4+(Q TG *)G +&(8&m&(O JN T2005S 0 , "
www.ahram.org.eg/acpss/ahram/2001/1/1/RARB100.HTM , m,
"!E * ,E,
D( E;+
(

H= 8 F . ? @ HT S 4! ? 6
www.voltairenet.org/article90188.html ,4! ? 6 =T SY

, 0 0 H= 0 + ( " : " HT S ; , 6
www.alwatanvoice.com/arabic/pulpit.php?go=show&id=29156 , - 6

, 0 - );0 K H= O- / - ? - T S2 > /, !
www.islamonline.net/arabic/mafaheem/2004/08/article01e.shtml ,']

- );0 K H=N 0 - ( " U " ( HT S ) / K ,) ?

www.islamonline.net/Arabic/politics/2003/06/article09.shtml , ! ,

0 , - ); K H= C UV 3 " \; # H T S 6, *
http://www.islamonline.net/Arabic/politics/2006/01/article09.shtml , &

, 0 - , 0 0 H= 0 (0 0 ) 0 *+ ; 0 6 H T S ;0 , 0
www.rezgar.com/debat/show.art.asp?aid=22940

, 0 ,) 0*+ H= 0 + 0 (0 - : HT S -,
www.mafhoum.com/press5/142S24.htm

) 6 '! )!* H CH 4 E '"6 H T S "

, " H= 6 ' C# \;
www.justice4libya.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1
132&Itemid=194

314
, .] , 0 H= ( /8 ( HT S ,
www.rezgar.com/debat/show.art.asp?aid=58455

K Y 8 UP - 6 D . HT S 3] ) / K ,(
www.bolanda.org/Main/17.htm , - ,) /8 H= G

, 000 - ,4 000& H= 000 0003 U 000 " H T S 000 + , 000 /

‰http://arabic.tharwaproject.com/Aff-Sec/OD/Selected%20Articles/held.htm#2
\$S*•.&/Z •
* 2 " U HT S * 3 :6 4 !
, - -, & H=T S
www.arabia.pl/arabic/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=285
518&Itemid=54

, 0 - ); K N Ž c@&( 74 % ( HT
*+(W< Z 45D( ,& !'"+'6 S ,
www.islamonline.net/Arabic/politics/2002/02/article4.shtml , 6

References

Books

Aldrich, Richard J. (2003) "Putting Culture into the Cold War: The Cultural
Relations Department (CRD) and British Covert Information Warfare." in
Giles Scott-Smith, Hans Krabbendam (eds). The Cultural Cold War in
Western Europe 1945-60. London: Frank Cass Publishers.
Al-Ghannoushi, Rachid (2002) "Secularism in the Arab Magreb." in Azzm
Tamimi and John L. Esposito (eds). Islam and Secularism in the Middle
East. London: Hurst & Company Publishers.
Anderson, James (2002) " Questions of democracy, territoriality and
globalization." in James Anderson (ed). Transnational Democracy:
Political Spaces and border crossings. London: Routledge.
Anheier, Helmut K. (2004) Civil Society: Measurement, Evaluation, Policy.
London: Earthscan.
Anheier, Helmut K. and Wolfgang Seibel (1990) "Introduction." in Anheier,
Helmut K. and Wolfgang Seibel (eds). The Third Sector: Comparative
Studies of Nonprofit Organizations. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Anheier, Helmut K., Lisa Carlson and Jeremy Kendall (2001b) "Third sector
policy at crossroads: continuity and change in the world of nonprofit
organizations." in Helmut K. Anheier and Jermy Kendall (eds). Third

315
 Sector Policy at the Crossroads: An International Nonprofit Analysis.
London: Routledge.
Anheier, Helmut, Marlies Glasius and Mary Kaldor (2001a) Measuring Global
Civil Society." in Helmut Anheier, Marlies Glasius, and Mary Kaldor
(eds.). Global Civil Society 2001. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Aubrey, Lisa (1997) The Politics of Development Cooperation: NGOs, gender
and partnership in Kenya. London: Routledge.
Baker, Gideon (2002) Civil Society and Democratic Theory: Alternative Voices.
London: Routledge.
Baum, Gregory (1996) Karl Polanyi on Ethics and Economics. Montreal:
McGill-Queen's University Press.
Baum, Gregory (2000) "Chapter 2: Solidarity with the Poor." in Sharon Harper
(ed). The Lab, Temple and Market: Reflections at the Intersection of
Science, Religion, and Development. Ottawa: Development Research
Center.
Bingham, Nick and Roger Blackmore (2003) "What to do? How risk and
uncertainty affect environmental responses." in Steve Hinchliffe, Andrew
Blowers and Joanna Freeland (eds). Understanding Environmental Issues.
New York: Wiley.
Bloom, David, David Canning and Jaypee Sylla (2003) Demographic Divided:
New Perspective on Economic Consequences Population Change. Santa
Monica: Rand.
Breitmeier, Helmut and Volker Rittberger (2002) "Environmental NGOs in an
emerging global civil society." in Pamela S. Chasek (ed). The Global
Environment in the Twenty-First Century: Prospects for International
Cooperation. Tokyo, New York and Paris: The United Nations University.
Brouwer, Imco (2000) "West Democracy and Civil Society Promotion: The case
of Egypt and Palestine." in Thomas Carothers and Marina Ottaway (eds).
Funding Virtue: Civil Society Aid and Democracy Promotion. Washington,
D.C: Camegie Endowment for International Peace.
Bruyn, Severyn T. (2000) A Civil Economy: Transforming the Marketplace in
the Twenty-First Century. USA: The University of Michigan Press.
Burki, Shahid Jayed (1998) Beyond the Washington Consensus: Institutions
Matter. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Buss, Doris E. (2004) "The Christian Right, Globalization, and the "Natural
Family"." in Mary Ann Tetreault, Robert A Denemark (eds). Gods, Guns,
and Globalization: Religious Radicalism and International Political
Economy. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Caporaso, James A. and David P. Levine (1992) Theories of Political Economy.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

316
Carter, April (2001) The Political Theory of Global Citizenship. London:
Routledge.
Chambers, Simone (2002) "A Critical Theory of Civil Society." in Simone
Chambers and Will Kymlicka, (eds). Alternative Conceptions of Civil
Society, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Chiriboga V., Manuel. (2001) "Constructing a southern constituency for global
advocacy: the experience of Latin American NGOs and the World Bank."
in Michael Edwards and John Gaventa (eds). Global Citizen Action.
Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Cohen, Jean L. and Andrew Arato (1992) Civil Society and Political Theory.
Cambridge: MIT Press.
Cox, David and Manohar Pawar (2006) International Social Work: Issues,
Strategies, and Programs. London: Sage Publications.
Dahlberg, Gunilla, Peter Moss and Alan R Pence (1999) Beyond Quality in
Early Childhood Education and Care: Postmodern Perspectives. London:
Falmer Press.
Defourny, J. (2001) "Introduction: from sector to social enterprise." in Carlo
Borzoga and Jacques Defourny (eds). The Emergence Social Enterprise.
London: Routledge.
Dichter, Thomas W.(2003) Despite Good Intentions: Why Development
Assistance to the Third World Has Failed. Amherst: University of
Massachusetts Press.
Doyle, Timothy (2000) Green Power: The Environmental Movement in
Australia. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.
Drache, Daniel (2001) "Introduction: the fundamentals of our time, values of
goals that are inescapably public." in Daniel Drache (ed). The Market Or
the Public Domain?: Global Governance and the Asymmetry of Power.
London: Routledge.
Dubbink, Wim (2003) Assisting the Invisible Hand: Contested Relations
Between Market, State and Civil Society. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
Dunne, Tim and Nicholas J. Wheeler (1999) "Introduction: human rights and the
fifty years' crisis." in Tim Dunne and Nicholas J. Wheeler (eds). Human
Rights in Global Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ebrahim, Alnoor (2003) NGOs and Organizational Change: Discourse,
Reporting, and Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Edwards, Michael (2001) "Introduction." in Michael Edwards and John Gaventa
(eds). Global Citizen Action. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Faist, Thomas (2000) The Volume and Dynamics of International Migration and
Transnational Social Spaces. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

317
Falck, Hans (2001) "The Post- Washington Consensus in Mozambique." in Mats
Lundahl (ed) From Crisis to Growth in Africa?. London: Routledge.
Falk, Richard (2003) "On The Political Relevance of Global Civil Society." in
John H Dunning (ed). Making Globalization Good: The Moral Challenges
of Global Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Falk, Richard A. (2000) Human Rights Horizons: The Pursuit of Justice in a
Globalizing World. London: Routledge.
Florini, Ann (2003) The Coming Democracy: New Rules for Running a New
World. Washington D.C.: Island Press.
Florini, Ann M. (2001) "Transnational Civil Society." in Michael Edwards and
John Gaventa (eds). Global Citizen Action. Boulder: Lynne Rienner
Publishers.
Florini, Ann M. and P.J. Simmons (2000) "What the World Needs Now?." in
Ann M. Florini (ed). The Third Force: The Rise of Transnational Civil
Society. Tokyo: Japan Center for International Exchange, Washington,
D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Fraser, Nancy (1992) "Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the
Critique of Actually Existing Democracy." in Craig Calhoun (ed).
Habermas and the Public Sphere. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Goodwin, Jeff and James M. Jasper (eds) (2003) Social Movements Reader:
Cases and Concepts. Oxford: Blackwell.
Gowan, Peter (1999) The Global Gamble: Washington's Faustian Bid for World
Dominance. London: Verso.
Gummesson, Evert (2002) Total Relationship Marketing. Oxford: Butterworth-
Heinemann.
Hailey, John (2000) "characteristics of effective development partnerships." in
Stephen P Osborne (ed). Public-Private Partnerships: Theory and Practice
in International Perspective. Routledge London.
Harasim, Linda M. (1993) "Global Networks: An Introduction." in Linda M.
Harasim (ed). Global Networks: Computers and International
Communication. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Harbeson, John W. (1994) "Civil Society and Political Renaissance in Africa."
in John W. Harbeson, Donald Rothchild and Namomi Chazan (eds). Civil
Society and the State in Africa. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Hassassian, Manuel (2002) "NGOS in the context of national struggle." in
Benjamin Gidron, Stanley N. Katz and Yeheskel Hasenfeld (eds).
Mobilizing for Peace: Conflict Resolution in Northern Ireland,
Israel/Palestine, and South Africa. Oxford :Oxford University Press.

318
Hobbes, Thomas (1950) Leviathan. [Reprinted from the edition of 1651].
Introduction By A.D. Lindsay. New York: EP Dutton.
Holton, Robert J. (1992) Economy and Society. London: Routledge.
Howard, Marc Morjé (2003) The Weakness of Civil Society in Post- Communist
Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Howell, Jude and Jenny Pearce (2002) Civil Society & Development: A Critical
Exploration. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Hurrell, Andrew (2002) "Norms and Ethics in International Relations." in
Walter Carlsnaes, Thomas Risse and Beth A Simmons (eds). Handbook Of
International Relations. London: Sage Publications.
Hurrell, Andrew (2005) "Power, institutions, and the production of inequality."
in Michael Barnett and Raymond Duvall (eds). Power in Global
Governance. Cambridge: University of Cambridge.
Iriye, Akira (2002) Global Community: The Role of International Organizations
in the Making of the Contemporary World. Berkley, California: University
of California Press.
Jacobson, Thomas L and Won Yong Jang (2003) "Mediated War, Peace, and
Global Civil Society." in Bella Mody (ed). International and Development
Communication: A 21st-Century Perspective. London: Sage Publications.
Johnson, Debra and Colin Turner (2003) International Business: Themes and
Issues in the Modern Global Economy. London: Routledge
Jones, Kent Albert (2004) Who's Afraid of the Wto?. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Kaviraj, Sudipta and Sunil Khilnani (eds.) (2001) Civil Society: History and
Possibilities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Keane, John (2003) Global Civil Society?. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Kendall, Jeremy (2003) The Voluntary Sector: Comparative Perspectives in the
UK. London: Routledge.
Kim, Sung Ho (2004) Max Weber's Politics of Civil Society. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Kubicek, Paul J. (2003) "International norms, the European Union, and
democratization: tentative theory and evidence." in Paul J. Kubicek (ed).
The European Union and Democratization. London: Routledge.
Lafferty, George and Jacques Bierling (1998) "Politics and Governance in the
Anglo states." in Richard Maidment, Jeremy Mitchell, and David Goldblatt
(eds). Governance in the Asia- Pacific. London: Routledge.
Lewis, David (2001) The Management of Non-Governmental Organizations: An
Introduction. London: Routledge.

319
Lindblom, Anna-Karin (2005) Non-Governmental Organisations in
International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lipschutz, Ronnie D. with Judith Mayer (1996) Global Civil Society and Global
Environmental Governance: The Politics of Nature from Place to Planet.
Albany: State University of New York Press.
Locke, John (1959) Two Treatises of Government [Reprinted from the edition of
1690]. Thomas I. Cook (ed.) With a supplement by Robert Filmer and
Patriarcha. New York: Hafner.
Lyons, Mark (2001) Third Sector: The Contribution of Nonprofit and
Cooperative Enterprises in Australia. Crows Nest, Australia :Allen &
Unwin.
Magno, Cathryn S. (2002) New Pythian Voices: Women Building Capital in
NGO's in the Middle East. New York: Routledge.
Malena, Carmen (1995) Working with NGOs: A Practical Guide to Operational
Collaboration between the world Bank and Non-governmental
Organisations. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Operations Policy
Department.
Matthes, Claudia- Yvette (2003) "The Economic Foundations of Civil Society:
Empirical Evidence from New Democracies in the Baltic Sea Region." in
Norbert Götz and Jörg Hackmann (eds). Civil Society in the Baltic Sea
Region. England: Ashgate Publishing Limited, USA: Ashgate Publishing
Company.
McFaul, Michael, Nikolai Petroy and Andrei Ryabov (2004) Between
Dictatorship and Democracy: Russian Post- Communist Political Reform.
Washington D.C.: Carnegie Endowment For International Peace.
Moser, Caroline O. N. (1993) Gender Planning and Development: Theory,
Practice and Training. London: Routledge.
Mundy, Karen and Lynn Murphy (2001) "Beyond the Nation-State: Educational
Contention in Global Civil Society." in Heinz-Dieter Meyer and William
L. Boyd (eds). Education Between State, Markets, and Civil Society:
Comparative Perspectives. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates.
Mutua, Makau (2002) Human Rights: A Political and Cultural Critique.
Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.
O'Brien, Robert (2005) "Global civil society and global governance." in Alice
D. Ba., Matthew J. Hoffmann (eds). Contending Perspectives On Global
Governance: Coherence, Contestation and World Order. London:
Routledge.

320
O'Brien, Robert, Anne Marie Goetz, Jan Aart Scholte and Marc Williams (2002)
Contesting Global Governance: Multilateral Economic Institutions and
Global Social Movements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
O'connell, Brian (1999) Civil Society: The Underpinnings of American
Democracy. Hanover: University Press of New England.
O'hara, P. (2001) "Social enterprises and local development." in Carlo Borgaza
Defourny (eds). The Emergence of Social Enterprise. London: Routledge.
Parsons, Nigel (2005) The Politics of the Palestinian Authority: From Oslo to
Al-Aqsa. New York: Routledge.
Pillar, Paul R. (2001) Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy. Washington D.C.:
The Brookings Institution.
Piper, Nicola and Anders Uhlin (2004) "New Perspectives on transnational
activism." in Nicola Piper and Anders Uhlin (eds). Transnational Activism
in Asia: Problems of Power and Democracy. London: Routledge.
Prendergast, John and Emily Plumb (2002) "Building Local Capicity: From
Implementations to Peace building." in Stephen John Stedman, Donald
Rothchild and Elizabeth M. Cousens (eds). Ending Civil Wars: The
Implementation of Peace Agreements. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Rittberger, Volket, Christina Shrade, and Daniela Schawrzer (1999)
"Introduction." in Muthia Alagappa and Takashi Inoguchi (eds).
International Security Management and the United Nations. Tokyo: United
Nations University Press.
Robertson, Roland and Kathleen E. White (2003) "Globalization: An
Overview." in Roland Robertson and Kathleen E. White (eds.)
Globalization: Critical Concepts in Sociology. Vol. 1: Analytical
Perspectives. London: Routledge.
Said, Mohamed EL-Sayed (2005) "Global Civil Society: An Arab Perspective."
in Marlies Glasius, Helmut K. Anheier and Mary Kaldor (eds.) Global
Civil Society 2004/5. London: Sage Publications.
Schwartz, Frank (2003) "What Is civil Society?." in Frank J. Schwartz and
Susan J. Pharr (eds). The State of Civil Society in Japan. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Serbin, Andres (2003) "Latin American Foreign Policies: Incorporating Civil
Society Perspectives." in Jacqeline Anne Braveboy- Wagner (ed). The
Foreign Policies of the Global South: Rethinking Conceptual Frameworks.
Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Shaw, Martin (1997) "The Theoretical challenge of global society." in Dwayne
Winseck, Jim McKenna and Oliver Boyd- Barrett (eds). Media in Global
Context: A Reader. London: Arnold.

321
Stiles, Kendall W. (2002) Civil Society by Design: Donors, Ngos, and the
Intermestic Development Circle in Bangladesh. Westport: Praeger
Publishers.
Tamimi, Azzam S.(2001) Rachid Ghannouchi :A Democrat Within Islamism.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Thomas, Alan (2001) "NGOs and their influence on environmental policies in
Africa: a framework." in Alan Thomas, Susan Carr and David Humphreys
(eds). Environmental Policies and NGO Influence: Land degradation and
Sustainable Resource Management in sub-Suharan Africa. London:
Routledge.
Til, Jon Van (2000) Civil Society: From Nonprofit Sector to Third Space.
Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
Uhlin, Andres (2002) "Globalization, democratization and civil society in
Southeast Asia: observations from Malaysia and Thailand." in Catarina
Kinnval and Kristina Jonsson (eds). Globalization and Democratization in
Asia: The Construction of Identity. London: Routledge.
Uphoff, Norman (1995) "Why NGOs are not a Third Sector: a Sectoral Analysis
with some Thoughts on Accountability, Sustainability and Evaluation." in
Michael Edwards, David Hulme (eds). Non-Governmental Organisations -
Accountability and Performance: Beyond the Magic Bullet. London:
Earthscan .
Usher, Graham (1995) Palestine in Crisis: The Struggle for Peace and Political
Independence After Oslo. London: Pluto Press.
Varty, John (1997) "Civic or Commercial? Adam Ferguson's Concept of Civil
Society." in Robert Fine and Shirin Rai (eds). Civil Society: Democratic
Perspectives. London: Frank Cass & CO.LTD.
Verma, Vidhu (2002) Malaysia: State And Civil Society In Transition. Bolder:
Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Wainwright, Hilary (2003) Reclaim the State: Adventures in Popular
Democracy. London: Verso.
Wapner, Paul (2004) "The Campaign to Ban Antipersonnel Landmines and
Global Civil Society." in Richard A. Matthew, Bryan McDonald and
Kenneth R Rutherford (eds). Landmines and Human Security:
International Politics and War's Hidden Legacy. Albany: State University
of New York Press.
Werther, Jr., William B. and Evan M. Berman (2001) Third Sector
Management: The Art of Managing Nonprofit Organizations. Washington,
D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
Wrong, Dennis H. (2003) Reflections on a Politically Skeptical Era. New
Bunswick and London: Transaction Publishers.

322
Young, Iris Marion (2000) Inclusion and Democracy. Oxford and New York:
Oxford University Press.
Young, Oran R. (1999) Governance in World Affairs. London: Cornell
University Press.
Encyclopedias and Dictionaries
Bottomore, Tom (ed.) (19993) Dictionary of Marxist Thought. 2nd edn. Oxford:
Blackwell.
Harrington, Austin, Barbra I. Marshall and Hans-Peter Muller (eds) (2006)
Encyclopedia Of Social Theory. London: Routledge.
Lipset, Seymour Martin (ed.) (1995) The Encyclopedia of Democracy. Vol. 1.
London: Routledge.
Mango, Anthony (ed.) (2003) Encyclopedia of the United Nations and
International Agreements. 3rd edn. Vol. 3: N-S. New York: Routledge.
Union of International Associations (2006) Encyclopedia of World Problems
and Human Potential Projec:t Notes and Commentaries.
http://www.uia.org/encyclopedia/encycom_bodies.php?kap=18

Periodicals
OECD (2002) Policy Brief: Civil Society and the OECD- November 2002
update." Paris: OECD.
Pontara, Pontara (1998) "No Marshall Plan For War Torn Developing
Countries" IUPIP News Letter, December, 2.2: 1.
Rustow, Dankwart A. (1970) "Transitions to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic
Model." Comparative Politics, April, 2.3: 337-363.
Weigle, Marcia A. and Jim Butterfield (1992) "Civil Society in Reforming
Communist Regimes: The Logic of Emergence." Comparative Politics,
October, 25.1: 1-25.
Studies
De Ceukelaire, Wirn (2004) " Aid as a weapon in the "war on terror"." Health
Now, June 10, www.health-now.org/site/article.php?articleId=267&menuId=1
Gang, GUO (1998) "Civil Society: Definitions, Causes, and Functions,
Department of Political Science." The University of Mississippi, May,
http://home.olemiss.edu/~gg/paperhtm/civlsoct.htm
Gouldner, Alvin W. (1980) "Civil Society in Capitalism and Socialism."
[Chapter 12 From The Two Marxisms. Published in 1980]. Pfeiffer
University, www2.pfeiffer.edu/~lridener/DSS/Marx/ch12.htm

323
Ismael, Tareq Y. and Jacqueline S. Ismael (1997) "Civil Society in the Arab
world: historical traces, contemporary vestiges." Find Articles.
www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2501/is_n1_v19/ai_19956657
Willetts, Peter (2002) "What is Non-Governmental Organization?." City
University, April 1, www.staff.city.ac.uk/p.willetts/CS-NTWKS/NGO-
ART.HTM
Williamson, John (2002) "What Washington Means by Policy Reform."
[Chapter 2 from Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened?
Edited by John Williamson. Published in 1990]. Institute for
International Economics, November,
www.iie.com/publications/papers/paper.cfm?ResearchID=486
Speaches
Marshall, George C. (1947) "The Marshall Plan Speech: Speech Delivered by
General George Marshall at Harvard University" Biz Net Technologies,
June 5, www.bnt.com/marshall/speech.html
Powell, Colin L. (2001) "Speech Delivered by Secretary Colin L. Powell at Loy
Henderson Conference Room: To the National Foreign Policy Conference
for Leaders of Nongovernmental Organizations." Yale Law School,
October 26, www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/sept_11/powell_brief31.htm

Williamson, John (2004) "Evaluating the "Washington Consensus: Speech

Delivered by John Williamson at the World Bank." World Bank, January
13,http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMD
K:20153468~menuPK:34457~pagePK:34370~piPK:34424~theSitePK:460
7,00.html
Charters, Declarations, Reports and Resolutions
Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (2005) Ownership by: Harmonistion,
Alignment, Results and Mutual Accountability. High Level Forum.
February 28- March 2. Paris: OECD/ DAC.
The United Nations Charter (1945) "Chapter X: The Economic and Social
Council." [The Charter of the United Nations was signed on 26 June 1945,
and came into force on 24 October 1945]. San Francisco.
The White House (2002) "Introduction."The National Security Strategy of the
United States of America." September 17. Washington DC: The White
House.
USAID (2003) "Foreign Aid in the National Interest: Promoting Freedom,
Security, and Opportunity." July 8, Washington DC: USAID.

324
Articles and others

Bianchi, Stefania (2006) "POLITICS-EU: War on Terror 'Threatens Aid."

March 25, IPS News, www.ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=23031
Carapico, Sheila (2000) " NGOs, INGOs, GO-NGOs and DO-NGOs: Making
Sense of Non- Governmental Organizations." Middle East Report,
www.merip.org/mer/mer214/214_carapico.html
GPF (2006) "Funding for NGOs." Global Policy Forum [GPF],
www.globalpolicy.org/ngos/role/fundindx.htm
IFM (2005) "The IFM and Civil Society Organizations." International Monetary
Fund [IFM], September, www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/civ.htm

Natsios, Andrew (2003) "Natsios: NGOs Must Show Results; Promote Ties to
U.S. Or We Will 'Find New Partners'." May 19-20, Inter Action,
www.interaction.org/forum2003/panels.html#Natsios

OECD (2006a) "Organisation for European Economic Co-operation."

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD],
www.oecd.org/document/48/0,2340,en_2649_201185_1876912_1_1_1_1,
00.html
OECD (2006b) "Civil Society and Parliamentarians." Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD],
http://www.oecd.org/department/0,2688,en_2649_34495_1_1_1_1_1,00.ht
ml
Stop Violence Against Women (2003) "NGOs and the Human Rights
Movement." Stop Violence Against Women, August 31,
www.stopvaw.org/NGOs_and_the_Human_Rights_Movement.html
The Anglosphere Primer (2003) "Civil Society, Democracy, Prosperity, and the
Anglosphere." The Anglosphere Institute, July 24,
www.anglosphereinstitute.org/record.jsp?type=pamphlet&ID=1

The Financial Express (2005) "Lack of transparency makes people suspicious

about Islamic NGOs." December 2, The Financial Express,
www.financialexpress-
bd.com/index3.asp?cnd=12/2/2005&section_id=1&newsid=8671&spcl=no

USAID (2006) "This is USAID." U.S. Agency for International Development

[USAID], www.usaid.gov/about_usaid/

325