Hastings Mosque and Muslims in "1066 COUNTRY"

© Sevket Akyildiz, The Eurasia Studies Society of Great Britain & Europe Journal: An Open Access
Working Paper,Vol. 5. No. 1. January 2016

1
All Rights Reserved License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Copyright
2021 revised edition
Photograph 1: Hastings Mosque, St. Leonards (photographer S.H. Akyildiz, December 2015).
HASTINGS MOSQUE AND

MUSLIMS in “1066 COUNTRY”
Seaside Resort Town Muslims of Hastings & St. Leonards-on-Sea, East
Sussex, United Kingdom (circa 1985 to 2015)
Sevket Hylton Akyildiz1
Introduction
A
number of mosques located in mainland United Kingdom are found in cities, beside
traffic-congested roads; by contrast, Hastings Mosque is situated in the historic
conservation area of Mercatoria, St. Leonards (Hastings), surrounded by boutique
cafes and small shops, close to the beach—with the soundscape above of gulls and seabirds
hovering in the salty, windy, sea air.
My short study outlines several general social, cultural and historical themes about
Hastings Mosque and the practising male and female Muslims of that town: Firstly, I will
discuss the origins of the mosque, describe the townscape and social environment around
the mosque, and review statistical information on the town’s Muslim residents. Secondly,
by surveying the mosque, I outline the themes of architecture, facilities, disability access,
education, diversity of the congregation, local burial, and public outreach. At present, the
study of mosques and Muslims in British and European coastal resort towns requires
further researches. This introductory paper seeks to better inform the general reader
1 Sevket Hylton Akyildiz is a researcher, study coach & conceptual artist; he received his PhD
from SOAS (London), in 2011. Author’s site: https://www.sevket-akyildiz.com/about
2
about social change and shifting patterns of worship at one seaside town in South-East
England.
Photograph 2: Grand Parade, St. Leonards Seafront in Winter, Hastings

(photographer S.H. Akyildiz, December 2015).
Photograph 3: Stanhope Place Approach to Hastings Mosque, St.

Leonards (photographer S.H. Akyildiz, December 2015).
3
Origins
In the mid-1980s, a small group of Muslims in Hastings established the East
Sussex Islamic Association (Hastings) and purchased part of the old school
building and grounds in Mercatoria, St. Leonards, opening it as a working mosque
in 1985.2 The mosque at No. 12 Mercatoria Street, St. Leonards-on-Sea3 (a district
of Hastings town, East Sussex),4 is known by locals as the ‘Hastings Mosque’—and
in Islamic-Arabic as Masjid Al Haque5 (see photographs 1 and 3.)
Hastings Mosque is a Grade II listed building: the former Mercatoria National
School—a Church of England religious school.6
In 1847 a National School was built at the Mercatoria, originally a trading area, by
Decimus Burton. The school moved to a new site at Collingswood Drive, St Leonards
C of E Primary and the old school building was converted into a Mosque after purchase
by the East Sussex Islamic Association (Hastings). 7
The purchase of the school cost East Sussex Islamic Association (Hastings) about
£40,000.
The day-to-day organisation and decision-making at the mosque are undertaken
by the Hastings Mosque Committee (Majlis-e-Shoora). At present, this is the
responsibility of a group of mature men. As a charity, the East Sussex Islamic
Association (Hastings) is governed by a Constitution (1983, 1990). Committee
members are elected, for a fixed term of service, by the worshippers.
While Hastings Mosque is principally a Sunni mosque, it has been reported to the
author that on occasion, Shias pray at the mosque too.8
2
The website Mosquedirectory.co.uk incorrectly describes the existence of a second mosque situated in
Hastings, this is in actual fact a private residential home in Pett, Hastings, East Sussex. The private residence in
Pett is not a mosque, it never has been one and there are no plans to turn the dwelling into a mosque.
3
St. Leonards and Hastings amalgamated in 1875, but, as one might expect, both retain distinctive
architectural characteristics and different place identities.
4
East Sussex County consists of the councils of Brighton and Hove, Eastbourne, Hastings, Lewes, Rother, and
Wealden.
5
Masjid means ‘mosque/place of worship’; Haq/haque is an Islamic-Arabic word referring to ‘truth’.
6
A Google map of the site showing a bird’s eye image can be viewed at Muslims in Britain.org, 2015. Available
at http://mosques.muslimsinbritain.org/maps.php#/mosque/837 (accessed 9 Dec 2015).
7
See ‘Burton’s, St. Leonards History’, 1066 online.co.uk, 2012. Available:
http://www.1066online.co.uk/hastings-history/burtons-st-leonards/burton-st-leonards-history.htm (accessed
7 December 2015).
8
Observations made by a regular worshipper at the mosque during the 2000s. December 2015. Author’s
personal archive.
4
Townscape and mosque

Hastings and St. Leonards, like all British seaside towns, have some social
problems,9 many of them have economic roots. As a resort, the town has struggled
more so than Eastbourne and Bexhill-on-Sea to retain its seaside glamour. Over
recent decades, a degree of seaside dereliction and underemployment set in.
However, today, Hastings and St. Leonards benefit from government and
European funding projects designed to affect socio-cultural rejuvenation. Just as
important is the wave of incomers into the town from London and beyond, bringing
with them capital, new ideas and global influences, particularly artists and
entrepreneurial business owners.
As a result, we find Hastings Mosque situated in a socially and culturally mixed
part of St. Leonards town centre. However, the surrounding streets echo a British
flavour, with names like Norman Road, Saxon Street, London Road, and Grand
Parade. Here can be found Regency homes, stuccoed seaside townhouses, mewsy
lanes and Victorian avenues. The neighbours of the mosque, from all classes and
generations, live in these houses, flats, terraced homes, and bedsits.
The retail and customer service economy in the mosque's vicinity has three notable
strands: firstly, small corporate shops and supermarkets, pubs, and fast-food
restaurants, commonly found in all British high streets; secondly, the cafes, halal
kebab shops, East European grocery stores and other self-employed businesses.
Thirdly, charity shops, second-hand goods shops, trendy bric-a-brac shops,
boutique cafes, and the occasional significant cultural site—such as the Kino
Teatr-Cinema Theatre and Baker Mamonova Gallery.
Consequently, the immediate social and cultural environment surrounding the
mosque is diverse. In terms of class, ethnicity, generation, and social groups, there
is a noticeable variety, but this becomes less so if one travels away from the town
centre. However, the Muslims of Hastings and St. Leonards live spatially
distributed throughout the town. Overall, the new local individuals and groups
reflect the increasingly multicultural society found in the seaside town centres of
contemporary Britain and Europe.
Statistical information: 2001 & 2011

A look at the official statistical data for 2001 reports that 635 ‘Muslims’ resided in
Hastings, amounting to nearly 0.7 per cent of that town’s total population of
almost 85,027 people. The data also shows the number of ‘Muslims’ in Eastbourne
(a town geographically close to Hastings) was 880, amounting to about 1.0 per cent
of the town’s total population of approximately 89,667 people.10
9
See Emma Brooker, ‘The Latter-day Battle of Hastings’, The Independent, Saturday 22 October 2011. Available
at http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/the-latterday-battle-of-hastings-1620641.html (7 Dec 2015).
10
‘Religious, Faiths and Beliefs’, Eastbourne Borough Council, 2013. Available at
http://www.eastbourne.gov.uk/community/religions-faiths-beliefs/?locale=en (accessed 25 April 2013); the
total population figures for Hastings, and East Sussex and South-East England from the 2001 and 2011 censes
are available at East Sussex in Figures, ‘Population’, East Sussex County Council. Available at
5
By 2011 the total population of Eastbourne was 99,308 people, and in Hastings, it
was 90,173. The Muslim population of Eastbourne and Hastings in 2011 was
approximately 1,458 and 1,159, respectively (see Table A below). The Office for
National Statistics (ONS) census data for 2011 shows that Muslims now constitute
about 1.5 per cent of the total Eastbourne population and 1.3 per cent of the total
Hastings population—and nearly 0.8 per cent of all people in East Sussex. The
total Muslim resident population of East Sussex is about 10,296.11 (This data is
from respondents who self-categorised their ‘religious identity’ as being ‘Muslim’.
Furthermore, it should not be assumed that every ‘Muslim’ regularly visits a
mosque.)
Interestingly, the ‘no-religion’ group is much larger than the total Muslim resident
population of the county. In 2011 the number of people in East Sussex who ticked
the ‘no-religion’ box in the census was nearly 155,723 (from a total population of
approximately 526,671). The fastest-growing group in both Brighton city and
Hastings and St. Leonards are individuals who ticked the ‘no-religion’ box in the
census,12 for instance,
Hastings had the lowest proportion of residents identifying themselves as Christian of

the districts in the county (51.9%), and the highest proportion identifying themselves
as 'No religion' (36.6%).13
http://www.eastsussexinfigures.org.uk (accessed 25 April 2013); the figures are available at East Sussex in
Figures, ‘Religion in 2011’, East Sussex County Council, 2012. Available at
http://www.eastsussexinfigures.org.uk/webview/index.jsp?study=http%3A%2F%2Fesfigures01s.escc.gov.uk%
3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2F821&mode=cube&v=2&cube=http%3A%2F%2Fesfigures01s.escc.gov.uk%3A80%2F
obj%2FfCube%2F821_C1&top=yes (accessed 25 April 2013).
11
‘KS209EW 2011 Religion, local authorities in England and Wales’, Office for National Statistics, 2012.
Available at
http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/search/index.html?pageSize=50&sortBy=none&sortDirection=none&newquery=K
S209EW (accessed 26 Dec 2012).
12
‘KS209EW 2011 Religion, local authorities in England and Wales’, Office for National Statistics, 2012.
Available at
http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/search/index.html?pageSize=50&sortBy=none&sortDirection=none&newquery=K
S209EW (accessed 26 Dec 2012); see also Staff reporter, ‘Religion, Race and Mortgages’, The Guardian, 12 Dec
2012, pp. 28-9.
13 ‘2011 Census Equalities Information: Religion’, WWW.hastings.gov.uk. Available
at:http://www.hastings.gov.uk/decisions_democracy/transparency/equalities/census_2011/
(accessed 12 Dec 2015), p. 5.
6
Table A: Muslim Population of East Sussex by District Council, 2011.
District council Muslim population: 2011 ONS census
Brighton and Hove 6,095
Eastbourne 1,458
Hastings 1,159
Lewes 558
Rother 460
Wealden 566
10,296 (Total)
Source: Adapted from data from the Office for National Statistics licensed under the Open
Government Licence v.2.0. 2011 Census: ‘Religion, local authorities in England and Wales’
(KS209EW).
The Mosque
Architecture
Hastings mosque is a converted building (a former school) situated in a
conservation area, not a purpose-built mosque. As a result, it has no symbolic
Islamic or ethnic architectural features, such as a minaret (slender tower/turret
for the call to prayer) that would demarcate it as a site of Islamic collective prayer.
So, no five times daily call to prayer is heard outside of the mosque. However, two
signs fixed to the light-grey exterior walls of the mosque, written in English and
Arabic, read: ‘Hastings Mosque-Masjid Al-Haque’ and ‘East Sussex Islamic
Association-Hastings Mosque’. A Qur’anic verse, engraved on a plaque, is situated
above these two signs. It is fair to say that the views of locals, including the Burton
St Leonard’s Society, are accommodated and the building preserved.
In fact, due to the conservation status of the area, and because of the similar
appearance of all buildings in the street, it may be possible to pass 12 Mercatoria
Street without knowing it is a mosque—except when it is Friday midday
congregational prayer (Juma), and at times of Islamic life-cycle rituals, when
Muslims pass to and fro from the mosque. The front of the building has two
entrances, one for men and one for women, leading to two separate prayer areas.
The first-floor room (above the men’s prayer hall) is the designated space for
Muslim women to pray.
In terms of converted space, it is comparable with mosques in neighbouring
seaside resort towns; for instance, the single-storey Eastbourne Mosque (also
known as the Eastbourne Islamic Cultural Centre) in Ashford Square,
Eastbourne: a former warehouse/office and social club. And comparable too with
7
soon-to-be-opened Bexhill Mosque (Bexhill Islamic Centre and Community

Centre) in Clifford Road, Bexhill-on-Sea: a former two-storey family townhouse.
In fact, writing in 2015, there are ten mosques in East Sussex and all converted
buildings.14
Facilities and use of internal space, congregation size

The interior space of the Hastings Mosque exemplifies a British mid-Victorian
school built of brick, wood and large stone materials. In the Muslim tradition,
shoes are removed at the mosque entrance. All the floors, except for the ablution
room, are carpeted. The main prayer hall contains a mihrab (indicating the
direction of Mecca, for worshippers) and a minbar (pulpit) is for sermons (khutba).
The official capacity and prayer space at the Hastings Mosque reported on the
WWW.Hastingsmosque.org site -
Hastings mosque consists of multiple prayer rooms. We have the brothers’ prayer
rooms, the main prayer hall has a capacity of around 150 spaces and the overflow
section has a capacity of around 80 spaces. The sisters’ prayer room has a capacity for
around 70 spaces.15
On the ground floor, an ablution (wudu) area, tiled and clean, is available for male
worshippers to wash their hands, face, lower arms and head with clean water
before prayers. This act of purification (taharah) is an essential point in preparing
for Muslim worship, regardless of place. The ablution area for women is on the
ground floor.
In the mosque’s entrance lobby, a small library of Islamic books is available –
We have a wide range of books in various languages. Qurans in Arabic, English,

Bengali, Urdu and Spanish. Hadith books in Arabic, English, Bengali and Urdu. Books
on the life of the Prophet and close companions of him. 16
Food preparation, for instance, during Ramadan month and other festivities, is
undertaken in a small kitchen on the ground floor.
14
With this in mind, the Eastbourne Mosque – a resort town neighbouring Hastings – is due to be completely
rebuilt in 2016-2017, therefore, making it the first purpose built mosque in East Sussex.
15
Hastings Mosque Online, 2013. Available at http://www.hastingsmosque.org/building.html (accessed 9 Dec
2015). The WWW.Mosquedirectory.co.uk and WWW.MuslimsInBritain.org sites both say that the Hastings
Mosque has a capacity for 440 worshipers (for men and women): see Darr, Muslim Directory, p. 390; Muslims
in Britain.org, 2015. Available at http://mosques.muslimsinbritain.org/maps.php#/mosque/838 (accessed 9
Dec 2015).
16
Hastings Mosque Online, 2013. Available at http://www.hastingsmosque.org/building.html (accessed 9 Dec
2015).
8
Disability
A community survey by Hastings Council in December 2012 documented the
facilities and services at the Hastings Mosque, reporting that the mosque has
wheelchair access, an accessible toilet, no accessible parking spaces, and no
hearing loop. Indeed, there are no parking spaces available for worshippers;
however, public buses and trains are near-by.17
Sunday school
Each Sunday, during term time, the Hastings Mosque Madrasah (school)
organises classes for male and female children at the mosque. Here students learn
about the Qur’an, Islamic studies and the Arabic language. Hifz classes (to learn
the Qur’an by heart, in Arabic) take place on Thursdays at the mosque.18 All
students learn the values and norms of Islam; for instance, how to pray, how to
conduct oneself when visiting a mosque, how to undertake an ablution, and the
meaning of Islamic rituals like the Ramadan month-long fast and the two Eid-
holidays). Also, topics such as good citizenship, duties towards parents in Islam,
and responsibilities towards employer and society, are discussed. Educational
services, particularly those of an Islamic nature, are commonly found at small and
large mosques across the United Kingdom.
Diversity of congregation
My observations of worshippers at the Hastings Mosque show a range of
ethnicities: South-Asian, Arab, Turkish, Kurdish, African, white and black
British/European converts, and mixed heritage people. They come from various
backgrounds: British born, migrants and refugees, and international students;
and from a range of generations: first, second and third. About the diversity found
among Hastings Muslims and at their mosque, a report by Daniel Burdsey
(University of Brighton) says:
…a shared Islamic identity is important for the town’s Muslims, and the mosque is a
significant source of local organisation and sociability for its members. The mosque
does not have a dominant ethnicity amongst its worshippers and the Muslim
community includes people from a wide range of nationalities. 19
17
‘Appendix B, survey results, Hastings’, Hastings Borough Council, 2015. Available at
http://www.hastings.gov.uk/environment_planning/planning/localplan/evidence_base/community_survey/
(accessed 10 Dec 2015).
18
Hastings Mosque leaflet, ‘Hastings Mosque Madrasah’, Autumn 2015.
19 Daniel Burdsey, University of Brighton, ‘Briefing paper: the experiences of minority ethnic
communities in Hastings and St. Leonards’, Dec 2010. Available at

http://respondacademy.com/home/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Hastings-research-brief-
13.12.10..pdf (accessed 12 Dec 2015), p. 3.
9
Local burial
Muslim burial space is available at the Hastings Borough Council Cemetery, The
Ridge, Hastings, on the B2093 road. In 2012 the Hastings Muslim community
were allowed space for 70 graves. The first Muslim burials at this site date back
30 years or more to the early 1980s. A section of the upper cemetery overlooking
rural East Sussex has been set aside expressly for the Muslim burials.20
Relations with neighbours & town

In terms of relations with townspeople, the lived experience of Hastings’s Muslims
mirrors the situation found in other British towns and cities: general tolerance,
everyday interaction at work and social events and in public spheres—and small
acts of kindness between individuals and groups from different ethnic
backgrounds. However, counterbalancing workable intercultural relations is the
negative effect of poor education, misconceptions of the ‘other’, and lazy-thinking—
often manifesting itself in racist and Islamophobic name-calling in the street,
hostility, and more severe issues, such as physical assault, or worse.21 While not
downplaying domestic social problems – these are not the topic of this paper – it
may be the case that much depends upon our comprehension and response to social
change, how we deal with it, despite the challenges it presents us all.
Public outreach & civic engagement

Some Muslim men and women participate in the Hastings and District Interfaith
Forum,22 Cultural Voices,23 and other community projects. For instance, in 2010
and 2011, the Sussex Police, Hastings Mosque and the Hastings Intercultural
Organisation organised a multicultural children’s and adults’ six-a-side football
tournament.
The six-a-side tournament is now in its fifth year and since 2008 has been held in
memory of Mohammed al-Majed, the Qatari student who tragically died in Hastings
after being attacked in the street.24
20
Semi-structured interview with a retired Muslim man, and long-time resident of Hastings, 8 Saturday Dec
2012. Author’s personal archive.
21
For example, see Adam Rogers, ‘Mosque fire threat man sentenced’, Hastings and St. Leonards Observer, 19
July 2013. Available at
http://www.hastingsobserver.co.uk/news/local/mosque-fire-threat-man-sentenced-1-5299278 (accessed 14
Dec 2015); Staff reporter, ‘UKIP candidate sparks anger over remark’, Hastings and St. Leonards Observer, 2
May 2104. Available at http://www.hastingsobserver.co.uk/news/local/ukip-candidate-sparks-anger-over-
remark-1-6035107 (accessed 14 Dec 2015).
22
See http://www.hastingsinterfaith.org
23
See http://www.culturalvoices.co.uk
24
Staff reporter, ‘Multicultural football tournament at Summerfield’, Hastings and St. Leonards Observer,
Tuesday 11 October 2011. Available at http://www.hastingsobserver.co.uk/news/multicultural-football-
tournament-at-summerfield-1-3136055 (accessed 15 Dec 2015).
10
Also, the mosque is available as a venue for local intercultural meetings.25 With
this in mind, open days at the mosque foster interfaith dialogue and trust. In 2011,
approximately 300 people, Muslims and non-Muslims, attended an end of
Ramadan (Eid) barbeque held at the mosque.26
An independent women’s group, Kids and Muslim Mums (KAMM, established in
2002), teach children Arabic and Islamic studies and run a women’s circle. KAMM
organise social and educational events for children and women and participate in
Hastings Council events, for example, International Language Day, International
Women’s Day, Refugee Events, and Global Kitchen.27 One instance of outreach
was the talk given by a female Muslim about Eid-ul-Adha (‘festival of Sacrifice’:
the second annual Islamic holiday) through poetry, performance and writing at
the Women from Muslim and other Communities Workshop, held on 8 October
2014.28
25
‘Appendix B, survey results, Hastings’, Hastings Borough Council, 2015. Available at
http://www.hastings.gov.uk/environment_planning/planning/localplan/evidence_base/community_survey/
(accessed 10 Dec 2015).
26
Staff reporter, ‘End of Ramadan is marked with barbecue party’, Hastings and St. Leonards Observer,
Tuesday 20 September 2011. Available at http://www.hastingsobserver.co.uk/news/end-of-ramadan-is-
marked-with-barbecue-party-1-3064277 (accessed 14 Dec 2015).
27
Kids and Muslim Mums (KAMM), 2006. Available at http://www.kamm.org.uk/ (accessed 20 Dec 2015).
28
‘Museum Events and Activities’, Hastings Borough Council.gov.uk, 2013. Available at
http://hastings.moderngov.co.uk/Data/Museums%20Committee/20130916/Agenda/$Museum%20Events%20
and%20Activities%20(16%2009%2013).doc.pdf (accessed 12 Dec 2015).
11
The author’s gaze: sitting outside an Iranian owned café, enjoying the
winter sun and a ‘Turkish coffee’: Grand Parade, St. Leonards-on-Sea
(photographer S.H. Akyildiz, 8 January 2016).
By the same author
1) Hastings Mosque and Muslims in “1066 Country”:

Seaside Resort Town Muslims of Hastings & St. Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex, United
Kingdom (circa 1985 to 2015).
https://www.academia.edu/20257970/Hastings_Mosque_and_Muslims_in_1066_Country_East_Susse
x_Seaside_Resort_Muslims
Or
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316862077_Hastings_Mosque_and_Muslims_in_1066_Cou
ntry_Seaside_Resort_Town_Muslims_of_Hastings_St_Leonards-on-
Sea_East_Sussex_United_Kingdom_circa_1985_to_2015
2) Brighton: Muslim and Western Cultural Fusion in ‘London-on-sea’ (East Sussex).

https://www.academia.edu/32914527/Brighton_Muslim_and_Western_Cultural_Fusion_in_london-
on-sea_East_Sussex_
Or
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316776768_Brighton_Muslim_and_Western_cultural_fusio
n_in_'london-on-sea'_East_Sussex
3) The History of Eastbourne Mosque Community: East Sussex Muslims.

https://www.academia.edu/6797333/The_History_of_Eastbourne_Mosque_Community_-
_East_Sussex_Muslims
12
4) The Rediscovery of a Freshwater Spring beside the Sea: a Local Holy Well?
https://www.academia.edu/1030111/The_Rediscovery_of_a_Freshwater_Spring_beside_the_Sea_a_L
ocal_Holy_Well
5) Wannock Glen, Eastbourne: Nature, Chalk Stream, Wild Garlic, & Tea Dance Pavilion.
https://www.academia.edu/31105665/Wannock_Glen_Eastbourne_Nature_Chalk_Stream_Wild_Garli
c_and_Tea_Dance_Pavilion
Or
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316862253_Wannock_Glen_Eastbourne_Nature_Chalk_Str
eam_Wild_Garlic_and_Tea_Dance_Pavilion
6) Bexhill Mosque and Muslims.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322992900_Bexhill_Mosque_Muslims
Or
https://www.academia.edu/38221520/Bexhill_Mosque_and_Muslims
7) Bexhill, Sussex, England -- Seafront Architecture & Interculturality: Mixing British Secular
& Mughal Indian & Muslim North African Styles.
https://www.academia.edu/37269235/Bexhill_Sussex_England_--
_Seafront_Architecture_and_Interculturality_Mixing_British_Secular_and_Mughal_Indian_and_Mus
lim_North_African_Styles
Or
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327137575_Bexhill_Sussex_England_Seafront_Architectur
e_Interculturality_Mixing_British_Secular_Mughal_Indian_Muslim_North_African_Styles
8) Saracen Sussex: Sarsen Stones, Morris Dance and Tipteer Plays: Three English Folk
Customs with links to the Saracens, Moors, and Seljuk Turks.
https://www.academia.edu/43267092/Saracen_Sussex_Sarsen_Stones_Morris_Dance_and_Tipteer_Pl
ays_Three_English_folk_customs_with_links_to_the_Saracens_Moors_and_Seljuk_Turks
Or
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341945669_Saracen_Sussex_Sarsen_Stones_Morris_Dance
_Tipteer_Plays_Three_English_folk_customs_with_links_to_the_Saracens_Moors_Seljuk_Turks

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© Sevket Akyildiz, The Eurasia Studies Society of Great Britain & Europe Journal: An Open Access

Working Paper,Vol. 5. No. 1. January 2016

HASTINGS MOSQUE AND

Photograph 2: Grand Parade, St. Leonards Seafront in Winter, Hastings

Photograph 3: Stanhope Place Approach to Hastings Mosque, St.

Townscape and mosque

Statistical information: 2001 & 2011

Hastings had the lowest proportion of residents identifying themselves as Christian of

Table A: Muslim Population of East Sussex by District Council, 2011.

District council Muslim population: 2011 ONS census

Brighton and Hove 6,095

soon-to-be-opened Bexhill Mosque (Bexhill Islamic Centre and Community

Facilities and use of internal space, congregation size

We have a wide range of books in various languages. Qurans in Arabic, English,

communities in Hastings and St. Leonards’, Dec 2010. Available at

Relations with neighbours & town

Public outreach & civic engagement

By the same author

1) Hastings Mosque and Muslims in “1066 Country”:

2) Brighton: Muslim and Western Cultural Fusion in ‘London-on-sea’ (East Sussex).

3) The History of Eastbourne Mosque Community: East Sussex Muslims.

6) Bexhill Mosque and Muslims.

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