The Beauty of Object-

Oriented Programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that utilizes
objects to structure code. A well-designed OOP program can be easy to read,
understand, and modify. In this presentation, we'll explore the benefits and
drawbacks of OOP, and take a look at some examples that showcase its power.
The Four Major Concepts of
OOP
1 Abstraction
Abstraction refers to the
process of taking away
unnecessary details while
keeping only the essential
ones. This provides clear and
concise interfaces to easily
work with objects.
3 Inheritance
Inheritance refers to the
ability to create new classes
from existing ones. This can
reduce code duplication and
make programs more
organized and scalable.
2 Encapsulation
Encapsulation is the practice
of keeping an object's internal
details hidden from the
outside world, allowing
objects to change their
internal state without
affecting the rest of the
program.
4 Polymorphism
Polymorphism is the ability for
an object to take on many
forms. This makes code more
flexible, reusable, and easier to
maintain.
Encapsulation in Depth
Definition
Encapsulation is the practice of
hiding an object's state and
behavior from the outside world
while still allowing access to its
methods.
Example
Imagine an ATM machine. When
you withdraw money, you can
only withdraw what you have in
your account. You can't just
reach in and take whatever you
want. The ATM machine
protects your account balance by
encapsulating it, allowing only
certain actions to be performed.
Benefits
Encapsulation provides a clean
separation of concerns and
reduces code complexity. It also
helps prevent bugs and makes
code easier to maintain and
debug.
Inheritance in Action
1 Base Class
A base class contains the common

Derived Classes 2 functionality that can be shared with

derived classes.
Derived classes inherit functionality from

3
the base class while also having their own
unique functionality. Example
Consider a game in which there are
different types of enemies. Each enemy
has some common functionality (e.g.
taking damage), as well as unique
functionality (e.g. flying or attacking). By
using inheritance, we can define a base
enemy class with common functionality,
then create different derived classes for
each type of enemy.
Benefits and Drawbacks of OOP
Benefits Drawbacks
● Code Reusability ● Steep Learning Curve
● Easier Maintenance ● Overuse can lead to Bloated Code
● Improved Flexibility ● Slower Execution Time
● Increased Productivity ● Difficulty in Debugging
Real-World Examples of OOP

Design Patterns Video Games Movie Booking

Many design patterns in software Video games are often developed
Application
engineering are based on OOP using OOP principles. The use of Applications for booking movie
concepts and principles. These objects to represent game entities, tickets often use OOP to organize

patterns provide solutions to such as characters, items, and data and provide an easy-to-use
common programming problems weapons, enables game developers interface. By using objects to
and are widely used in software to create complex game worlds and represent movies, theaters, and

development. engaging gameplay. customers, these applications can

provide personalized
recommendations and a smooth
checkout experience.
The Future of OOP
"Object-oriented programming is an exceptionally bad idea which could only
have originated in California."

Edsger W. Dijkstra

Despite the criticisms, OOP remains one of the most widely used programming
paradigms today. As programming languages continue to evolve and new
technologies emerge, OOP principles will likely continue to play a key role in
shaping the way we write software.