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General Procedure For Salt Analysis
General Procedure For Salt Analysis
General Procedure For Salt Analysis
PRELIMINARY TESTS
4.Ammonium molybdate
test:- Canary yellow ppt. Presence of phosphate-
PO43-
To a little amount of salt add
conc. HNO3 and boil and add
excess of ammonium
molybdate.
5.Barium chloride test:-
To a little amount of salt add White ppt, insoluble in conc. Presence of sulphate SO42-
dilute HCl and BaCl 2 to HCl.
solution.
6.Conc. Sulphuric acid test:-
To a little amount of the 1. Colourless pungent Presence of chloride- Cl-
given salt in the test tube smelling gas HCl which
add a few drops of conc. gives dense white
H2SO4 and heat. 2. fumes with a glass rod
dipped in NH4OH.
3. Colourless vapours Presence of CH3COO-
CH3COOH with
vinegar smell.
4. Reddish brown gas Presence of nitrate NO3-
NO2 which turns
FeSO4 paper black.
5. Reddish brown Br2 gas Presence of Br-.
which turns moist
starch paper yellow.
6. Violet paper turning Presence of I-.
starch paper blue [I2].
7. No reaction. Absence of Cl-, CH3COO-,
NO3-, Br-, I-.
7.Flame test:-
To a little amount of the salt 1. Bluish green coloured Presence of Cu2+ salts.
taken in a watch glass add a flame.
few drops of conc. HCl and 2. Brick red coloured Presence of Ca2+ salts.
make a paste. Introduce this flame.
paste into the flame with a 3. Crimson red coloured Presence of Sr2+ salts.
glass rod. flame.
4. Apple green coloured Presence of Ba2+ salts.
flame.
5. No characteristic Absence of Cu2+, Ca2+, Sr2+,
colour flame Ba2+ salts.
GROUP SEPARATION
5.Boil to expel H2S gas and 1. White ppt. May be Ca 2+or Ba2+or Sr2+
add NH4Cl ,NH4OH and 2. No white ppt. salts.
(NH4)2CO3 solutions. Absence of Ca2+,Ba2+
,Sr2+salts. [Group 5]
6.To the salt solution add 1. White ppt. Presence of Mg 2+
NH4Cl, NH4OH and Na2HPO4 2. No white ppt. Absence of Mg2+ [group 6].
solutions
7.To a part of the solution 1. Reddish brown ppt. Presence of NH4+
add Nessler’s reagent 2. No reddish ppt. Absence of NH4+
followed by sodium [group7/ZERO group].
hydroxide solutions.
KMnO4 test:-
SS+ few drops of acidified Pink colour of KMnO4 is Presence of NO2- confirmed.
KMnO4 solution. discharged.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR SO32-
2. For Cd2+
To a few drops of the O.S.add White ppt. Presence of Cd2+ confirmed.
K4[Fe(CN)6].
3. For Pb2+
1. To a few drops the Yellow ppt. Presence of Pb2+ confirmed.
O.S. add K2CrO4
solution.
2. To a few drops of the Bright yellow ppt. which Presence of Pb2+ confirmd.
O.S. add KI solution. dissolves in water on heating
and reappears as golden
yellow sprangles.