DEVELOPMENT & ROLE OF ARMY permanent military campaigning warfare constant activity -> impt changes in structure + operation

E army -> standing army essential (professional, well-trained armed force)

ROLE OF THE ARMY Building the Empire -> impt role contributed to growing status -> new social elite - expand + extend: warfare - consolidate + maintain: garrisons, threats force, warfare to control revolts

NAVY Transport soldiers + equipment Eg. Hyksos King + soldiers -> Battle sites; Avaris Eg. Thut III logistical strategy Men + equip + pre-fabricated boats -> coastal ports Syria (Prep for Mitanni camp)

COMPOSITION + TACTICS Infantry - archers front line, volleys arrows break line attack - rank-and-file foot soldiers New chariot divisions - full speed + showered arrows - enemy line broken -> pursue scattered = mobility + surprise = rev warfare = elite corps young heroes (maryannu) - viceroy of N recruited Foreign Contingents - served as mercenaries; incorp into army as wars of expan widened Eg. Medjay N = scouts + skilled archers

ORGANISATION Amun Re of Thebes Division 5000 host 500 company 250 platoon 50 squad 10

Re of Heliopolis Division 5000 host 500 company 250 platoon 50 squad 10

COMMAND STRUCTURE

SOLDIER FOR THE ARMY: AN ATTRACTIVE CAREER

-> Offered outstanding opportunities for reward + promotion officers, even rank-and-file soldiers who demon except bravery/valour rewarded: - land: very many fields - gold: seven times - slaves: male + female slaves -> Honour of fighting alongside Pharaoh for glory of E - Ahmose Pennekhbet I was not separated from the king upon the battlefield I was in the favour of the kings presence -> Desire for adventure + foreign travel -> Social Prestige of being on winning side

AHMOSE SON OF EBANA - most dcor soldier - family were loyal followers - distinguished service + major promotions

AHMOSE PENNEKHBET (Hat + Thut III) Rewards: gold bracelets, necklaces, armlets, golden flies, axes, daggers

Tomb Bio of Ahmose son of Ebana -> Ahmose: Hyksos - gold seven times - male + female slaves - endowed very many fields - fought bravely on foot in his M presence appoint to ship Rising in Memphis -> Amenhotp I: Kush (expansion) - saw my valour carried off 2 handsliving captive promote -> warrior of the Ruler - gold -> Thut I: Nubia (rebellion) - brave in his presence in the bad water in towing of ship over cataract promote -> made crew commander

Tomb Bio of Ahmose Pennekhbet - was not separated from the king upon the battlefield - in the favour of the kings presence - life of royal favour honour under the majesties

USERSATET (Amenhotep II) - royal herald -> member king chariot corps -> NViceroy - personal friend of Amenhotep II (child of nursery)

Semna Stela of Usersatet (king personal letter, inscribed + setup on stone stela) - brave one takes plunder from all lands - chariot soldier who fights for his majesty - possessor woman frm Babylon servant frm Byblos