1.

Volcanoes
● volcanoes are conical hills or mountains formed by material from the mantle being forced
through an opening or vent in the Earth’s crust
Formation of volcanoes:
a.) shield volcanoes

-movement of plates :

-the eruption is not too violent

b. ) composite volcanoes

● movement of pates:

● violent eruption
Parts of volcanoes:

 magma chamber: contains magma (molten rocks)deep within the Earth’s crust
 vent: an opening in the Earth’s surface through which volcanic materials erupt
 ash cloud: the cloud of ash that forms in the air after some volcanic eruptions
 conduit: a passage through which magma flows in a volcano
 lava: molten rock, which usually comes out of erupting volcanoes
 crater: a bowl-shaped depression produced by a volcanic eruption
State of volcanoes:
1. extinct volcanoes: will never erupt again
2. dormant volcanoes: haven’t erupted in 2000 years
3. active volcanoes: have erupted recently and is likely to erupt again
Post- volcanic activities:
 geyser: a hot spring through which jets of water and steam erupt (e.g.: Old Faithful)
 solfatara
 mofetta
 fumarola
Why do people live close to the volcanoes? :
 geothermal energymake electricity
 volcanic soil is suitable for growing wine (e.g.: Balaton)
 precious metals , ores are formed due to the volcanic activities(gold , silver , copper)
The Ring of Fire:
 70% of the world’s active volcanoes
 along the edge of Pacific Basin
Some famous volcanoes:
 Etna (Italy)
 Vezuv (Italy)
 St. Helen (Washington)
 Mount Fuji (Japan)
Volcanoes can be found:
 along destructive plate margins
 constructive plate margins
 hot spots: magma burns through the tectonic plate