Baudhayana

First-ever Indian Mathematician who came up with

several concepts in Mathematics

He was one of the mathematicians who used his mathematical skills

in apractical way by being a skilled craftsman
The value of t was first calculated by him
Vedic Rishi
Vedic Brahmin Priest
 V2
Correct to 5 decimal places
by
Bhudhayana
800 B.C.
Source : Shulva Sutra
 V2
1.41421356237309504880168872420969807856967

1875376948073176679737990732478462107038850

3875343276415727350138462309122970249........
 Baudhayana's value for 2 is correct the first 5 decimal place
1 1 1
V2 1 + +
3 3X
4 3 x 4 x 34
1 1
V2 1+ +
3 12 408
V2 408 + 136 +34 - 1
Note that the difference
408 starts from
V2 577 6th decimal place

408 This is Baudhayana's value

V2 1.41421568627
correct to 5 decimal places
But y2 1.41421356237.... This isthe actual value
Geometrical view of the terms
for
V2
correct to5 decimal places
by
Baudhyana
 Principle
of
the method
Consider two squares ABCD & PORS of side1 unit each
Consider another square
whose area is equal to
the sum of the squares ABCD & PORS

The length of side of the combined square is 2

 Form another square whose area is equal to sum of the areas of two squares
ABCD & PORS
B P

unit
unit
1

A= 1sq unit 1
A= 1squnit

A=2

D
1 C S R
unit 1 unit
Then the area the combined square = 1
of
: Each side of the combined square =
+1= 2
Squnits
=
V2 Scale: 12cm 1Unit
 B P

unit
unit

1 A= 1sq unit 1
A= 1sq unit

C S R
1 unit 1
unit
Ifwe keep the two above squares adjacent to each other we get a
rectangle
So how to combine these two squares to form another big square ?
 B

unit =
A
1sq unit unit A = 1sq unit
1
1

D C S R
1
unit 1 unit
Inorder to add Sq PQRS to Sq ABCD
we have to cut the Sq PQRS into 3 equal parts
& place them on the sides of the Sq ABCD
A B P Q

D R
1 unit
1 Unit
1 Unit
1 Unit
 7 1 Note
6 12 This square in red is
not
(1 (3 a part of Sq PQRS

A B ar of Sq
5 1 1 So it is in excess
X It not belong to
1212 does
the sum of
2
4
All
the 7 stripes put
1 together makes the
1
Dh unit 3 Square PQRS
 ar of Sq The area
ar of ar of
Sq ABCDt Sq PQRS + 1 1 of
combined square
12
X the
12|
7parts

ar of ar of The area
ar of Sq
Sq ABCD + Sq PQRS
of 1 1
the combined square 12 X 12
1 1
So we need to remove the excess area of X
12 12
so that the remaining area is equal to the sum of the 2 squares
( Sq ABCD + Sq PQRS )

as we are interested in finding the length of the sum of the 2 squares only
Observe that if we remove the
excess area of
1 1
-X
12 12
Then
the remaining portion will
no longer be a square
 ldea
We shall decrease very very little
along the length & the breadth
equally
of
the combined square
from any one corner
such that
it amounts to the decrease of the excess area
of
1 1
Xonly
12 12
 These are the tiny rectangles
in Blue
which are to be removed from
any one corner
so that even after removing these
rectangles
they
willmaintain the square shape

only
&
the sum of the areas of these
2 tiny rectangles
is equalto
1 1
X
12 12
 17
12
Each side of the combined square is
1 1
1 + +
3 12
17 12 + 4 + 1
12
12

17
12 1 1
1 3 12
 17
So the length of the combined square is
12
a
Imagine tiny rectangles on the
adjacent length & the breadth separately
at one corner
such the sumof their areas is equal to
1
X 11 1

12 12 144
Byremoving these rectangles
1 11
1. We will be removing the excess area ofx12 12
2. The remaining figure will be in the shape ofa square
which is equal to SqABCD & PORS
 We knowthe length of blue rectangles to be removed as 17
12

What should be the breadth of the blue rectangles ?

We know that
1 1
Sum of the areas of 2 blue rectangles should be equal to.12 x
12

17 1 1
L=
12
A=X
12 12
b=?
 Area of rectangle in Area of rectangle in
blue along the length + blue along the breadth
[17 same
|12
,x Breadth x
r17
L12
Breadth|:=
1
12
X
12,
1

[17 171

Note
Breadth
H.C.F
xt +
12J
1

12
X
12
1

1 1
Both the rectangles X
are of the 12 12
=
same length Breadth
& r17 171
same breadth only +
12]
 11 1
-X
12 12 144 1
=.
Breadth
34 144 X 34
17 17
12
12 12 12
1 1
12
X
34
1 1
3 × 4 X 34
1
Breadth
3x4 X
34
 =
17
Length
12
1
Breadth= X X
3
4 34
1 17
=
408 12 The breadth is very
much less than
0.00245
human hair

Average thickness of human Hair = 0.003 to 0.005 inch

 1 1
= 17
Length Breadth= 3 x 4 x 34 ~0.00245
12 408
= 1 1
Area of a blue rectangle X
12 12 x 24
1 1
1
Soareas of 2
blue Rectangles == 2
[12 x 24] 6x 24 144
Area of Areas of
the - the
Sq ABCD Sq PQRS
lcombined square J l2 blue rectangles
[17 17] 1

144
1
289 288
144 144 144
x 0.00245 units

Length
1
1+ 1
11
+ 3 x 4 X 34
3 12

Length 1
From blue line 1
only 1
5 b3
 1 1 1
V2 1
+;+
3 3 x 4 3 x4 X 34