1 - Workbook-And-Notebook

WORKBOOK / NOTEBOOK
The Variable Frequency Drive crash course for three-phase motor applications.
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NOTES - COURSE PROMOTIONAL VIDEO:
• A VFD is a versatile control unit for three-phase motors.

• VFD – Variable Frequency Drive.
• The speed of any three-phase motor is directly linked to the frequency of the three-phase AC power
supply.
• AC – Alternating Current / DC – Direct Current)
• Standard installation without VFD > The motor speed is always fixed at either 50 or 60 Hz.
(Depending on the country)
• A VFD allows us to change the speed of three-phase motors by altering the AC output frequency.
• A VFD can help us to:
o Reduce energy consumption.
o Reduce operating costs.
o Simplify outdated systems. (Such as Star-Delta starters)
o Reverse the direction of an installation.
o Adjust the torque characteristics of the motor.
o Control an installation using external controls.
o Monitor the performance of an installation.
o Improve the overall power factor of the building.
• Some VFD’s can be connected to a single-phase power supply to power a three-phase motor.
• VFD’s can only be used in conjunction with three-phase motors.
• PLC’s (Programmable Logic Controllers) can be used to automate the control of VFD’s.
NOTES - MODULE 1 VIDEO 1: Introduction and important Course Information.
• It is normal to feel overwhelmed with information when learning how to program and install a VFD
for the first time, for the best results complete the course step by step.
• It is not important to memorize the parameters and their functions.
• It is important to understand how to install a VFD and the process that goes into programming a VFD
for a specific application.
• Complete the course on either a desktop computer or a laptop.
• The most important pages of the user manual can be found in the appendix at the back of this
workbook/notebook.
• If the videos appear soft, select the 1080p playback resolution in the Udemy video player.
• You can change the playback speed in the bottom left corner of the Udemy video player.
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NOTES - MODULE 1 VIDEO 2: How a VFD works.
• VFD’s are also known as:

o VSD’s - Variable Speed Drives.
o AFD’s - Adjustable Frequency Drives.
o Inverter - Drives.
o AC - drives.
o Inverters.
o Motor - Drives.
• All VFD’s are inverters, but not all inverters are VFD’s
• PWM - Pulse Width Modulation.
o Step 1: The VFD will convert the AC input (single or three-phase) to DC (On the DC bus inside
the VFD).
o Step 2: The VFD uses capacitors to remove ‘ripple’ on the DC bus.
o Step 3: The VFD uses high-power transistors to output Pulse Width Modulation signals to the
three-phase motor.
• The PWM output of the VFD is digital, not analogue/analog.
• PWM causes a high pitch noise to be emitted from the motor.
• A VFD cannot boost the voltage pressure of the input supply. However, in rare cases, some VFD’s may
have a built-in transformer or a “voltage doubler circuit” to alter the input voltage.
• A VFD can store a deadly charge.
• VFD’s ARE NOT COMPATIBLE WITH SINGLE-PHASE MOTORS.
NOTES - MODULE 1 VIDEO 3: VFD layout and design.
• We have to wait 10 minutes after disconnecting the VFD from the power supply before we can work on
it. (Always read the user manual because the waiting time can vary between manufacturers)
• Always mount the inverter on a non-flammable metal surface.
• The model number on the information plate/sticker/label contains important information, refer to the
user manual for a detailed breakdown of the serial number. (See example on the next page)
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Download / Credit https://www.toshiba.com/tic/datafiles/manuals/S11_Instruction_Manual.pdf
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NOTES - MODULE 1 VIDEO 4: Built-in Operation panel layout.
• The built-in operation panel for all VFD’s is slightly different, refer to the user manual for detailed
instructions on operating the VFD.
• Different VFD’s may have different keypad shortcut features, refer to the user manual for more
information.
NOTES - MODULE 1 VIDEO 5: Pulse Width Modulation explained.
• When it comes to VFD’s we have to take two different types of frequencies into account, the
modulated frequency, and the carrier frequency.
• PWM - very high-frequency digital pulses of DC electricity (supplied from the DC bus) are used to
modulate low-frequency Alternating Current.
• The modulated frequency does not actually exist, but the motor will interpret the modulated
frequency as if it is a normal analogue/analog sine wave signal.
• The modulated AC frequency is the frequency that determines the speed of the motor.
• The carrier frequency refers to the frequency of the PWM pulses.
• The carrier frequency is much higher than the modulated frequency.
• The modulated frequency is determined by how often the VFD will alternate the polarity of the PWM
signals.
• PWM causes additional stress on the motor.
• PWM is NOISY! (Audible and electronic noise)
• We can lower the audible noise by increasing the carrier frequency.
• A higher carrier frequency will cause more stress on the inverter.
• Some VFD’s have to be de-rated if a higher carrier frequency is used, refer to the user manual for
specifications.
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NOTES - MODULE 1 VIDEO 6: Quick overview of our VFD's main features. (RCD vs ELCB explained)
• RCD - Residual Current Device.

• RCD is the correct term for modern current-operated earth leakage breakers.
• The American version of an RCD is called a GFCI breaker (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter).
• The specifications for all VFD’s are different, refer to the user manual for specifications and features.
NOTES - MODULE 1 VIDEO 7: Built-in Internal Noise Filter explained.
• The internal noise filter can be problematic because it has a tendency to cause earth-leakage trips.
• It is not recommended to disconnect the internal noise filter.
• It is recommended to install the VFD in such a way that it does not pass through the RCD. (Only if it is
legal to do so in your country)
• The internal noise filter will trip the RCD because it uses the protective earth to filter the electrical
noise, the RCD will interpret this as an earth leakage fault.
• If an IT earthing system is used, the internal noise filter has to be disconnected. (Hospitals and
continuous processing plants)
NOTES - MODULE 2 VIDEO 1: Motor selection.
• The motor has to fall within the rated limits of the VFD.
• A standard three-phase motor may overheat if it runs at a slow speed for long time periods.
• The default overload settings are set to what the inverter is rated for, not what the motor is rated for.
• If the motor has a lower rating than the VFD, the VFD overload settings have to be adjusted.
• Installations with high inertia may require the installation of a braking resistor to prevent overload
trips.
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NOTES - MODULE 2 VIDEO 2: Important inverter information and overload parameters.
• A VFD will have a parameter to set the motor’s electronic thermal protection.
(Parameter tHr)
• A VFD may have a parameter to set the electronic thermal characteristics selection.
(Parameter OLN)
• A VFD may have a parameter to set the 150% overload time limit.
(Parameter F607)
• Some inverter overload settings are set in Ampere, and some are set in % of what the motor is rated
for over what the VFD is rated for.
• Variable torque loads refer to loads that require low torque at low speed, and high torque at high
speed. (Fans, pumps, and blowers)
• If the inverter has an overload stall protection feature, this feature will automatically reduce the motor
speed if the motor is overloaded. (Only compatible with variable torque loads).
• The 150% overload setting is to tell the inverter how long it is allowed to overload the motor at 150%
capacity before tripping the inverter.
• Inverters are sensitive to electrical noise caused by solenoids, brakes, magnetic contacts, fluorescent
lights, and industrial resistors. Refer to the user manual for remedies.
• The inverter may require open space around it for cooling purposes, for more information refer to the
user manual.
• To prevent electrical noise on the control circuit, refer to the user manual for remedies.
NOTES - MODULE 3 VIDEO 1: Wiring the Power Circuit.
• Power circuit = circuit between the VFD and power supply.

• Main circuit = circuit between the VFD and the motor.
• Always install the protective earth first.
• Refer to the user manual for the correct wire size.
• If a three-phase inverter is used, work on the voltage pressure between the phases, not the voltage
pressure between the phases and the neutral.
• Depending on the power supply and the inverter specifications, if a single-phase inverter is used, the
inverter will be connected between either one of the phases and the neutral, or it will be connected
between two of the phases.
• If connecting a single-phase VFD between a phase and neutral, only a single pole Circuit Breaker is
required.
• If connecting a single-phase VFD between any two phases, a double pole Circuit Breaker is required.
• When connecting a three-phase VFD, a three-pole Circuit Breaker is required.
• Use a circuit breaker with a D-curve rating.
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Mini Exercise 1 - Draw the Power Circuit for a three-phase VFD.
(Connect the Power Supply to the VFD – Refer to Module 3 Video 1 for the correct layout)
Mini Exercise 2 - Draw the Power Circuit for a single-phase VFD that has to be
connected between the Neutral and one of the Phases.
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connected between two different phases.
Mini Exercise 4 - Draw the Power Circuit for a 240-volt single-phase VFD that
has to be connected to a split-phase system in America.
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connected to a single-phase power supply.
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NOTES - MODULE 3 VIDEO 2: Wiring the Main circuit.
• “WYE” and “STAR” configuration refers to the same configuration.

• Standard three-phase induction motors have two voltage ratings, one for WYE/STAR and one for
DELTA.
• The WYE/STAR voltage rating is 1.73 higher than the DELTA voltage rating.
• We always use the motor configuration that has a voltage rating that is the same or slightly higher than
the output voltage of the inverter.
• In the WYE/STAR configuration, we connect two motor windings in series between two phases.
• In the DELTA configuration, we connect one motor winding between two phases.
Three-phase motor configurations:
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Mini Exercise 6 - Connect the Main Circuit.
(Connect the Motor to the VFD – Refer to Module 3 Video 2 for the correct layout)
NOTES - MODULE 3 VIDEO 3: Checklist before applying power to the VFD.

• Is the protective earth in place on both the motor and VFD?
• Does the supply voltage fall within the input voltage of the inverter?
• Did we connect the power supply to the correct input terminals?
• Did we connect the motor to the correct output terminals?
• Are the terminal screws secure?
• Does the motor's voltage rating match or slightly exceed the VFD's output voltage, considering that the
VFD output voltage is limited by the 230V input voltage of the main power supply?
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NOTES - MODULE 3 VIDEO 4: Factory default reset.
• Always factory reset the inverter for new installations.

• Refer to the user manual for detailed instructions on how to factory reset. (Different for all VFD’s)
NOTES - MODULE 3 VIDEO 5: Explanation of Parameter List Layouts.
• Different VFD’s have different parameter categories, refer to the user manual for the parameter
category layouts.
• Find the basic parameter list in the user manual and bookmark the list, because it is very important
information. (Can be found in the appendix at the back of this book)
• Find the extended parameter list in the user manual and bookmark the list, because it is very
important information. (Can be found in the appendix at the back of this book)
• Basic parameter list – most important parameters.
• Extended parameter list – all other parameters are listed here.
• The extended parameter list is most likely located inside the basic parameter list. (Parameter F---)
NOTES - MODULE 3 VIDEO 6: Setting the maximum frequency.
• We usually set the maximum frequency to what the motor is rated for.
• It is recommended to use the frequency rating that is linked to the voltage rating of the motor that
matches the output voltage of the inverter. For example, we use 50Hz at 230v, not 60Hz at 265 volts,
because the main power supply is only 230v. Refer to Module 3 Video 2 for more information.
• The Maximum frequency is used by the inverter as a reference to set the acceleration and deceleration
times. For example, if we instruct the inverter to accelerate the motor to full speed in 5 seconds, and
the maximum frequency is set to 50 Hz, the inverter will accelerate the motor from 0 to 50 Hz in 5
seconds.
• The maximum frequency should not be confused with the Upper Limit frequency.
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Mini Exercise 7 - Refer to the basic parameter list in the appendix at the back of this book (Page K1
to K3). Find the parameter that is linked to the ‘Maximum Frequency’ function. Use the blank
parameter boxes below to set the Maximum frequency to 50Hz. The correct answers are typed in
small text below this exercise.
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Maximum Frequency’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
Parameter: FH / Value 50 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
NOTES - MODULE 3 VIDEO 7: Setting the Upper and Lower frequency limits.
• To set the full frequency range of the motor, set the Lower Limit parameter to 0 Hz, and the Upper
Limit parameter to whatever the motor is rated for. (Usually 50 or 60 Hz)
Mini Exercise 8 - Refer to the basic parameter list. Find the parameters that are linked to the Lower
Limit and Upper Limit frequencies. Set these parameters for a motor that has a 50Hz rating at 230v.
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Lower Limit’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
Parameter: LL / Value 0 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Upper Limit’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
Parameter: UL / Value 50 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
NOTES - MODULE 3 VIDEO 8: Setting the Base frequency and Base voltage.
• The Base Frequency and the Base Voltage parameters are used by the inverter to calculate the ideal
VF-Curve.
• A VF curve, also known as a Volts per Hertz curve, is a graphical representation that depicts the
relationship between the voltage supplied to the motor and the corresponding frequency applied by
the Variable Frequency Drive during operation.
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Mini Exercise 9 - Refer to the basic parameter list. Find the parameters that are linked to the ‘Base
Frequency 1’ and the ‘Base frequency voltage 1’ functions. Use the blank spaces below to set the
parameters correctly. We can assume that the motor is rated for 240 Volts at 60 Hz.
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Base Frequency 1’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
Parameter: vL (Looks like uL on list) / Value 60 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Base frequency voltage 1’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
Parameter: vLv (looks like uLu on list)/ Value 240 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
NOTES - MODULE 3 VIDEO 9: Setting the thermal overload settings.
• The steps to set the thermal overload settings are different for all inverters, refer to the user manual
for instructions.
Mini Exercise 10 - Using the steps described in Module 2 Video 2, calculate the Motor Electronic
Thermal Protection Level in % for an installation where the inverter has a maximum current output
rating of 10 Amps and the motor has a maximum input current rating of 5.5 Amps for the chosen
motor configuration.
(5.5 / 10) x 100 = 55% < ANSWERS ARE HERE
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Mini Exercise 11 - Refer to the basic parameter list. Set the ‘Motor Electronic Thermal Protection
Level 1’ function to the value calculated in the previous exercise.
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Motor Electronic Thermal Protection Level 1’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
Parameter: tHr / Value 55 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
Mini Exercise 12 - Refer to the basic parameter list. Set the ‘Electric-thermal protection
characteristics selection’ so that both the ‘Overload protection’ and the ‘Overload stall protection’ is
activated. We can assume that a standard three-phase motor is used to power a variable torque
load. (0 = valid / X = invalid)
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Electric-thermal protection characteristics selection’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
Parameter: OLN / Setting 1 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
Mini Exercise 13 - Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Set the ‘Motor 150% overload
time limit’ to 90 seconds.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Motor 150% overload time limit’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
Parameter F--- / Parameter F607 / Value 90 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
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NOTES - MODULE 4 VIDEO 1: Running the motor via the built-in operation panel.
• For the motor to start running, we have to set the frequency higher than 0 Hz.
• ‘Slow down to stop’ will force the motor to stop according to the stopping duration that has been
selected.
NOTES - MODULE 4 VIDEO 2: Coast stopping the motor.
• ‘Coast-stop’ will cause the motor to stop under its own momentum.
• The stopping time depends on the resistance and inertia of the installation, the stopping time is
therefore unpredictable.
Mini Exercise 14 - Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Use the ‘Panel stop pattern’
function to cause the motor to coast-stop.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Panel stop pattern’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
Parameter F--- / Parameter F721 / Setting 1 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
NOTES - MODULE 4 VIDEO 3: Forward and Reverse using the built-in control panel.
• The method to reverse the motor using the built-in control panel is different for all VFD’s, refer to the
user manual.
• Most VFD’s will have a dedicated forward/reverse button.
• Forward = clockwise rotation / Reverse = anti-clockwise rotation.
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Mini Exercise 15 - Refer to the basic parameter list. Use the ‘Forward/Reverse run selection’ function
to activate the Forward/Reverse shortcut function on the built-in control panel. (Select one of the
settings that make Forward/Reverse switching possible)
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Forward/Reverse run selection’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
Parameter: Fr / Setting 2 OR 3 are both correct. < ANSWERS ARE HERE
NOTES - MODULE 4 VIDEO 4: Setting the Acceleration/Deceleration time.
• The parameters to set the acceleration and deceleration times for all VFD’s are different, refer to the
basic parameter list in the user manual.
• The acceleration and deceleration time is always in relation to the maximum frequency setting, not the
frequency that is currently in use.
Mini Exercise 16 - Refer to the basic parameter list. Use the ‘Acceleration time 1’ and ‘Deceleration
time 1’ functions to set the acceleration time to 15 seconds, and the Deceleration time to 8 seconds.
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Acceleration time 1’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
Parameter: ACC / Value 15 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Deceleration time 1’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
Parameter: dEC / Value 8 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
NOTES - MODULE 4 VIDEO 5: Setting Hz using the Up / Down buttons.
• Different VFD’s have different frequency adjustment modes, refer to the user manual for more information.
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Mini Exercise 17 - Refer to the basic parameter list. Use the ‘Command mode selection’ function to
activate the built-in operation panel for frequency adjustment.
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Command mode selection’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
Parameter: CNOd / Setting 1 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
Mini Exercise 18 - Refer to the basic parameter list. Use the ‘Frequency setting mode selection 1’
function to activate the up and down buttons on the built-in operation panel for frequency
adjustment.
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Frequency setting mode selection 1’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
Parameter: FNOd / Setting 3 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
NOTES - MODULE 4 VIDEO 6: Halfway point announcement, and VF-curves part 1 of 4.
• A VF curve also known as a Volts per Hertz curve, is a graphical representation that depicts the
relationship between the voltage supplied to the motor and the corresponding frequency applied by
the Variable Frequency Drive during operation.
• On the vertical axis, we have the voltage pressure that the inverter will apply to the motor. The
maximum voltage on this graph is also the base voltage of 230 volts that we set in parameter vLv a bit
earlier.
• On the horizontal axis, we have the frequency range of the motor. The maximum frequency is also the
base frequency of 50Hz that we set in parameter vL a bit earlier.
• A ‘Constant VF curve’ is the most basic of all VF curves. With a constant curve, the voltage and
frequency are always in direct proportion to one another. In other words, if the frequency is at 50%,
the voltage is also at 50%.
• Different VFD’s will have different VF curve modes to choose from, refer to the user manual for more
information.
• The first section of a real ‘Constant VF curve’ will always curve upwards, because the motor needs a
minimum voltage pressure to turn at slower speeds.
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• If energy savings is a priority, the ideal VF curve will supply just enough voltage pressure to the motor,
for the motor to draw just enough current, for the motor to have just enough torque, for the motor to
turn at the correct speed. But not too much, otherwise, the motor will just waste energy for no reason.
NOTES - MODULE 4 VIDEO 7: Setting the motor constants manually, VF-curves part 2 of 4.
• The motor constants refer to the parameter settings that characterize the electrical and mechanical
behavior of the motor.
• A motor can be overloaded even if there is no load connected to the motor.
Mini Exercise 19 - Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Set the ‘Automatic torque boost
value’ function to 18%.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Automatic torque boost value’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
Mini Exercise 20 - Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Set the ‘Motor rated current’ to
5.5 Amps.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Motor rated current’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
Parameter F--- / Parameter F415 / Value 5.5 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
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Mini Exercise 21 – Refer to Module 4 Video 5 to calculate the ‘Motor no-load current’ in %. We can
assume that the Motor will draw 2.8 amps of current at full speed with no load connected to the
motor, and that the motor has a current rating of 5.5 Amps. Round the answer to the nearest whole
number.
(2.8 / 5.5) x 100 = 51 % < ANSWER IS HERE
Mini Exercise 22 - Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Set the ‘Motor no-load current’ to
the value that was calculated in the previous exercise.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Mini Exercise 23 - Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Set the ‘Motor rated speed’ if the
motor will rotate at 1380 rpm at 50 Hz and 230v.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Mini Exercise 24 - Refer to the basic parameter list. Use the ‘V/F control mode selection’ function to
activate the ‘Variable Torque’ mode.
MODE > > > ENTER
‘V/F control mode selection’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
Parameter: Pt / Setting 1 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
NOTES - MODULE 4 VIDEO 8: Torque boost setting macro function, VF-curves Part 3 of 4.
• The torque boost setting macro function is a more convenient method to set the motor constants.
• The torque boost setting macro function is not available on all VFD’s.
• The torque boost setting macro function will cause the motor to behave abnormally when the VFD
starts the motor for the first time.
• The torque boost setting macro function will perform a test on the motor to automatically determine
the motor constants.
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Mini Exercise 25 - Refer to the basic parameter list. Use the ‘Torque boost setting macro’ function to
select the ‘Energy Saving + auto-tuning mode.
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Torque boost setting macro’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
Parameter: AU2 / Setting 3 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
NOTES - MODULE 4 VIDEO 9: Choosing the ideal VF curve, VF-curves Part 4 of 4.
• For the correct VF mode for a specific installation, refer to the user manual for recommendations.
• Constant VF curve – for small cranes and small conveyor belts.
• Variable Torque mode - this mode is ideal for fans and pumps with variable torque characteristics.
• Automatic Torque boost control - The inverter will automatically create the ideal VF-curve.
• Vector Control – Precise and provides the best motor response, but uses a lot of energy.
• Energy Saving – Makes energy saving the priority, motor response is slower.
• Dynamic energy saving – a very effective energy saving mode for variable torque loads, motor
response is slow.
• For VF-rated motors, we have to select a VF mode for VF-rated motors (Parameter Pt setting 6)
(PM = Permanent Magnet motor)
NOTES - MODULE 5 VIDEO 1: External control circuit part 1 of 9 (Selector switches).
• Refer to the user manual for the terminal layout and the functions that are associated with them.
• Refer to the user manual for selector switch settings and their functions.
• Terminal naming/numbering is not universal between manufacturers.
• Most VFD’s will have quick setup guides and simplified user manuals that are easy to find on the
internet.
• Depending on your country, select either Source or Sink logic configuration. This can be done using the
small selector switch that is usually located on the terminal board itself.
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• Source logic (positive logic) is commonly used in North America and some other regions where the
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards are prevalent. It aligns with the
historical conventions of using positive voltage as a reference point and is often associated with
devices following a positive logic convention, where a high voltage or current represents an active
state.
• Sink logic (negative logic) is commonly used in Europe and many other regions where the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards are prevalent. It aligns with the historical
conventions of using negative voltage as a reference point and is often associated with devices
following a negative logic convention, where a low voltage or current represents an active state.
• (V) -Voltage control.
• (I) – Current control.
• Voltage Control (V) means that the voltage value of an analogue/analog signal is used as a reference
signal to make an adjustment.
• The problem with voltage control is that wires also have a resistance, and this resistance can also cause
voltage drops in the control circuit, especially if the wires are very long and very thin. This voltage drop
will result in the VFD receiving an incorrect reference signal.
• If Current Control (I) is selected, the current that flows through the control circuit will be used as a
reference signal. The advantage of Current Control is that the resistance of the control circuit does not
result in the VFD receiving a false input signal, because current flow is always consistent throughout
the control circuit. The drawback of using current control is that it is not as precise as voltage control,
and additional fine-tuning may be required.
• If the VFD has an analogue/analog output terminal for an external Volt / Ammeter, there will also be a
dedicated selector switch to switch between voltage control and current control. (Only if the VFD is
compatible with both Voltmeters and Ammeters)
NOTES - MODULE 5 VIDEO 2: External control circuit part 2 of 9 (CC - Common terminal).
• All VFD’s will have a common terminal (labelled CC for the inverter we are using).
• The common terminal is the common to all the other terminals on the board if the Sink configuration is
selected.
NOTES - MODULE 5 VIDEO 3: External control circuit part 3 of 9 (F and R Terminals).
• Depending on the manufacturer, a VFD may have programable terminals, of which two will most likely
be programmed for the forward and the reverse commands. Refer to the user manual for more
information.
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NOTES - MODULE 5 VIDEO 4: Part 4 of 9, potentiometers, 10 V DC power supply, VIA/VIB
• Depending on the manufacturer, a VFD is very likely to have a built-in 10-volt DC power supply, and at
least one analog input terminal.
• The 10-volt DC power supply should only be used for its intended purpose. (to generate an analog
reference signal)
• In some cases, the analog input terminal/s can also be set to function as digital input terminals, but
this may require modification to the control circuit.
• A potentiometer is an adjustable resistor.
• The specifications needed for the external potentiometer are different between manufacturers, refer
to the user manual for the correct potentiometer specifications.
NOTES - MODULE 5 VIDEO 5: Part 5 of 9, Sink vs Source, (P24 terminal)
• Depending on the manufacturer, if the VFD is set to Source Logic, it will have a 24-volt DC output
terminal, where the common is the negative terminal, and the output terminal is the positive terminal.
• In source configuration, the 24-volt DC output terminal will replace the common terminal for all the
programable terminals. (May be different for other manufacturers)
NOTES - MODULE 5 VIDEO 6: External control circuit part 6 of 9, FM output terminal.
• Depending on the manufacturer, the VFD may have a multi-programable analog output terminal. This
terminal is used to install an external Volt / Ammeter to the VFD.
• To adjust this terminal, the installation has to be in operation.
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NOTES - MODULE 5 VIDEO 7: External control circuit part 7 of 9, FLA/ FLB and FLC.
• Depending on the manufacturer, the VFD may have relay output contacts that are linked to the
protective functions of the inverter.
• The relay contacts will most likely be programable.
NOTES - MODULE 5 VIDEO 8: External control circuit part 8 of 9, RY and RC terminals.
• Almost all VFD’s will have two relay contacts that are programable.
• In most cases, these contacts will be used to output a ‘speed reached’ signal.
• The relay contacts can be programmed to work in reverse. (From normally open to normally closed)
NOTES - MODULE 5 VIDEO 9: Part 9 of 9, Multiprogrammable terminals F/R/S1/S2/S3/RES.
• Depending on the manufacturer, the VFD will most likely have multiple digital input terminals that can
easily be programmed. Refer to the user manual for more information.
NOTES - MODULE 6 VIDEO 1: Two-wire control.
• There are two common control configurations that are widely used in the industry, ‘Two-wire control’
and ‘Three-wire control’.
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• ‘Two-wire control’ requires one continuous command signal for the forward-run command and a
second continuous command signal for the reverse-run command.
• ‘Two-wire control’ requires latching (Normally open) switches, because the signal has to be
continuous.
• ‘Two-wire control’ is banned in many countries because it has a reputation for causing accidents.
• Most VFD’s will have a parameter to override conflicting commands. (When both the forward and
reverse commands are issued at the same time)
Mini Exercise 26 - Refer to the basic parameter list. Use the ‘Command mode selection’ function to
set the ‘terminal board’ as the command mode.
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Command mode selection’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
Parameter: CNOd /Setting 0 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
Mini Exercise 27 - Refer to the basic parameter list, the extended parameter list, and the table of
input functions 1/2/3 lists (Pages K16 to K18 in the appendix at the back of this book). Set the ‘Input
Terminal selection 1 (F)’ so that terminal F will function as the ‘Forward run command’ when
activated.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Input Terminal selection 1 (F)’ Parameter Here. Function Here.
Parameter F--- / Parameter F111 / Function 2 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
input functions 1/2/3 lists. Set the ‘Input Terminal selection 2 (R)’ so that terminal R will function as
the ‘Reverse run command’ when activated.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Input Terminal selection 2 (R)’ Parameter Here. Function Here.
26
Mini Exercise 29 – Wire the external control circuit for ‘Two-Wire control’ in Sink configuration. Refer
to page B3 (also in the appendix), or Module 6 Video 1 for the correct layout. Use terminal F as the
forward command and terminal R as the reverse command. Take note of the SW1 selector switch
position.
Mini Exercise 30 – Wire the external control circuit for ‘Two-Wire control’ in Source configuration.
Refer to page B4 (also in the appendix), or Module 6 Video 1 for the correct layout. Use terminal F
as the forward command and terminal R as the reverse command. Take note of the SW1 selector
switch position.
27
NOTES - MODULE 6 VIDEO 2: Emergency stop using the built-in operation panel.
• Depending on the manufacturer and the VFD model, the stop button on the built-in control panel may
become an emergency stop button if the terminal board is selected as the command mode. By
pressing the stop button twice, the emergency stop function will be activated.
• Before we reset the emergency stop (using the same stop button), we have to make sure that the
command signal is deactivated.
NOTES - MODULE 6 VIDEO 3: Emergency stop and Reset using external buttons.
• If we install an external emergency stop button, it makes sense to also install an external reset button.
• Both the emergency stop and reset buttons have to be normally open.
• For the emergency stop button, a latching emergency stop button has to be used.
28
Mini Exercise 31 – Wire the external emergency stop button and the reset button in Sink
configuration. Refer to Module 6 Video 3 for the correct layout. Use terminal S1 for the emergency
stop button, and use terminal RES for the reset button. Take note of the SW1 selector switch
position.
Mini Exercise 32 – Wire the external emergency stop button and the reset button in Source
configuration. Refer to Module 6 Video 2 for the correct layout. Use terminal S1 for the emergency
stop button, and use terminal RES for the reset button. Take note of the SW1 selector switch
position.
29
input functions 1/2/3 lists. Set the ‘Input Terminal selection 4 (S1)’ so that terminal S1 will function
as the ‘Trip stop command from external input device’ function.
(The ‘Trip stop command from external input device’ function refers to the emergency stop command function).
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Input Terminal selection 4 (S1)’ Parameter Here. Function Here.
input functions 1/2/3 lists. Set the ‘Input Terminal selection 3 (RES)’ so that terminal RES will
function as the ‘Reset command’ function.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Input Terminal selection 3 (RES)’ Parameter Here. Function Here.
NOTES - MODULE 6 VIDEO 4: Three-wire control.
• ‘Three-wire control’ requires one signal for the forward command, a second signal for the reverse
command, and a third signal for the stop command.
• ‘Three-wire control’ requires momentary input signals to activate commands.
• ‘Three-wire control’ is much safer than ‘Two-wire control’.
• ‘Three-wire control’ requires normally open spring-loaded push buttons for the forward and reverse
commands.
• The stop command signal for ‘Three-wire control’ has to be interrupted for the operation to stop.
Therefore, a normally closed spring-loaded push button has to be used for the stop command.
30
Mini Exercise 35 – Wire the external control circuit for ‘Three-Wire control’ in Sink configuration.
Refer to Module 6 Video 4 for the correct layout. Use terminal F as the forward command, terminal
R as the reverse command, and terminal S3 as the stop command. Take note of the SW1 selector
switch position.
Mini Exercise 36 – Wire the external control circuit for ‘Three-Wire control’ in Source configuration.
Refer to Module 6 Video 4 for the correct layout. Use terminal F as the forward command, terminal
R as the reverse command, and terminal S3 as the stop command. Take note of the SW1 selector
switch position.
31
NOTES - MODULE 6 VIDEO 5: External potentiometer.
• Most VFD’s will have a built-in 10-volt DC power supply that can be used in conjunction with an
adjustable resistor (potentiometer) to create an analogue/analog reference signal for speed control.
• Most VFD’s can be switched between Voltage-Control and Current Control (Refer to Module 5 video 1
for more information)
• If the potentiometer works in reverse, we simply swap the outer wires around on the potentiometer to
reverse the polarity.
• For the correct potentiometer specifications, refer to the user manual.
Mini Exercise 37 – Wire the external potentiometer in Sink configuration, and use terminal VIA as
the analogue/analog input for the reference signal. Refer to Module 6 video 5 for the correct layout.
The orientation on the outer terminals of the potentiometer is not important. Take note of the VIA
selector switch position.
32
function to set terminal VIA as the input terminal for the Frequency setting.
MODE > > > ENTER
Parameter: FNOd / Setting 1 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
NOTES - MODULE 6 VIDEO 6: Preset-speed / Staggered Frequencies Part 1 of 2.
• ‘Preset-speed’ is also referred to as ‘Staggered frequencies’.

• ‘Preset-speed’ allows us to use normally open latching switches in binary to select different Preset-
speeds.
• ‘Preset-speed’ is often used by PLC controllers (Programmable logic controllers) to set the motor
frequency on the VFD.
• For every binary combination, we can set the motor speed using a dedicated parameter.
• With only 3 available terminals, we are limited to 7 Preset-speeds.
• With 4 available terminals, we are limited to 15 Preset-speeds.
Mini Exercise 39 - Refer to the binary combination chart below, and determine the Preset-speed
positions (1 to 15) for the switch arrangements below.
Switch 1:
Switch 2:
Switch 3:
Switch 4:
O = Closed Switch / - = Open Switch
1.
• Preset-speed command switch 1: (Open)
• Preset-speed command switch 2: (Closed)
• Preset-speed command switch 3: (Closed) Preset-speed position here (1 -7)
• Preset-speed command switch 4: NOT CONNECTED

6 < ANSWER IS HERE
33
2.
• Preset-speed command switch 4: NOT CONNECTED

5 < ANSWER IS HERE
3.

13 < ANSWER IS HERE
Mini Exercise 40 - Refer to the basic parameter list. Use the ‘Preset-speed operation frequency 5’
function to set the motor frequency to 30 Hz whenever binary combination 5 is selected.
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Preset-speed operation frequency 5’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
Parameter: Sr 5 / Value 30 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
input functions 1/2/3 lists. Set the ‘Input Terminal selection 3 (RES)’ function so that terminal RES
will function as the ‘Preset-speed command 1’ function.
MODE > > > > ENTER
34
input functions 1/2/3 lists. Set the ‘Input Terminal selection 4 (S1)’ function so that terminal S1 will
function as the ‘Preset-speed command 2’ function.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Input Terminal selection 4 (S1)’ Parameter Here. Input function Here.
input functions 1/2/3 lists. Set the ‘Input Terminal selection 5 (S2)’ so that terminal S2 will function
as the ‘Preset-speed command 3’.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Input Terminal selection 5 (S2)’ Parameter Here. Function Here.
function to set the external Operation Panel (binary switches) as the input mode for the Frequency
setting. We can assume that parameter CNOd in the basic parameter list is already set to setting 0
(Terminal board).
MODE > > > ENTER
Parameter: FNOd /Setting 3 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
NOTES - MODULE 6 VIDEO 7: Preset-speed / Staggered Frequencies Part 2 of 2.
• Some VFD’s may have the ability to convert one of its analogue/analog input terminals into a digital
input terminal.
• Using an analogue/analog input terminal as a digital input terminal is not ideal, it is only recommended
to do so if there are no other digital input terminals available.
• The external control circuit may require modification, refer to the user manual for more information.
35
NOTES - MODULE 6 VIDEO 8: Installing an external Volt / Ammeter (FM output Terminal).
• Some VFD’s will have an analogue/analog output terminal to connect an external Volt / Ammeter to
the VFD. The output of this terminal can also be switched between Voltage control and Current
control.
• To calibrate the meter, refer to the user manual for instructions.
• The analogue/analog output terminal may be programmable, refer to the user manual for more
information.
Mini Exercise 45 - Refer to the basic parameter list. Use the ‘Meter selection’ function to set the FM
terminal to output a reference signal for the ‘output current’. Take note of the ‘Adjustment range’
coulomb on page K2.
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Meter selection’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
Parameter: FNSL / Setting 1 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
NOTES - MODULE 6 VIDEO 9: How to install a Jog-Run switch.
• The ‘Jog-run’ function allows us to activate a latching switch, which will cause the installation to slowly
jog forward or backward if the forward or reverse commands are issued.
• This function is useful for servicing the installation and assembly line work.
36
input functions 1/2/3 lists. Set the ‘Input Terminal selection 3 (RES)’ function so that terminal RES
will activate the ‘Jog run mode’ whenever the terminal is activated.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Mini Exercise 47 - Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Set the ‘Jog run frequency’ to 20
Hz.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Jog run frequency’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
NOTES - MODULE 6 VIDEO 10: DC injection braking.
• DC injection braking is the process of applying Direct Current over the motor windings, this causes a
braking effect because DC does not have a frequency.
• A VFD will still use PWM to apply Direct Current to the motor windings, the only difference is that the
signals do not alternate in polarity. For this reason, we can hear the Direct Current when it is being
applied to the motor.
• To activate the DC injection braking, we have to set the starting frequency, the braking current, and the
braking time duration.
• DC injection braking does not require a braking resistor in order to function, these are not related to
each other. A braking resistor applies to dynamic braking, not DC injection braking.
Mini Exercise 48 - Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Set the ‘DC braking starting
frequency’ to 30 Hz.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘DC braking starting frequency’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
37
Mini Exercise 49 - Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Set the ‘DC braking current’ to
70%.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘DC braking current’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
Mini Exercise 50 - Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Set the ‘DC braking time’ to 15
seconds.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘DC braking time’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
NOTES - MODULE 6 VIDEO 11: Dynamic Braking.
• Dynamic braking uses a different method to brake the motor, which is more precise and causes the
installation to come to a standstill according to the stopping pattern of the inverter.
• Dynamic braking works by turning the motor into an alternator, the inverter essentially becomes the
load that causes the alternator to slow down.
• In order for the VFD to act as an electrical load, an external braking resistor has to be installed.
• The braking resistor has to be installed on a metal surface with sufficient cooling space around the
resistor.
• For the correct braking resistor specifications, refer to the user manual.
• The braking resistor terminals will not be located together with the terminals for the external control
circuit, because they output a deadly voltage pressure.
38
Mini Exercise 51 - Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Use the ‘Dynamic braking
selection’ function to enable the dynamic braking function.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Dynamic braking selection’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
Mini Exercise 52 - Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Use the ‘Overvoltage limit
operation’ function to disable the overvoltage protection that is built into the VFD.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Overvoltage limit operation’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
Mini Exercise 53 - Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Use the ‘Dynamic Braking
resistance’ function to set the resistance for the braking resistor, we can assume that the resistor has
a resistance of 120 Ohms.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Braking resistance’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
Mini Exercise 54 - Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Use the ‘Dynamic Braking resistor
capacity’ function to set the capacity in Watts for the braking resistor, we can assume that the
resistor has a wattage rating of 600 watts.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here ‘Dynamic Braking resistor capacity’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
NOTES - MODULE 6 VIDEO 12: Frequency jumping.
• Frequency jumping is a feature that prevents the installation from running at its resonance frequency.
In the same way that the dashboard of some cars will resonate at a certain engine speed, some
industrial installations will resonate at certain motor speeds. Frequency jumping allows us to jump the
frequencies that cause the installation to resonate.
• Not all installations will have a resonance problem, in most cases only installations that are poorly
installed or poorly designed will have a resonance problem.
39
• For every frequency jump we have to set two parameters, the first parameter is the frequency at which
the problem is the worst, and the second parameter is the width of the frequency jump. In our case,
we use parameter F270 to set the frequency at which the problem is the worst, and we use parameter
F271 to set the width of the frequency jump. For example, if the installation has a resonance problem
between 38 and 46 Hz, we will set parameter F270 to 42 Hz, and we would set parameter F271 to 4Hz.
Because 4Hz below 42 Hz is 38Hz, and 4Hz above 42Hz is 46Hz. This will cause the VFD to jump 38 to
46 Hz.
Mini Exercise 55 – Assuming that the installation has a resonance problem between 15 and 25 Hz,
where the problem is the worst at 20 Hz, use the frequency jump feature to jump these frequencies.
Refer to the basic parameter list and the extended parameter list. Use the ‘Jump Frequency 1’
function to set the frequency at which the installation has the worst resonance, and set the ‘Jumping
Width 1’ function to the correct jumping width.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Jump Frequency 1’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Jumping width 1’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
NOTES - MODULE 6 VIDEO 13: Low-speed warning signal.
• Most VFD’s will have a built-in two-contact relay which is most likely programable.
• The relay will most likely be able to reverse its normal state. (From normally open to normally closed)
• In most cases, this relay is programmed by default to function as a run indicator. If the motor is not
running, the contacts will be open, if the motor is running, the contacts will be closed.
• The voltage rating of the relay is different for all VFD’s, most will be rated for 230 volts AC, but some
will only be rated for 24v DC. In general, we would use either 12 or 24v DC because it is much safer.
• For more information, refer to Module 5 video 8, and Module 6 video 13.
40
Mini Exercise 56 – connect the 230v indicator light through the built-in programmable relay (RY and
RC). Refer to Module 6 video 13 for the correct answer. Take note that the contacts are rated for
230v AC.
Mini Exercise 57 – Program the installation as described in Module 6 video 13 so that the installation
will output a warning signal if the installation is running slower than 15 Hz. Refer to the basic
parameter list, the extended parameter list, and the table of output terminal functions 1/2/3 (Page
K18 to K20). Use the ‘Low-speed output frequency’ function to set the frequency at which the
installation is running to slow, and set the ‘Output terminal selection 1A’ function to the function
that will cause the low-speed signal to operate in reverse (Inversion of low-speed detection signal).
Tip: This exercise may come across as confusing, if you need help continue reading this tip. Parameter F 100 will determine at which
frequency the relay contact WILL CLOSE. In other words, the RY and RC contacts will CLOSE if the motor frequency exceeds the value that
is set in this parameter. However, for a low-speed warning signal, we want the opposite to happen, we want the contacts to be OPEN
above 15 Hz and CLOSED below 15 Hz. For this we have to set parameter F130 (Output terminal selection 1A) to function 5 (Inversion of
low-speed detection signal) on page K18, this will cause the relay contacts to function in reverse.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Low-speed output frequency’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
41
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Output terminal selection 1A’ Parameter Here. Function Here.
NOTES - MODULE 6 VIDEO 14: Trip signal.
• Some VFD’s may have additional relay contacts that may also be programmable.
• For the contact layout of the VFD that we are using, refer to Module 5 video 7, and Module 6 video 14.
• Despite the 230v AC rating of the relay contacts, in general, we would use either 12v or 24v DC for
relay contacts because it is much safer.
Mini Exercise 58 – Using the relay output contacts FLA and FLC (Normally Open), wire a circuit that
will activate the indicator light whenever the contacts between FLA and FLC are closed. Take note
that the relay contacts are rated for 230V AC. Refer to Module 6 video 14 for the correct layout.
42
Mini Exercise 59 – Program the relay output terminals FLA and FLC to close whenever the inverter
overload protection function is activated. Refer to the basic parameter list, the extended parameter
list, and the Table of terminal output functions 1/2/3. Use the ‘Output terminal selection 3 (FL)’
function so that the FLA/FLB/FLC relay terminals will function as the ‘Failure signal (trip output)’
function.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Output terminal selection 3 (FL)’ Parameter Here. Function Here.
NOTES – MODULE 6 VIDEO 15: S-Curve acceleration/deceleration pattern.
• The s-curve acceleration/deceleration pattern should not be confused with the VF-curve from earlier.
• The s-curve acceleration/deceleration pattern will smoothen the acceleration and deceleration of the
installation.
• For more information on how the s-curve acceleration/deceleration pattern works, refer to module 6
video 15.
Mini Exercise 60 - Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Use the
‘Acceleration/deceleration pattern 1’ function to smoothen the acceleration and deceleration
patterns according to the curves that are shown below. Refer to Module 6 video 15 for more
information.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Acceleration/deceleration pattern 1’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
43
NOTES – MODULE 6 VIDEO 16: Always active functions.
• An ‘always on’ function allows us to select any feature on page K16, K17, or K18, and to activate it as if
it is connected to a latching switch that is always closed.
input functions 1/2/3 lists. Use the ‘Always active function selection 1’ function to activate the
‘Forward run command’ function.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Always active function selection 1’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
NOTES – MODULE 6 VIDEO 17: Motor starting frequency.
• The motor starting frequency refers to the minimum frequency at which the inverter will run the
motor. This should not be confused with the Lower Limit frequency.
• The VFD will not power the motor below any frequency that has been chosen for the motor starting
frequency.
• The minimum motor starting frequency is different for all installations, and the best way to find the
correct setting is to try different settings until you find one that works for that particular installation.
Mini Exercise 62 – Assuming that the installation will not operate correctly at frequencies below 10
Hz, set the Motor starting frequency. Refer to the basic parameter list and the extended parameter
list. Use the ‘Starting frequency setting’ function to set the Motor starting frequency.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Starting frequency setting’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
44
NOTES – MODULE 6 VIDEO 18: Automatic retry function.
• The retry function will automatically restart the motor after an alarm has been activated. For example,
the inverter will automatically attempt to restart the motor after the thermal overload alarm has been
activated.
• The automatic retry function will automatically be activated if we set the dedicated parameter to any
value higher than 0 retry attempts.
Mini Exercise 63 – Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Use the ‘Retry selection (number
of times)’ function to 5 retry attempts.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Retry selection (number of times)’ Parameter Here. Value Here.
NOTES – MODULE 6 VIDEO 19. Saving user-defined parameters.
• ‘Saving user-defined parameters’ allows us to save all the parameter settings.
Mini Exercise 64 - Refer to the basic parameter list. Use the ‘Default setting’ function to save the user
setting parameters.
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Default setting’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
Parameter: tYP /Setting 7 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
45
Mini Exercise 65 - Refer to the basic parameter list. Use the ‘Default setting’ function to load the user
setting parameters.
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Default setting’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
Parameter: tYP /Setting 8 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
NOTES – MODULE 6 VIDEO 20. Locking the parameter settings.
• Almost all VFD’s will have a dedicated parameter to lock the parameter settings. This parameter itself
will not be locked if activated.
Mini Exercise 66 - Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Use the ‘Prohibition of change of
parameter settings’ function to lock all the other parameters.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Prohibition of change of parameter settings’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
NOTES – MODULE 6 VIDEO 21. Carrier frequency settings.
• All VFD’s will have a dedicated parameter to set the carrier frequency manually.
• Some VFD’s will have a dedicated parameter to set the carrier frequency characteristics.
46
Mini Exercise 67 - Refer to the basic and extended parameter lists. Use the ‘Random mode’ function
to allow the VFD to select the ideal carrier frequency automatically.
MODE > > > > ENTER
Parameter for extended list here. ‘Random mode’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
NOTES – MODULE 6 VIDEO 22. Automatic acceleration and deceleration.
• The automatic acceleration and deceleration functions will allow the inverter to automatically choose
the best acceleration and deceleration times for the installation.
Mini Exercise 68 - Refer to the basic parameter list. Use the ‘Automatic acceleration/deceleration’
function to allow the VFD to automatically choose the best acceleration and deceleration times.
MODE > > > ENTER
‘Automatic acceleration/deceleration’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.
Parameter: AU1 /Setting 1 < ANSWERS ARE HERE
NOTES – MODULE 6 VIDEO 23. Monitor mode.
• Most VFD’s will have a monitor mode.

• The monitor mode will provide real-time information.
• The monitor mode layout is different for all VFD’s, refer to the user manual for more information.
NOTES – MODULE 6 VIDEO 23. Monitor mode.

• A line reactor, also known as an input reactor or AC reactor, is an electrical device that is used to mitigate power
quality issues. A line reactor consists of a coil of wire that is wound around a ferromagnetic core. This coil
introduces inductance into the power supply circuit, which helps to smooth out AC voltage and current
waveforms.
47
• Line reactors are typically connected in series between the incoming power supply and the input terminals of a
VFD.
• A line reactor helps to reduce harmonics by impeding the flow of high-frequency currents and smoothing out
voltage spikes.
• The inductance provided by the line reactor helps to stabilize the voltage waveform by compensating for sudden
changes in load and protecting the VFD from voltage transients. This helps prevent damage to the VFD and other
connected equipment.
• The inductance of the line reactor limits the rate of rise of current during motor start-up or sudden changes in
load, providing protection against current surges and reducing stress on the VFD.
• Line reactors are not required for most basic installations.
*****Thank you for buying my course, your support makes a big difference*****
*****An honest course rating with feedback will be greatly appreciated*****
48
Appendix
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
Reference / Download / Credit
https://www.toshiba.com/tic/datafiles/manuals/S11_Instruction_Manual.pdf
75

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WORKBOOK / NOTEBOOK

• A VFD is a versatile control unit for three-phase motors.

NOTES - MODULE 1 VIDEO 1: Introduction and important Course Information.

• VFD’s are also known as:

NOTES - MODULE 1 VIDEO 3: VFD layout and design.

NOTES - MODULE 1 VIDEO 5: Pulse Width Modulation explained.

• RCD - Residual Current Device.

NOTES - MODULE 1 VIDEO 7: Built-in Internal Noise Filter explained.

NOTES - MODULE 2 VIDEO 1: Motor selection.

NOTES - MODULE 3 VIDEO 1: Wiring the Power Circuit.

• Power circuit = circuit between the VFD and power supply.

• “WYE” and “STAR” configuration refers to the same configuration.

Three-phase motor configurations:

NOTES - MODULE 3 VIDEO 3: Checklist before applying power to the VFD.

• Always factory reset the inverter for new installations.

NOTES - MODULE 3 VIDEO 5: Explanation of Parameter List Layouts.

NOTES - MODULE 3 VIDEO 6: Setting the maximum frequency.

MODE > > > ENTER

‘Maximum Frequency’ Parameter Here. Value Here.

Parameter: FH / Value 50 < ANSWERS ARE HERE

MODE > > > ENTER

‘Lower Limit’ Parameter Here. Value Here.

Parameter: LL / Value 0 < ANSWERS ARE HERE

MODE > > > ENTER

‘Upper Limit’ Parameter Here. Value Here.

Parameter: UL / Value 50 < ANSWERS ARE HERE

MODE > > > ENTER

‘Base Frequency 1’ Parameter Here. Value Here.

Parameter: vL (Looks like uL on list) / Value 60 < ANSWERS ARE HERE

MODE > > > ENTER

‘Base frequency voltage 1’ Parameter Here. Value Here.

NOTES - MODULE 3 VIDEO 9: Setting the thermal overload settings.

(5.5 / 10) x 100 = 55% < ANSWERS ARE HERE

MODE > > > ENTER

‘Motor Electronic Thermal Protection Level 1’ Parameter Here. Value Here.

Parameter: tHr / Value 55 < ANSWERS ARE HERE

MODE > > > ENTER

‘Electric-thermal protection characteristics selection’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.

Parameter: OLN / Setting 1 < ANSWERS ARE HERE

MODE > > > > ENTER

Parameter F--- / Parameter F607 / Value 90 < ANSWERS ARE HERE

NOTES - MODULE 4 VIDEO 2: Coast stopping the motor.

MODE > > > > ENTER

Parameter F--- / Parameter F721 / Setting 1 < ANSWERS ARE HERE

MODE > > > ENTER

‘Forward/Reverse run selection’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.

Parameter: Fr / Setting 2 OR 3 are both correct. < ANSWERS ARE HERE

NOTES - MODULE 4 VIDEO 4: Setting the Acceleration/Deceleration time.

MODE > > > ENTER

‘Acceleration time 1’ Parameter Here. Value Here.

Parameter: ACC / Value 15 < ANSWERS ARE HERE

MODE > > > ENTER

‘Deceleration time 1’ Parameter Here. Value Here.

Parameter: dEC / Value 8 < ANSWERS ARE HERE

NOTES - MODULE 4 VIDEO 5: Setting Hz using the Up / Down buttons.

MODE > > > ENTER

‘Command mode selection’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.

Parameter: CNOd / Setting 1 < ANSWERS ARE HERE

MODE > > > ENTER

‘Frequency setting mode selection 1’ Parameter Here. Setting Here.

Parameter: FNOd / Setting 3 < ANSWERS ARE HERE

NOTES - MODULE 4 VIDEO 6: Halfway point announcement, and VF-curves part 1 of 4.