Professional Documents
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HTRI
HTRI
Umang Shah
FDC – Process
REAL, Jamnagar
Overview
2
TYPE OF HEAT EXCHANGERS
Types of Heat Exchangers
1. Tubular
2. Non-tubular
1. Plate type
2. Hybrid
4
Tubular Heat Exchangers
5
Brief description of various HE’s
o Floating-head
o Fixed tube sheet
o U-tube
6
Floating-head
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Fixed Tube sheet
8
U-tube
9
SPECIFYING GEOMETRY
Modules of HTRI
⚫ Xchanger Suite
– Thermal performance and pressure drop analysis
⚫ Shell and tube exchangers, Xist
⚫ Hairpin exchanger, Xhpe
⚫ Jacketed pipe, Xjpe
⚫ Air coolers and Economizers, Xace
⚫ Plate and frame exchangers, Xphe
⚫ Tube vibration analysis, Xvib
⚫ Fire heaters, Xfh
11
Xist Geometry
⚫ TEMA types
– E, F, G, H, J, K, X
– Single and multipass tube arrangements
⚫ Double pipe
⚫ Reflux condensers
⚫ Falling film evaporators
12
Xist Geometry
⚫ Baffle types
– Single segmental
⚫ No tube in window (NTIW)
– Double Segmental
– RODbaffle
– EMbaffle
– Helical Baffle
– None
13
Baffle Types & Arrangement
14
Baffle Orientation
(Important for Horizontal Units)
15
Xist Geometry
⚫ Limitations
– Inclined horizontal tube condensation up to 20°
– No high-finned tube
16
Calculation Types
– Rating
⚫ Specified geometry and Duty
– checking the performance of a specified heat exchanger
– Design
⚫ Unspecified geometry (some elements) and specified
duty
– performing the design for a specified duty
– Simulation
⚫ Specified geometry and unspecified duty
– predicting the performance of a specified geometry for a
given set of inlet (or outlet) conditions
17
Xist Required Geometry Inputs
(Rating Cases)
⚫ Shell type
⚫ Shall diameter (or number of tubes)
⚫ Number of shells in series and in parallel
⚫ Central baffle spacing (or number of cross
passes)
⚫ Tube data (length, outside diameter, pitch,
thickness, number of passes, pattern)
18
Xist Other Geometry
(Rating Cases)
– U-Tube
⚫ Full support plate
⚫ Location of Nozzle
– Reboiler geometry
⚫ Piping
⚫ Liquid static head
⚫ Bundle and kettle diameter
– Nozzle location
19
Xist Calculated Geometry
(Rating Cases)
⚫ Nozzle sizes
– Height under nozzle
⚫ Inlet and outlet baffle spacing
⚫ Tube-to-baffle, bundle-to-shell, baffle-to-shell
clearance
User input overrides
⚫ Baffle orientation Xist default calculations
⚫ Pass lane width
20
Xist Design Modes
21
Grid Design Mode
– In Input-Design-Geometry Panel
⚫ Minimum, maximum and steps
– Shell diameter
– Baffle spacing
– Number of tube passes
– Tube length
– Tube pitch ratio
– Shell and baffle type
22
Grid Design Mode
23
Classic Design Mode
24
Classic Design Mode
(Overall Procedure)
25
Classic Design Mode
(Shortcut Engine)
26
Specifying Process Conditions
and Physical Properties
Process Specification
(Required Conditions)
28
Process Conditions
(Definitions)
29
Process Specification Rules
(General)
30
Process Specification Rules
(Two-Phase)
31
Process Specification Rules
(Rules of thumb)
32
Fluid Property Data
– Density
– Viscosity
⚫ Pressure drop
– Specific Heat
⚫ Single-phase heat release
– Temperature profile
– Thermal conductivity
33
Heat Release Data
34
Fluid Property Options
35
Mixture Properties Via Grid
36
Built in Property Generator
– VMG thermo
⚫ Various Thermodynamic models available to generate
properties of multi-component feed
– HTRI
⚫ Useful for pure component
37
Basic Correlations for Thermal Design
Q = U * A * MTD
Q = heat transferred, kcal/h
U = Overall heat transfer coefficient, kcal/h m2 C
A = Heat transfer area, m2
MTD = Mean temperature difference, oC
38
Some fundamental correlations
39
Impact on HTC
40
MTD Calculations and Output
Summary
Stream analysis
42
Shell side flow streams
⚫ A Stream
– Between tube OD and baffle hole
– Thermally ineffective
– Can be large for narrow baffle spacing
– Decreases with multi-segmental baffles
– Can plug with fouling deposits (check DP when A
stream is plugged)
43
Shell side flow streams
⚫ C Stream
– Between bundle and shell
– Typically should not exceed 20%
– Block by adding sealing strips or rods
– Partially effective for heat transfer (in contact
with heat transfer surface)
44
Shell side flow streams
⚫ F Stream
– Through pass lane clearance in bundle
– Typically should not exceed 20%
– Block by adding sealing strip or rods
– More effective for heat transfer than C stream,
less effective then A stream
45
Shell side flow streams
⚫ E Stream
– Between baffle and shell
– Ineffective (bypasses bundle)
– Can cause significant DTm correction
– Often caused by too small baffle cut and/or
spacing
– Must be sure that baffle-to-shell clearance not
more than TEMA recommendation
46
Temperature Profile Distortion
47
HTRI Delta Factor
(Xist Methods)
⚫ Explicit D method
– Exchanger rated assuming no distortion
– D calculated for each increment
– Each increment is de-rated
⚫ di = LMTD*/LMTDi
49
Output Summary
(Definition of selected entries)
U actual – U required
% Over design = ------------------------------ X 100
U required
51
Pressure Drop