Vitamin B1 = Thiamine Vitamin B2 = Riboflavin Vitamin B3 = Niacin Vitamin B5= Vitamin B6 Vitamin B7= Biotin Vitamin B9=Folic acid
n B5= Vitamin B6 Vitamin B7= Biotin Vitamin B9=Folic acid
Source widely found in foods but is abundant in present in many foods, especially
relatively few, including pork, grains, and milk, liver, eggs, and green
seeds with intact bran vegetables, and is also synthesized
by the intestinal flora
Type thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) also known as Riboflavin (B2) Two Coenzyme forms
thiamine diphosphate (TDP) Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
Biological - thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)
𝑀𝑔
Thiamine → thiamine diphosphate (TDP)
active FAD and FMN
one
Function  functions as a cofactor in the Metabolism of carbohydrates,
decarboxylation of keto acids and plays a role proteins and fats (oxidation
phosphate pathway (pentose, NADPH) reduction reactions) and E
 Needed for normal functioning of nervous production.
system (Structure component of nerve has antioxidant activity because
 essentially serving to generate accessible the coenzyme FAD is required
energy for the enzyme glutathione
 Necessary for appetite and good health reductase.
Other micronutrient pathways
that require riboflavin include
the conversion of vitamin B6 to
its active form, the synthesis of
the active form of folate, and
the catabolism of choline
Growth, repair, development of
body tissues - healthy skin, eyes
and tongue
The principal growth promoting
factor in the vitamin B complex
deficiency • Beri-beri - disease of nervous system (dry),  Occur in people with:
or cardiomyopathy (wet) 1-malabsorption disorders
• Thiamine deficiency often occurs in 2-thyroid disorders may have
alcoholism and manifests as the riboflavin deficiencies due to altered
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome riboflavin metabolism.
• Common in countries where polished rice 3-type 2 diabetes
is staple food  Alcohol as well as divalent metals
• nystagmus eye such as copper, zinc, iron, and
• Fatigue, depression, irritability manganese form chelates with
• Constipation, loss of appetite, riboflavin and prevent riboflavin
maldigestion absorption
System deficiency
Skin Seborrheic dermatitis
of face and scrotum
CNS Peripheral nerve
dysfunction Nervous
system
Eyes Visual impairment,
corneal
vascularization,
photophobia
Mouth Chellosis, angular
stomatitis, glossitis,
edema, and
hyperemia of oral and
pharyngeal mucosa,
sore throat
Other Normochromic
normocytic anaemia
Stability Destroyed by high temperatures and alkalis
Detection -measurement of erythrocyte
transketolase activity, with and without
the in vivo addition of TDP.
Done by: M. Abu Elfotouh
Vitamin B12=
 widely distributed in foods
such as milk, wheat germ, and
meat, and can be synthesized
in the body from tryptophan
 refers to both nicotinic acid
and nicotinamide(NAD,
NADP)
(NAD, NADP)
Electron transfer.
 Metabolism of
carbohydrates, proteins and
fats
 Needed for normal
functioning of nervous system
 Activate folate and DNA
repair
 In high dose can
Pharmacological doses of
niacin have been shown in
some studies to inhibit
adipocyte lipolysis as well as
VLDL LDLsynthesis, while HDL
cholesterol
antitubercular medication
isoniazid or mercaptopurine
are at risk for niacin deficiency
 pellagra a syndrome
comprised of dermatitis
(manifested as skin rash on
sun-exposed areas) , diarrhea
(with abdominal pain and
vomiting), and, when
advanced, dementia
 Fatigue, depression,
irritability
 Depression, Psychosis
System deficiency
Skin dermatitis, sun
sensitivity causing
pigmented rash
CNS Dementia,
Depression,
Psychosis,
externally
paralysis
Mouth glossitis,
Other diarrhea ,vomiting
Pantothenic (Pyridoxine) Vitamin H Cobalamin
Acid
 found in meats, dairy
products, shellfish, and eggs;
it is naturally absent in all
plant foods
Pyridoxin, pyridoxal,
pyridoxine
Pyridoxal biologically active forms,
(tetrahydro folic acid) methylcobalamin and
Coenzyme A phosphate (PLP) Enzyme bounded deoxyadenosylcobalamin
biotin
 essential for the  Protein metabolism,  Biotin is necessary for the  Transfer one carbon (Met,  Red blood cell formation
oxidation of fats and (transamination, genetic expression of more serin, metalionin, adrenaline,  Nervous system - maintains
carbohydrates (produce decarboxylation) than 2000 enzymes 5HT,) myelin sheath around nerves
energy from food)  Glycogen  it is involved in the  Red blood cell formation  Vitamin B12 deficiency due
 COA synthesis phosphorylase coenzyme synthesis of fatty acids and  Essential for synthesis of to lack of intrinsic factor:
 Protein acylation and  Involved in formation glucose (GLUCONEOGENISIS) DNA and RNA pernicious anemia
acetylation of haemoglobin, (carboxylase enzyme)  Development of brain,  Regulate homocysteine
 important for fat hormones and structural Strengthens skin and skin spinal cord, and skeleton in level in blood
metabolism proteins protective barrier ,hair ,nails foetus
 Important for  important in the  Assists in wight loss  Reduces risk of neural
cholesterol synthesis, metabolism of  Lower cholesterol tube defects e.g. spina bifida
steroids unsaturated fatty acids  May play role preventing
 Healthy development heart attacks, strokes and
of nervous system cancer (homocytine)
symptoms such as  May induced by INH  Deficiency due to  Fatigue in mild cases Patients with malabsorption
fatigue, insomnia,  anaemia (hypochromic consuming raw egg due to  Anaemia in severe cases syndromes, vegetarian and
depression, irritability, microcytic anemia avidin protein, alcoholism, (Megaloblastic anaemia vegan populations, and
vomiting, stomach pains, )depression, and seizures diabetes  Neural tube defects (In patients with low HCl
burning feet, and upper Infants may suffer  Signs of overt biotin pregnant) secretion are at risk for
respiratory infection convulsions if there is deficiency: hair loss vitamin B12 deficiency.
deficiency (alopecia) and a scaly red  Pernicious anaemia
dermatitis, Tiredness rash around the eyes, nose,  Nerve degeneration
and Fatigue, irritability mouth, and genital area.
 Premenstrual tension  Neurologic symptoms in
Neuropathy, glossitis adults have included
depression, lethargy,
hallucinations, numbness
and tingling of the
extremities, ataxia, and
seizures,
 elevate in cholesterol
Stable to acid and heat  Sensitive to high  Unaffected by acids but  Heat stable up to 100°C,
but sensitive to alkalis temperatures, oxygen, sensitive to light, heat and Affected by strong
milling and processing oxidation acids/alkalis, Affected by light