CPAR materials to form the

sculpture, rather than

CONTEMPORARY – MODERN removing them.
o Assembling – refers to
CONTEMPORARY – means current, a technique of using
now, and present.
different objects and
CONTEMPORARY ART – “The art of materials collectively
today” called “found objects”
and glued, attached, or
CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS
held together into one
Visual Arts – are artworks and piece.
practices meant to be perceived by o Casting – is more often
sight. used for mass
productions of a piece.
 DRAWING – is a practice in This involves using a
which images are created by mold that will be
using a medium (e.g., pencil, poured on with a liquid
pen) on a surface by marks of material, such as
lines and shapes. plastic or rubber,
 PAINTING – is the art of which will then harden
applying paint (using a brush, and form a cast.
palette knife, airbrush, etc.) on a  PRINTMAKING – is a technique
surface, and its result. The most done for reproducing a piece of
common mediums used are art. The most common kinds are
watercolor, oil, acrylic, and spray Serigraphy, Relief, and Intaglio.
paint. o Serigraphy – also
 ARCHITECTURE – is the art and referred to as
science of designing and silkscreen printing,
planning structures, such as is a technique that
buildings and houses. uses a screen and
 SCULPTURE – is the art of squeegee to push
making three-dimensional paint onto the
pieces. It has four basic surface below.
techniques, namely, carving, o Relief – utilizes a
modeling, assembling, and block that is
casting. carved, then
o Carving – involves painted on the
removing materials raised areas, after
from the medium which is pressed on
using various tools, a surface.
such as knives and o Intaglio – is the
chisels. use of engravings to
o Modeling – is the apply paint on so
process of gradually that the final
adding and reworking product will have
soft and malleable an embossed effect,
 commonly used in
printing banknotes.
Applied Arts – is the art of applying
design to everyday objects.
 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN – is
meant to create and design
commercial objects and products
with the aim to improve
functionality and value
relation to its design.
 GRAPHIC DESIGN – combines
images and typography mainly
done for commercial purposes,
such as advertising.
 FASHION DESIGN – is the
process of designing and creating
clothing.
 INTERIOR DESIGN – aims to
create an environment inside a
structure that is functional, safe,
as well as aesthetically pleasing.
 HANDICRAFTS – is the art of
producing useful and decorative
objects with simple tools.
Examples of handicrafts include
embroidery, woodcrafts,
metalcrafts, ceramics, weaving,
and paper art.
 PHOTOGRAPHY – is the process
of capturing still images and
utilizing light with a camera.
o Portrait Photography
capturing stills of a person or a
group of people.
o Landscape Photography
capturing natural landscapes
and wildlife.
o Mobile Photography – is when
the photographer uses a mobile
phone’s camera.
o Commercial Photography –
advertising a product for the
purpose of selling it.
o Food Photography – capturing
photos of food.
o Sports Photography – taking
photos of moments in sports.
Performing Arts – are produced by
using one’s voice, body, or presence
usually presented in front of an
audience.
in  MUSIC – the use of one’s voice or
instruments to produce sound.
Musical genres in the country
include pop, choir, rock, hip-
hop, and folk music.
 DANCE – utilizes the artist’s
body movements, facial
expressions, as well as presence
to produce a piece. It is usually
accompanied by music.
 THEATER – integrates spoken
dialogue, acting with body
movements and facial
expressions, literary elements,
design (e.g., costume, theater
space, props), and music to
create a whole production.
 SPOKEN WORDS – is a
performance of a poem that
focuses on enunciation and
delivery.
Literary Arts – is the art of utilizing
words and written language.
–
 POETRY – is a form of literature
that has a rhythm scheme and a
– unit of rhythm, called meter.
 LEGEND – is defined as a story
that is used to explain an event
or phenomenon that is handed
down from generation to
generation.
 NOVEL – is a lengthy narrative,
usually of different individuals.
Genres of novels include
 mystery, science fiction, horror
or thriller, romance, and history.
 SHORT STORY – is a short
fictional work, which can usually
be read in a few minutes.
Examples of short stories include
anecdotes, fables, fairy tales, and
parables.
 ELECTRONIC LITERATURE – is
a new form of literature made to
be viewed on devices, such as
computers and mobile phones.
Additionally, printed books are
now converted to be viewed on
electronic devices which are
called “e-books”.
Media Arts – are forms of art that
are produced, shown, and make use
of media technologies, such as
computers, television, film, radio,
and mobile phones.
 FILMMAKING – is the
process of capturing moving
images generally made for
media broadcast. The process
of making a film involves
conceptualizing, writing, and
producing a story which
involves casting talents,
enacting the screenplay,
shooting scenes, recording
sound and music, editing,
and screening before
broadcasting.
 VIDEO ART – is considered
to be the abstract form of
video making because it does
not rely on the elements of
traditional videos, such as
actors, dialogue, and plot.
 VIDEO GAMES – are
interactive forms of art that
are played on a computer or
home console.
 ANIMATION – is the art of
making 2D or 3D figures and
images move.
ART FORMS AND PRACTICES:
NATIONWIDE AND LUZON
Nationwide
 BAHAY NA BATO – it is a house
that is based on the bahay kubo
architecture but made with more
stable and durable materials
with influences from Spanish
and Chinese architecture.
 BAHAY KUBO – the epitome of
Filipino vernacular architecture,
it is a house usually erected with
stilts and made of plant
materials, such as bamboo and
dried coconut leaves for roofs.
 BANGKA – a collective term for
the diverse maritime crafts
across the country used for
transport, fishing, and trading.
 HARANA – a traditional act of
courtship in the form of a
serenade.
 KUNDIMAN – a love song written
in Tagalog, used in courtship.
 NEOVERNACULAR
ARCHITECTURE – vernacular or
traditional architecture
combined with modern
architecture (e.g., Coconut
Palace, San Miguel Corporations
Headquarters, Cultural Center of
the Philippines).
 ORIGINAL PILIPINO MUSIC
(OPM) – songs composed by
Filipino artists in different genres
and styles.
 PASYON – a retelling of the
Passion of Jesus Christ through
 readings, chants, performances,
and narratives.
 SENAKULO – a dramatic play or
reenactment of the Passion of
Jesus Christ performed during
the Holy Week.
 TANAGA – poetry based on the
Japanese Haiku, has 4 lines, 7
syllables for each line, and has a
rhyme scheme of AABB.
 ZARZUELA – a lyric-dramatic
play introduced by the Spaniards
that blends theatrical drama,
singing, and dancing which
started as a form of propaganda
against foreign rule.
Region 1 (Ilocos Region)
 BOLINAO MATS (PANGASINAN)
– mats made from dried buri or
palm leaves cut into strips and
woven. Some strips are dyed to
make distinct patterns and
designs.
 BURNAY (ILOCOS SUR) – it is
the tradition of making jars from
clay kneaded by carabaos before
being worked on by the potter
originally used for aging vinegar,
wine, and bagoong.
 INABEL (ILOCOS) – traditional
plain or patterned weaving
originated in Ilocos using cotton.
 BINAKOL – a type of abel weave
that uses geometric optical
patterns which represent waves
of the sea meant to ward off evil
spirits.
 PANDANGO OASIWAS
(PANGASINAN) – a Spanish
fandango dance performed when
fishermen celebrate a day of good
yield with the dancers swinging
and dancing while holding
lighted lamps.
 SAYAW SA BANGKO
(PANGASINAN) – it is a folk
dance in which the dancers
perform their dances on top of
multiple benches.
 VIGAN ARCHITECTURE
(ILOCOS SUR) – established in
the 16th century, it is a town that
preserved Spanish Renaissance
Architecture.
Cordillera Administrative Region
(CAR)
 BATOK – the practice of
tattooing by using a thorn
attached to a stick and a mixture
of charcoal and water. In the
tribes of Kalinga, men earn
tattoos to show pride and
achievements, while women get
them to beautify themselves and
show wealth.
 GANGSA (KALINGA, IFUGAO) –
a single handheld smooth-
surfaced gong with a narrow rim.
 IKAT (IFUGAO) – the technique
of dyeing the cotton yarns before
weaving.
 LABBA (IFUGAO) – a wide
basket made from bamboo used
to carry produce from the fields.
 RICE TERRACES OF THE
PHILIPPINE CORDILLERAS
(IFUGAO) – Rice Terraces that
are built on hills and slopes of
fields of rice. These are spread
across four municipalities in the
Ifugao Province.
Region 2 (Cagayan Valley)
 BAKWAT (NUEVA VISCAYA) – a
woven cotton belt worn by
mothers after giving birth.
 BUTAKA (ISABELA) – a wooden
chair with long “armrests” that
 are actually for the legs as it was
originally used by women when
giving birth.
 SAMBALI (CAGAYAN) – a war
dance meant to depict the fight
between Christians and Non-
Christians who opposed Spanish
influence performed during the
Sambali Festival.
 VAKUL (BATANES) – a headgear
made from dried Voyavoy leaves
worn by women to provide them
protection from the heat.
Region 3 (Central Luzon)
 PABALACAT (BULACAN) – a
kind of paper art in which
intricate designs are made by
cutting Japanese Paper to wrap
a delicacy called pastillas.
 PAROL (PAMPANGA) – an
ornamental, star-shaped lantern
made for Christmas to symbolize
the Star of Bethlehem.
 PYROTECHNICS (BULACAN) –
the craft of creating fireworks.
 SINGKABAN (BULACAN) – the
art of producing decorative
materials using bamboo.
 SUBIC SPANISH GATE
(ZAMBALES) – a gate built in
1885 that originally served as
the entrance to the Spanish
naval station and then turned
into a base by the US Navy.
Region 4A (CALABARZON)
 BALSA (BATANGAS) – a boat
made of bamboo decorated
during the Balsa Festival in
Batangas as recognition for its
significance in transport, fishing,
as well as tourism.
 BARONG TAGALOG (LAGUNA) –
popularly known as “Barong”, it
is the official formal wear of men
in the country.
 HIGANTES (RIZAL) – a giant
paper mache meant to portray
farmers mocking and protesting
mean landlords when Angono
was a hacienda used during the
Higantes Festival.
 KIPING (QUEZON PROVINCE) –
a delicacy made of glutenous rice
and shaped into a leaf used in
the Pahiyas Festival in Lucban,
Quezon which is also made to
serve as a decorative piece.
 MAGLALATIK (LAGUNA) – an
indigenous dance in which the
dancers tap and utilized halved
coconut husks strapped onto
their bodies.
 TAKA (LAGUNA) – the art of
making paper mache crafts made
using wood statues as molds.
Region 4B (MIMAROPA)
 AMBAHAN (MINDORO) – a poem
created by the Hanunuo
Mangyans that is chanted and
often carved on bamboo.
 MORION (MARINDUQUE) – a
large mask that resembles
Caucasian features used for a
street play in the Moriones
Festival.
 PANDANGGO SA ILAW
(MINDORO) – a dance influenced
by the Spanish dance, fandango,
wherein the dancer must balance
oil lamps on their hands and
head.
Region 5 (Bicol Region)
 PANTOMINA (BICOL) – also
known as the “dove dance”, it is
a dance originally performed at
 weddings by the couple and their
visitors.
 BALAY (SORSOGON) – weaved
crafts made of buri, a native
palm.
ART FORMS AND PRACTICES:
VISAYAS AND MINDANAO
Region 6 (Western Visayas)
 CAPIZ (CAPIZ) – crafts and
decorations made from seashells.
 CARIÑOSA (PANAY ISLAND) – a
dance introduced by the
Spaniards performed for flirting
with the female dancer utilizing
either a fan or handkerchief.
 DANDANDSOY (ILOILO) – a
Visayan folk song about a person
leaving a boy, named
Dandansoy, to go back home.
 HABLON (ILOILO) – it is the
process of making fabrics using
piña, abaca, or cotton in Iloilo.
 PATADYONG (ANTIQUE,
ILOILO, NEGROS OCIDENTAL)
– a woven cloth that has a
colorful plaid or checkered
design.
 HINILAWOD (PANAY ISLAND) –
a 29,000-verse epic poem about
the heroes of Panay chanted for
three days; Hinilawod translates
to “Tales from the Mouth of the
Halawod River”.
 PAGRARA (ILOILO) – a hand-
woven basket made of bamboo.
 PIÑA (AKLAN) – the use of piña
fabric, which comes from mature
pineapple leaves that are
scraped, cleaned, and dried
before being woven.
 SINAMAY (NEGROS ISLAND) –
a fabric woven from abaca fibers
from processed abaca trees.
Region 7 (Central Visayas)
 GAPNOD (NEGROS ORIENTAL)
– a dance reenacting the
discovery of an image of St.
Anthony of Padua, the patron
saint of Sibulan, by a fisherman.
 GUITAR (CEBU) – a musical
instrument that has 6 strings.
 KURADANG (BOHOL) – a
wedding dance performed with
the accompaniment of a
rondalla.
 MAZURKA BOHOLANA
(BOHOL) – a Spanish-inspired
ballroom dance where the female
character wears a Maria Clara.
 SINULOG (CEBU) – a dance that
represents the “sulog” (current)
of a river in Cebu performed
during the Sinulog Festival.
 SURTIDO CEBUANO (CEBU) – a
square dance performed by
several pairs that combine
influences of Spanish, Mexican,
French, as well as indigenous
elements together.
Region 8 (Eastern Visayas)
 BASEY MATS (SAMAR) – Basey,
Samar is renowned for its woven
sleeping mats, locally known as
banig.
 KURATSA (LEYTE) – a courtship
dance performed during fiestas,
family gatherings, as well as
weddings.
 TINIKLING (LEYTE) – a dance
which involves two people
beating, tapping, and sliding
bamboo poles on the ground and
against each other in
 coordination with one or more
dancers.
Region 9 (Zamboanga Peninsula)
 BUNGA SAMA – the highest form
of Yakan weaving that has
patterns that represent the
universe.
 GONG – a percussion musical
instrument that is usually made
of metal.
 SEMMEK - the collective term
for dresses made by the Yakan
women using abaca, pineapple,
and bamboo.
 TANYAK TANYAK – a custom of
face painting by the use of a
mixture of flour and water done
in wedding ceremonies.
Region 10 (Northern Mindanao)
 KUDYAPI – an instrument that
looks like a boat and has two
strings.
 HINABOL (BUKIDNON) – a
hand-woven fabric made by the
ethnic Higaonon tribe.
 IDANGDANG (BUKIDNON) – a
ballad song that is about
recalling historical events.
 PANIKA (BUKIDNON) – a
headdress worn during festivities
Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of
made of native materials.
Region 11 (Davao Region)
 DAGMAY – a woven fabric made
by the Mandaya tribe that is
usually used by women as a
skirt, as well as a blanket or
wrap for the dead.
 BAGOBO INABAL – a traditional
textile made from abaca with a
special weave worn only by
women and has a shine from the
beeswax applied during the
weaving process.
Region 12 (SOCCSKSARGEN)
 GINAKIT (SARANGANI) -
brightly colored boats used by
Muslim royals and high-ranking
people in Mindanao during the
pre-colonial and Spanish
periods, and now showcased in
the Pakaradyan Festival.
 TABIH (GENERAL SANTOS
CITY, SARANGANI, SOUTH
COTABAT0) – a hand-woven
cloth made by the B’laan people.
 T’NALAK (SOUTH COTABATO)
– made by the T’boli people, it is
a method of weaving abaca
inspired by the weaver’s dreams.
Region 13 (CARAGA)
 BUTUAN BOATS (AGUSAN DEL
NORTE) – an edged-pegged
plank-type boat made from
hardwood.
 ITIK-ITIK (SURIGAO DEL SUR)
– a dance in which the steps
mimic the gestures of a duck.
 SUYAM (AGUSAN DEL SUR) – a
kind of embroidery made by the
Manobo people.
Muslim Mindanao (BARMM)
 MALONG (SULU, ALL OVER
MINDANAO) – a large, wrap-
around skirt that displays the
okir design.
 OKIR (TAWI-TAWI) – a distinct
geometric and flowing plant
design and folk motifs found
among the Moro and Lumad
people.
  PIS SYABIT (SULU) – a
headdress worn by men to
represent one’s rank in society.
 SEPUTANGAN (BASILAN) – a
woven fabric, considered to be
one of the earliest weaving
techniques, worn by the Yakan
women.
 SINGKIL (LANAO DEL SUR) – a
folk dance that depicts the epic
poem, Darangen.
 SARIMANOK (LANAO DEL SUR)
– the symbol of Maranao art
which depicts a legendary,
colorful bird that symbolizes
good fortune.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
ELEMENTS OF ARTS – are the
building blocks of artworks, whether it
is visual, performing, or literary arts.
- The different Elements of Art can
be used to express certain
emotions and meanings.
- Depending on how it looks,
humans have different emotional
and psychological responses and
perceptions to each.
1. LINE – a line is a stroke or mark
that can be straight, curved,
thick, or thin.
- A line may be utilized to suggest
movement, emotions, depth,
distance, and rhythm.
2. SHAPE –a space enclosed by
lines. The use of shapes can
dictate the point of view of the
viewer or audience called,
perspective.
- Perspective changes depending
on a shape’s size and angles.
- Shapes can also present different
emotions and actions, such as
circles for continuous movement.
3. FORM – pertains to a three-
dimensional shape or any shape
that has length, width, and
depth.
- Forms help create the illusion of
a three-dimensional design in a
two-dimensional plane, line in
interior design, or architectural
design.
- Form is an integral element in
traditional 3D art, such as
carving and ceramics.
4. COLOR – color refers to the
product when light hits an object
and then reflected the eyes.
- Use and value of color creates
the mood of an artwork.
5. VALUE – is how light (tint) and
dark (shade) a color is.
6. SPACE – is the area
surrounding, between, and
within an object; can either be
positive or negative.
- Positive space is the area
occupied by any object, usually
the foreground or object itself.
- Negative space is the area
surrounding an object.
- space illustrates the distance
between objects, perspective,
depth, as well as size.
- It helps evoke a different
message based on the
relationship between the
foreground and background.
7. TEXTURE – pertains to the
visual perception of the surface
of any object.
- Can be experienced either
through seeing or feeling it.
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
1. RHYTHM – the flow or
movement of music through
time.
o BEAT – the recurrent pulsation
that divides music into equal
units of time. HEART of the
music.
o TEMPO – the speed of the beat.
- ANDANTE – moderately slow
- MODERATO – moderately
- LENTO – slow
- VIVACE – lively
- PRESTO – very fast
- ACCELERANDO – gradually
speeding up the tempo
- RITARDANDO – gradually
slowing down the tempo
2. DYNAMICS – refers to the
softness and loudness of the
music.
- It is used by composers to
express how they want their
audience to feel or convey the
mood of the piece through
volume and intensity.
3. TIMBRE – also known as “tone
color”, is the unique quality of
sound.
o Soprano – women who
sing the highest notes;
usually will sing the
melody in choral music.
Brighter tone, generally a
very clear, forward sound.
o Alto – women who sing
below the sopranos and
above the tenors; they are
tasked with filling in the
harmony. A darker tone,
heavier mask.
o Tenor – men who sing the
highest notes; filling in
more harmony. Stacked in
the chord between the alto
and baritone parts. Bright
tone, lighter mask.
o Baritone – men who sing
below the tenors and
above the bass. Fill in the
chord more richly; heavier
mask and a darker color
to the sound,
o Bass – men who sing the
lowest notes in the chord,
driving the bassline. Full,
dark, rich tone. They serve
as a foundation for the
ensemble sound.
4. MELODY – pertains to a series of
notes together. This is the most
memorable part of the music.
- It is the tune of a musical
piece.
5. HARMONY –the sound of two or
more notes heard at the same
time.it is when sounds form a
cohesive whole.
- Is created when all those notes
are heard simultaneously.
6. TEXTURE –the layers of musical
sounds.
Kinds of Texture
o MONOPHONIC – pertains
to a piece that has a
single melody and no
harmony.
o HOMOPHONIC – is the
most common; refers to a
piece that has melody and
harmony.
o POLYPHONIC – refers to
playing various melodies
at once.
NATIONAL ARTISTS OF THE
PHILIPPINES
NATIONAL ARTIST – a Filipino who
has made a significant contribution to
the development of Philippine arts in
the fields of Music, Dance, Theater,
Visual Arts, Literature, Film, and
Architecture.
NATIONAL ARTIST AWARD – in the
Filipino context, it is also known as the
Gawad Pambansang Alagad ng Sining.
- It is the highest recognition for
those individuals who have made
a significant contribution to the
field of arts.
DR. NICANOR TIONGSON – said that
there is an important role played by
contemporary artists in making art that
will contribute to social change by
informing the viewers and audiences
about the nature and causes of the
adversities they face as Filipinos.
- Also challenges the artist to
create art that has social and
political relevance.
ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTIST – the
Philippines value many significant
Filipino artists who have a prominent
contribution to the promotion and
preservation of our cultural heritage.
They have made a notable contribution
in their own field of expertise, obtaining
them the Order of National Artist.
7 CATEGORIES FOR THE ORDER OF
NATIONAL ARTIST
 Music
 Dance
 Theater
 Visual Arts
 Literature
 Film and Broadcast Arts
 Architecture or Allied Arts
PROCLAMATION NO. 1001 DATED
APRIL 27, 1972 – the Order of the
National Artist Award was established.
FERNANDO AMORSOLO – first
awardee
MAY 15, 1973 UNDER THE
PROCLAMATION NO. 1144 – CCP
Board of Trustees was named as the
National Artist Awards Committee.
THE PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 28
WAS ISSUED ON JUNE 7, 1973 –
reiterated the mandate of CCP to
administer the National Awards as well
as the privileges and honors to National
Artists.
THE ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS
AIMS TO RECOGNIZE:
1. The Filipino artists who have
made significant contributions to
the cultural heritage of the
country.
2. The Filipino artistic
accomplishment at its highest
level and to promote creative
expression as significant to the
development of a national
cultural identity.
3. The Filipino artists who have
dedicated their lives to their
works to forge new paths and
directions for future generations
of Filipino artists.
7 CATEGORIES UNDER WHICH
NATIONAL ARTISTS CAN BE
RECOGNIZED:
1. LITERATURE – poetry, fiction,
essay, playwriting, journalism,
and/or literary criticism.
2. FILM AND BROADCASTING/
BROADCAST ARTS – direction,
writing, production design,
cinematography, editing, camera
work, and/or performance.
3. ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN, AND PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
ALLIED ARTS – architecture
- According to Mader (2019), the
design, interior design, industrial
elements or art are the visual
arts design, landscape
tools that the artists use to
architecture, and fashion design.
create a composition.
Consequently, principles of art
represent how the artists uses
elements of art to create an
effect and convey the artist’s
intent.
1. RHYTHM – repetition of certain
elements to produce a pattern.
4. MUSIC – singing, composition,
2. MOVEMENT – illusion of motion
direction, and/or performance.
in a painting, sculpture, or
design.
3. BALANCE – refers to the visual
weight in a picture.
4. PROPORTION – relationships of
the sizes of objects in a body of
work.
5. DANCE – choreography,
5. CONTRAST – this principle
direction, and/or performance.
shows differences between
elements of art in an artwork. It
shows how stronger each
element of art in relation to one
another.
6. VARIETY – refers to the diversity
6. THEATER – direction, or the different elements used in
performance, and/or production an artwork to make it more
design. interesting.
7. EMPHASIS – refers to the
greater impact or highlight given
to a certain element in an
artwork.
8. HARMONY – refers to the unity
of an artwork.

7. VISUAL ARTS – painting,

sculpture, printmaking, GAMABA
photography, installation art,
As envisioned in Republic Act No.
mixed media works, illustration,
7355 – known as Manlilikha ng
graphic arts, performance art,
Bayan Act was established in 1992
and/or imaging.
and shall mean citizen engaged in any
traditional art uniquely Filipino, whose
distinct skills have reached such a high
level of technical and artistic excellence,  2004
and have passed it on to in his or her
community with the same degree of
technical and artistic competence.
THE GAMABA AWARDEES

 1993
 1998

 2012

 2000

 2016