(2021 - 2022)

Design of Power Engines

Clutches

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 Parts of Clutches
1. Flywheel: this clutch part is mounted on the crankshaft, it keeps running
as long as the engine is working.
2. Friction disc: the friction disc could be single or multiple discs depending
on its application. It is made an of material with a high coefficient of friction.
3. Pressure plate: the pressure plate features another friction disc on it. this
pressure plate is mounted on the splined hub.
4. Spring and release levers: the function of the springs is to move the
friction disc back and forth. Clutches use diaphragm spring and levers help to
retract the spring.

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 Clutches

Mechanical
Pneumatic
Hydraulic
Electrical
Automatic
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 Clutches
Mechanical clutches are the simplest mode of clutch actuation and often the least
expensive. Mechanical clutches can be actuated manually or by foot. Hand operation
of mechanical clutches involves actuation directly via cams or levers or, in larger
equipment, through compound linkages.

Mechanical clutches often have a locking mechanism that keeps the system
connected once the unit is engaged. It will remain engaged until a force in the
opposite direction disengages the system. Most mechanical clutches use friction to
operate. Friction force between the drive and driven components allows a moving
component to synchronize with another that is moving at a different speed creating
a solid connection for power transmission. To maximize efficiency, as little slippage
as possible between the input and output shafts is desirable.

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 Clutches
How Does a Mechanical Clutch Work?
A mechanical clutch is a pretty simple system. A steel cable connects the clutch
pedal directly to the clutch assembly. Pressing (or actuating) the pedal moves the
cable. This moves the clutch fork, which actuates the clutch throw out bearing.
This then disengages the clutch plate.

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 Clutches
A hydraulic clutch uses hydraulic fluid instead of a cable to move the clutch
disc. It relies on reservoir cylinders to control pressure in relation to how the
clutch pedal is depressed. Most cars made from the ‘90s onward have
hydraulic clutches.

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 Clutches

MECHANICAL CLUTCH PROS AND CONS

Pros Cons
Old-school pedal feel Requires adjustment and lubrication
Simple system Heavy clutch pedal
Cable can strain/break

HYDRAULIC CLUTCH PROS AND CONS

Pros Cons
Easier pedal press Requires bleeding
Smoother engagement Repairs can be costly
No adjustment needed

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 Clutches
Pneumatic clutches transfer power from
one part of a power transmission driveline
to another using compressed air or other
gas as an operating fluid.

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Clutches

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 Clutches
What Is An Auto Clutch And How Is It Different From A Manual?

A traditional automatic gearbox uses a component called a torque

converter instead of a clutch. This is designed to automatically adjust the
amount of power being transmitted to the driving wheels, according to the
amount of pressure being applied to the accelerator.

The car automatically selects the best ratio according to the driving
conditions, taking into account the car’s speed, engine revs and how heavily
the driver is pressing on the accelerator.

Because of the greater mechanization involved, an automatic transmission

system is much heavier than a manual equivalent. This brings us to one of
the main differences between the two types and something which some
drivers would see as being a disadvantage of an automatic

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 Brakes

A brake is a mechanical device

that inhibits motion by
absorbing energy from a
moving system. It is used for
slowing or stopping a moving
vehicle, wheel, axle, or to
prevent its motion, most often
accomplished by means of
friction.

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 Clutches

Frictional
Pumping
Electromagnetic

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