This document discusses fertilizer usage and production in Pakistan. It notes that fertilizer contributes 0.4% to GDP and is important for agriculture. The four main categories of nutrients used in fertilizer are organic, primary, secondary, and micro. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the primary nutrients. While fertilizer usage has increased 101% from 1989 to 2006/7, agricultural land has only increased 8%, highlighting fertilizer's role in boosting food output. The key raw materials for fertilizer production are natural gas, phosphorus, and water. Nitrogenous fertilizers are the most commonly used due to their lower cost.
This document discusses fertilizer usage and production in Pakistan. It notes that fertilizer contributes 0.4% to GDP and is important for agriculture. The four main categories of nutrients used in fertilizer are organic, primary, secondary, and micro. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the primary nutrients. While fertilizer usage has increased 101% from 1989 to 2006/7, agricultural land has only increased 8%, highlighting fertilizer's role in boosting food output. The key raw materials for fertilizer production are natural gas, phosphorus, and water. Nitrogenous fertilizers are the most commonly used due to their lower cost.
This document discusses fertilizer usage and production in Pakistan. It notes that fertilizer contributes 0.4% to GDP and is important for agriculture. The four main categories of nutrients used in fertilizer are organic, primary, secondary, and micro. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the primary nutrients. While fertilizer usage has increased 101% from 1989 to 2006/7, agricultural land has only increased 8%, highlighting fertilizer's role in boosting food output. The key raw materials for fertilizer production are natural gas, phosphorus, and water. Nitrogenous fertilizers are the most commonly used due to their lower cost.
Fertiliser – agri – lots of ind Textile – 60% foreign exchange earnings One of the fastest growth rates Population increasing – need increase in food security – fertiliser – increasing urbanisation – loss of land for agri because land for living needed 1kg fertiliser – 8 to 10 kg of grains – efficient and sustainable 1989 – 2006/7: 101% increase in usage of fertiliser – output of food/grain increased by 58% but increase in land has only been 8% 14 different nutrients used for making fertiliser 4 main categories of nutrients: organic, primary, secondary, micro Organic: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Primary: nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium Secondary: manganese, calcium, sulphur Micro: Ratio is supposed to be – N:P:K=2:1:1 72% fertiliser – nitrogenous fert – cheaper so used more because farmers can’t afford 27% fertiliser – phosphoric fert 1% fertiliser – potassium fert – less because we don’t have a deficiency Per hectare usage of fertiliser was higher for Pakistani Punjab as compared to Indian Punjab but their yield was higher Inaccurate combinations of fertiliser can lead to adverse effects – pollution and env degradation Nitrogenous fert ki sabse imp category is urea – uss 72% ke 63% is urea Uske ilawa bhi bohot hain : dhund lena shayad extra marks miljaen Phosphorous fert ki sabse imp category is DAP – uss 27% ka 22% is DAP FACTOR CONDITIONS: raw material (52% of cost of fert production, 12-13% cost is of fuel stock) Raw material for nitrogenous fertiliser : natural gas (feed stock gas – gov gives 60% subsidy on this, doesn’t give subsidy on fuel stock gas) –> ammonia –> urea ; Natural gas ki most imp fields are Mari Gas Field (less in caloric value so not fit/safe to be used in domestic consumption – devoted to fert prod) and Sui Gas Field – supply of gas is supposed to be at fixed rate Raw material for phosphoric fertiliser : phosphorous -> phosphoric acid ; not really made in Pakistan, we don’t even know if we have phosphorous available, all we know is that we re not capable of making it from scratch ; 40% of DAP is with Fauji Fert Ltd ; has always been more expensive because less percentage of subsidy going to it – leads to lack of usage of DAP which has many adverse effects Nitrogenous: high protein content, better colour and growth, increase in yield – increase in demand during the period between sowing and harvesting Phosphorous: root development, seed formation, photosynthesis - increase in demand during sowing Potassic: saves from pest attack and diseases, brings plumpness in seeds, improves quality of seeds, helps in fruit formation Third most important raw material : water -> needed for production of fertiliser, administration of fertiliser (proper dilution required) 18 million hectare land irrigated in Pakistan – best network of canal system in the world – so much loose silt has settled in them that capacity of reservoirs has decreased by 30% Machinery imported from Italy, Denmark, USA, Japan Warehousing is very important – plants, dealers, and government High level of unethical practices that corrupt the process Transportation cost – 18% transport is through railway 45.8% of overall cropped area in Pakistan is used by wheat – usage of fert by wheat is greatest Demand conditions: high usage in rabbi season Demand driver: cotton and wheat together use up 68% of fert – high ratio of area ; level of rain low so usage of fert high ; previous produce of farmer high so demand for fert next year will be greater ; gov policies (subsidy decreases so fert dand decreases, support prices wali cheez ko research karna, loan and credit availability) ; perceived quality (branding and marketing involved) ; area is also imp because farmers want to reduce transportation costs Structure: