3:1 What Is

Heredity?
Genetics: The Science of Heredity

Mr.MUHHAMMED EZZAT
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 Heredity
Is the passing of physical characteristics
from parents to offspring .
» Trait: is an inherited characteristic of an organism.

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 Genetics : is the scientific study of heredity .
fertilization : when sperm and egg cells combine together .
» Purebred organism
The offspring of many generations that have the same form of a trait.
For example a purebred tall plant come from tall parents .

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 Experiments with other traits :

In all of the crosses Mendel found that that only

one form of the trait appeared in the F1
generation .However, in the F2 generation , the
“lost” form of the trait always reappeared in
about one fourth of the plants .

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 Gene : is a factor that controls a trait.
Alleles : are the different forms of a gene.

» An organism’s traits are controlled by the alleles it

inherits from its parents some alleles are dominant
while others are recessive .
» A dominant allele : is an allele whose trait always
shows up in the organism.
» A recessive allele : An allele whose trait is hidden in the
presence of a dominant allele .

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Hybrid : An organism with two different alleles for a trait.

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 T t

Tall Dominant
t Recessive
Hybrid

Dominant

Dominant

Recessive

Recessive
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 WW and ww

All will have long wings : Ww

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