PH Alg 2 Worksheet Answers Entire Book

Algebra 2: All-In-One Answers (continued)
23. 186 24. 25 25. 0 26. -25

Chapter 1 27. a + (a - b) + c + b +(a - 2c)+ b + c + (a - b); 4a
Practice 1-1 Guided Problem Solving 1-2

1. -4.2 2. 4 3. 7 4. 1 5. 2 6. 1.8 7. 6 8. 0.01 9. 1. The number of eligible voters in millions in the United
6 3
10. = 11. 12. = 13. 14. 15. 16. States from 1960 to 2000 2. The number of years since 1960
17. integer, rational, real 18. whole, integer, rational, real 3. 28; about 180 million voters 4. 52, 60 5. about 242 million
19. irrational, real 20. rational, real 21. natural, whole, voters; about 263 million voters 6. -0.003y + 0.61
integer, rational, real 22. rational, real 23. irrational, real 7. -0.0078y2 + 1.265y + 65.27 8. 20; about 87 million voters
24. integer, rational, real 25. Comm. Prop. of Add. 9. Answers may vary. Sample: Answers are reasonable.
26. Identity Prop. of Add. 27. Assoc. Prop. of Add. Year Eligible Voters
28. Inv. Prop. of Mult. 29. Dist. Prop. 1988 180 million
30. Comm. Prop. of Mult. 31. Identity Prop. of Mult. 2012 242 million
32. Inv. Prop. of Mult. 33. Inv. Prop. of Add. 2020 263 million
34. Assoc. Prop. of Mult. 10a. about 198 million eligible voters 10b. about 100 million
All rights reserved.
35–38. 3 voters
2 1 0.5 2
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 Practice 1-3
1. h 5 3V2
39. 2 1 ; 2 2 40. -3; 1 41. 2 5 ; 9 42. 4; 2 1 pr
2 5 3 9 5 4
2. r 5 L L
2S
43. N: natural 44. H: rational; L: rational; n: natural
45. t: rational; n: natural 3. w 5 S 2 h
1h
Guided Problem Solving 1-1 4. x 5 9 g 2 3; no restrictions

4
1. An example that makes the statement false. 2. There may c(a 1 b)
5. x 5 b 2 a ; a 2 b
be many valid counterexamples for each statement.
3. Answers may vary. Sample: 4 is a whole number, but its 6. x = t 3 - 3; t 2 0 7. $20 and $35 8. 2.5 in., 6 in., 6.5 in.
reciprocal 1 is not a whole number. 4. Answers may vary. 9. 41, 42, 43 10. 0 11. 1 12. 6 13. -1 14. 2 74 15. 1
4
Sample: 7 is a natural number, but its opposite -7 is not a
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.
natural number. 5. Answers may vary. Sample: 0 is a whole 16. 19 17. 15 2

18. Mike’s bus: 35 mi/h; Adam’s bus: 55 mi/h
number, and since -0 = 0, the opposite of 0 is a whole 19. slower train: 50 mi/h; faster train: 100 mi/h
number. 6. Answers may vary. Sample: The integer -1 has 20. 81, 83, 85, and 87 21. length: 17 cm; width: 12 cm
-1 as its reciprocal, so -1 is an integer whose reciprocal is an
integer. 7. Answers may vary. Sample: !2 and - !2 are
irrational numbers, but their product -2 is a rational number. Guided Problem Solving 1-3
8. Answers may vary. They should be similar to counter- 1. $5000 2. $2000; $3000 3. 6%; 8% 4. P = 2000, r = 0.06,
examples in (3) - (7). 9a. Answers may vary. Sample: 2 and t = 1 5. $2120 6. P = 3000, r = 0.08, t = 1 7. $3240
5 are whole numbers but 2 - 5 = -3, which is not a whole 8. $360 9. $746.40 10. Answers may vary. Sample:
number. 9b. Answers may vary. Sample: 5 is an integer, but I = P(1 + r)t - P; Answers verify. 11. $26; $52.86
its opposite -5 is not a whole number. 9c. Answers may
vary. Sample: 3 is a whole number but 32 = 9, which is not an Practice 1-4
even number. 9d. Answers may vary. Sample: -1 is an 1. t -5
integer, but not a whole number. 9e. Answers may vary.
Sample: 4 is a whole number and !4 is 2, which is not an
654321 0 1 2 3 4
irrational number.
2. m 8
Practice 1-2
1. 7x 2. 14t - 5 3. -11a + b - 1 4. 2i + 7j 5. 12xy 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
6. 13x2 + 5x 7. 4m - 6 8. 1 a 1 1 b 9. 32 t2 1 2t
3 9 3. x -2
10. -a - 5 11. -8n - 16m 12. x2 - 2xy + y2
2
13a. 54 in.2 13b. 13.5 m2 14. $10.06 15. 85 16. 26 654321 0 1 2 3 4
17. -42 18. -1421 19. 10 20. 1 21. 32 22. 13
All-In-One Answers Algebra 2 75

4. a 2 72 16. x -1 or x 3
7
2 54321 0 1 2 3 4 5
654321 0 1 2 3 4 17. x -1 and x 2, or -1 x 2
5. x -8 54321 0 1 2 3 4 5
987654321 0 1 18. at least $4500

19. less than 35 ft
6. x 2 12 20. more than 15 years old
21. at least 1072 questionnaires
1
2 22. between 10.3 lb and 12.8 lb
23. at least 7.75 in. and at most 8.25 in.
54321 0 1 2 3 4 5 24. between 4 h and 4.8 h, or between 4 h and 4 h 48 min

7. x 12 Guided Problem Solving 1-4
1. between $700,000 and $750,000 2. $496,000
642 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 3. 700,000 x + 496,000 750,000
4. 204,000 x 254,000 5. between $204,000 and $254,000
6. $204,000 + $496,000 = $700,000; $254,000 + $496,000 =
8. x 3
8 $750,000 7. between 18 hr and 25 hr
3
8
Practice 1-5
54321 0 1 2 3 4 5 1. ∆h - 8.3« 2 2. ∆a« 2.5 3. ∆x - 27.5« 5.5
4. x -17 or x 7
9. x -16
17 7
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 20 10 0 10 20 30
10. -3 x 2

5. k -16 and k 22, or -16 k 22
54321 0 1 2 3 4 5 16 22
20 10 0 10 20 30
11. x 2 or x 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6. all real numbers

12. x -3 and x 6, or -3 x 6 54321 0 1 2 3 4 5
4321 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7. t -2 and t 12, or -2 t 12
13. x 1 or x 2 42 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
54321 0 1 2 3 4 5
8. x 2 2 or x 2
3
14. -3 x 5
2
3
4321 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
54321 0 1 2 3 4 5
15. -2 x -1
54321 0 1 2 3 4 5
76 Algebra 2 All-In-One Answers

9. b 2 32 and b 12 , or 2 23 b 12 7. Answers may vary.; The experimental probability is expect-

ed to be close to the theoretical probability
3 1 5 5 0.3125 < 0.31, or 31%
2 2 16
8. Answers may vary.; The experimental probability is
54321 0 1 2 3 4 5
expected to be close to the theoretical probability
1 5 0.015625 < 0.02, or 2%
64
10. w 2 2 or w 2 9. 144p < 0.09, or 9% 10. 32 1 5 0.03125 < 0.03, or 3%
3 5000
2
3
Guided Problem Solving 1-6
54321 0 1 2 3 4 5 1. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 2. Answers may vary. Sample: (3,2)
3. (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4),
(2,5), (2,6), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6), (4,1), (4,2), (4,3),
11. all real numbers (4,4), (4,5), (4,6), (5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6), (6,1), (6,2),
(6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6) 4. 36 5. 1 6. 1 7. 6 8. 1
36 6
54321 0 1 2 3 4 5 9. Answers may vary. Experimental probabilities should be
close to theoretical probabilities. 10a. (H,H,H), (H,H,T),
12. u -3 or u 3 (H,T,H), (T,H,H), (T,T,H), (T,H,T), (H,T,T), (T,T,T) 10b. 8
54321 0 1 2 3 4 5 10c. 1 10d. 3

8 8
13. -7, 7 14. no solution 15. 2 16. -27, 3 17. -21, 21 1A: Graphic Organizer
18. 2 11 , 1 19. no solution 20. 2 20 , 4 21. -3, 3 1. Tools of Algebra 2. Answers may vary. Sample: properties
5 7 of real numbers, solving equations, solving inequalities,
1
22. -4, 2 23. 2 24. no solution probability 3. Check students’ work.
25. ∆x - 4.2« 0.01; 4.19 x 4.21
26. ∆x - 3.5« 0.002; 3.498 x 3.502 1B: Reading Comprehension
27. ∆x - 10« 1 ; 9 11 x 10 1 1. temperature scales 2. degrees of temperature 3. 18 years
12 12 12 4. degree 5. 32° (the freezing point of pure water)
28. ∆T - 76« 11; 65 T 87 6. Fahrenheit used a mixture of salt and ice; Celsius used the
29. ∆w - 40« 0.25; 39.75 w 40.25 freezing point of pure water. 7. Answers may vary. Sample:
30. ∆d - 13.75« 11.25; 2.5 d 25 No. There were 96 degrees between 0° F and normal body
temperature. There are almost the same number of degrees
Guided Problem Solving 1-5 between the freezing and boiling points of water. Since the
1. Find a value for b that makes the equation true. difference between the high and low temperatures on the
2. distance 3. |4 - 8b| = -12 4. no 5. no solution Celsius scale is greater, Celsius degrees must be significantly
6. For any value of b, the left side of the equality is negative. greater than Fahrenheit degrees. 8. b
7. no solution
1C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
Practice 1-6 1. 5 multiplied by 9 or 5 times 9 2. 1, 2, 3 and the pattern
continues in the same way. 3. 12 divided by 0.4
1a. 1 , or 20% 1b. 2 , or 40% 1c. 3 , or 60% 4. the square root of 7 5. |–3| 6. x 8 or x 7. w = 29
5 5 5 8
1d. 4 , or 80% 2a. 8 < 0.42, or 42% 2b. 4 < 0.21, 8. x 9. "5 10. 2, 4, 6, . . .
5
5 19 19
or 21% 2c. 2 < 0.11, or 11% 2d. 7 < 0.37, or 37%
19 19 1D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
3a. 12 , or 50% 3b. 31 < 0.33, or 33% 3c. 61 < 0.17, or 17% 1. variable 2. term 3. coefficient 4. opposite 5. absolute
value 6. compound inequality 7. multiplicative inverse
3d. 56 < 0.83, or 83% 8. algebraic expression 9. experimental probability
4a. {$6, $11, $15, $21, $25, $30}; 6 outcomes
4b. 61 < 0.17, or 17% 4c. 0 4d. 13 < 0.33, or 33%
5. 13 < 0.54, or 54% 6. 70 47 < 0.67, or 67%
24

1E: Vocabulary Check 10. y ; domain: {0.5};

range: {-1, 0, 1, 3}
Opposite: The additive inverse of any number, a, is -a. 2
Reciprocal: The multiplicative inverse of any nonzero number,
x
a, is a1.
2 O 2
Absolute value of a real number: The distance from a real
number to zero on the number line. 2
Variable expression: An expression that contains one or more
variables.
Solution of an equation: A number that makes the equation 11. not a function 12. function 13. not a function
true. 14. ; not a function
1 2
1F: Vocabulary Review 2 3
1. multiplicative inverse 2. solution 3. algebraic expression 3 4
4. additive inverse 5. theoretical probability 6–8. Answers 5
may vary. Samples given. 6. The of a number is the

distance between that number and zero on a number line.
15. ; function
7. The additive inverse of a number is its . 1
8. The is the multiplicative inverse of a number. 0
0
1 1
Chapter 2 2 4
3 9
Practice 2-1
16. 1 17. 3 18. 2 19. 10
1. -8; 2 12 ; 17; 37 2. 1 2 ; 1 1 ; 0; 21 1 3. 7.8; 3.3; -7.2; -19.2 7 3
3 6 3
4. not a function 5. not a function 6. function
7. y ; domain: {1, 2, 3, 5};
10 1. The radius. 2. 10.5 cm 3. v(r) = 4/3pr3 4. 10.5 or 10.5 cm
range: e 22, 3 , 3 1 , 9 f 5. cm3 6. about 4849 cm3 7. 4849 = 43pr3; r 10.5
4 2
6 8. v(s) = s3; 1520.875 cm3

2 x Practice 2-2
O 2 4
1. 2 2. 5 3. 23 4. 2 21 5. 32 6. 2 7. 31 8. 2 72
5
9. y 2 1 5 2 13 (x 2 0) 10. y 2 3 5 2 2 ax 2 2 b
8. y ; domain: {-3, 0, 1}; 2 1 1
range: {-2, 4, 5}
6
11. y 1 2 5 2(x 1 3)
2 x 12. 13.
y y x
2 O 2 O 2 4
4
2
2
9. y ; domain: {-1, 2, 3}; 4
x
range: {2} O 2 4
2 6
x
2 O 2
14. y
2 2
x
2 O 2
2

15. 4x + y = 10 16. 2x - 5y = -17 17. y = -4 Guided Problem Solving 2-3

18. 3 ; (0, -3); (4, 0) 19. 0; (0, -2); none 1. 392 mi 2. 14 gallons 3. k = 28 4. y = 28x 5. 103.6 mi
4
6. 417.9 gallons 7. $0.056
mi 8a. y = 28x; 392 = 28 3 14
20. 4 ; (0, 7); a2 35 , 0b 21. undefined; none; (5, 0) 8b. 103.6 = 28x; x = 3.7 8c. y = 28 3 417.9; y ≈ 11,700
5 4
9a. y = 58x 9b. 145 mi 9c. 75 gallons
22. y = 2x + 5; 23. y 5 53 x 2 43 ;
y y Practice 2-4
2 2 1. y = 0.6x - 2.1 2. y = -2.04x + 7.548
x x
3. y = 1.2x + 200; $214.40 4. y = 58x; 464 words
5. y = 146x + 5000; 6460 subscribers
2 O 2 2 O 2
6. 10 ;
2 2 y
9
8
7
24. x = -3; 25. y = 1; 6

y y 5
4
2 2 3
x x 2
2 O 2 2 O 2 1 x
2 2 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
yes; using (3, 3.1) and (7, 5.2): y = 0.525x + 1.525
7. 10 ; no
y
9
Guided Problem Solving 2-2 8
1. a 32, 212 b , a223, 13 b 2. The slope of the line through the 7
6
5
points 3. slope = (x2 2 x1) 4. a223, 13 b
(y 2 y )
4
2 1
3
1 2 (21)
2
5. slope = 3 2 32 5 7. 2 5 8. 3
6. 2 13 13 1
23 2 2 x
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8. y ;
Practice 2-3 4
9
1. 2 32 ; 2 2 2. 6; 18 3. 9 ; 27 4. yes; 4 5. yes; -1.2 2
16 16 9
6. yes; -4 7. no 8. yes; 3 9. no 10. yes; 3 11. no x

5 2 O 2
12. no 13. yes; 3; y = 3x 14. yes; 21 ; y 5 12 x 15. no 2
16. y 5 13 x 17. y = -6x 18. y = -18x 19. y 5 3 x 4

7
yes; using (-1, -1.8) and (1, 1.9): y = 1.85x + 0.05
20. y 5 23 x 21. y 5 2 35 x 22. y 5 52 x 23. y = 55x
6 9. y ; no
6
24. 10
3
25. 2 16
3
26. 11 27. 5 28. y = 0.06x; 22 min 5
34
29. 46.08 in. 4
3
2
1 x
O 1 2 3

10a. y 11. y 12. y

20 6
x
18
4 2 O 2 4
16
14 2
12 2
10 4 x
8 x O 2 4 6
O 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
13. y 14. y
10b. using (9.4, 11.2) and (15.1, 19.1): y = 1.39x - 1.83 2
10c. about 15.5% 10d. yes 4
2 2 x
2 O
x 2
1. Equation 2. Yes
3. O 2 4

y 4
40
15. y 16. y
30 x
Fat (g)
4
4 2 O 2
20
2 2
10 x
4
x 2 O 2
O 200 300 400 500 600 700
Calories 17. 18.
y y
4. slope = 0.076 5. y = 0.076x - 10.04 6. about 15 g
7. Yes, it is a good fit. 8. about 606 Calories 4 2
x
2

Practice 2-5 2 O 2
x
1. E 2. C 3. A 4. F 5. B 6. D 2
7. 8. O 2 4 6
y y
4 4
19. y 20. y
2
2 2
2
x
x x
2 O 2 x
O 2 4 O 2 4
2 O 2
2
2
9. y 10. y 4
4
4
2 21. y
2 x
x
O 2 4
x 4 2 O
4 2 O 2
2
4

Guided Problem Solving 2-5 3. vertical; 4. combined;

1. Graph the two equations. 2. Compare the graphs. Look for y y
similarities and differences. 3a. y 2 3 5 P 12x 2 6 P x
2
2 O 2
3b. 2y 2 3 5 P 12x 1 6 P 4. 12x 2 6 5 y 2 3, x
2
2 O 2
1x 2 6 5 2(y 2 3)
2 2
4
5.–6. y
6 5. combined; 6. horizontal;
y y
2
O x
4 4
12 8 4 4 8 12
2
2 2
6 x x
O 2 4 O 2 4
1 x 1 6 5 –y – 3, 1x 1 6 5 y 1 3
2 2 7. y = ∆x + 2« + 1 8. y = ∆x - 4«
7. The graphs have the same size and shape. They have
different vertices, and one points up while the other points 9. y = -∆x - 1« + 3 10. y 5 2` x 2 12 ` 2 23
down. 8. Test points should result in true statements.
9. y 11. y = ∆x + 3« - 2 12. y 5 2u x u 1 3
5 5
4 13. y = ∆x« - 3 14. y = ∆x - 1«
3
2 15. y = ∆x + 2« + 1 16. y = -∆x« + 2
1 17. y = -∆x + 2« 18. y = -∆x - 1« - 2
x
1 ∆x - 2«
54321 1 2 3 4 5 19. y = 3∆x« - 4 20. y =
1 2
2 21. y = 2∆x + 3« - 1
3 22.
4 y
5
2
The graphs have the same size and shape. They have different x
vertices, and one points up while the other points down. 2 O 2
2
Practice 2-6
1. horizontal; 2. horizontal;
y y 23. y
4 4 2
x
2 2
2 O 2
x
x 2
4 2 O 4 2 O

24. y 17. y 18. y
2 2 2
x x x
2 O 2 2 O 2 2 O 2
2 2 2
19. y 20. y
1. A translation shifts a graph horizontally, vertically, or both. 2 2
2. years 3. x-axis 4. horizontal 5. left 6. horizontal x x
7. The graphs and answers agree. 8. Vertical; the graph is 2 O 2 2 O 2
shifted up
2 2

Practice 2-7
1. y x - 2 2. x - 2y 4 3. y - 2x 4 21. 22.
y y
4. y -2 5. x 2 6. -2x - 3y 6
7. 3x - y 3 8. y - 3x 3 2 2
9. y 10. y x x
2 2 2 O 2 2 O 2
x x 2 2
2 O 2 2 O 2
2 2 23. 24.
y y
2 2
11. y 12. y x
x
2 2 2 O 2 2 O 2

x x 2 2
2 O 2 2 O 2
2 2 25. 26.
y y
4 2
13. y 14. y x
2
2 2 2 O 2
x
x x 2
2 O 2
2 O 2 O
2 2 27. y 28. y
2 2
15. y 16. y x x
2
O 2 2 O 2
x x 2 2
2 O 2 2 O 2
2 2 29a. x + y 150, where x represents the number of tuna
sandwiches and y represents the number of ham sandwiches

29b. 200 2D: Visual Vocabulary Practice

y
1. Constant of variation 2. Slope 3. Scatter plot
150 4. Translation 5. Standard form of a linear equation
6. Absolute value function 7. Trend line 8. Slope-intercept
100 form 9. Point-slope form
50
2E: Vocabulary Check
x
Relation: A set of pairs of input and output values.
O 50 100 150 200 Domain: The set of all inputs, or x-coordinates, of the ordered
29c. Yes; the sum of 90 and 80 is more than 150. pairs of a relation.
30a. 150x + 200y 1800, where x represents the number of Range: The set of all outputs, or y-coordinates, of the ordered
$150 models and y represents the number of $200 models pairs of a relation.
30b. 16 Function: A relation in which each element of the domain is
y paired with exactly one element of the range.
x-intercept: The point at which a line crosses the x-axis (or the
12
x-coordinate of that point).

8
2F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle
4 1
D
2
R
3
x O E F
M L U
O 4 8 12 16 4 5
T R A N S L A T I O N
I T C
30c. at least four $150 models L
N O I T
6
P O L I N E A R
Guided Problem Solving 2-7 E N

7
O
R A N G E
1. dashed 2. to the right or above 3. x = -3
4. not part 5. > 6. x -3 7. 0 -3; Yes 8. x 2
2A: Graphic Organizer Chapter 3

1. Functions, Equations, and Graphs 2. Answers may vary.
Sample: linear equations, direct variation, absolute value

functions and graphs, two-variable inequalities Practice 3-1
3. Check students’ work. 1. Independent 2. Inconsistent 3. Dependent
4. Independent 5. Dependent 6. Independent
7. Independent 8. Inconsistent 9. Independent
2B: Reading Comprehension 10. Inconsistent 11. Independent 12. Dependent
1. graph paper, pencil, a ruler, and colored pencils or pens 13a. Income: y = 2000x - 500, where x = 1 represents May;
2. plot; make; classify 3. points plotted on the same graph as Expenses: y = -2600x + 24000, where x = 1 represents May
the line 4. three lists of points; one for above, one for on, 13b. October (the sixth month) 14. (6, 4) 15. (5, 2)
and one for below the line 5. a phrase that is one of the 16. (12, 1) 17. (2, 1) 18. (1, -2) 19. (2, 3) 20. (-4, 0)
3 choices: on the line, above the line, and below the line.
6. Step IV asks about the equation while Step III asks about 21. (-1, 3) 22. a 23 , 24b 23. (-8, -1) 24. (2, 2)
an inequality. 25. (5, 1)
2C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols Guided Problem Solving 3-1

1. The theoretical probability of 3 occurring is 1 in 6. 1. 6; 80 2. 4; 100 3. The number of flyers addressed after
2. the theoretical probability of not taking Spanish x minutes 4. y = 6x + 80 5. y = 4x + 100
3. a function f of x 4. f of 5, or the value of function f
when 5 is the value of the variable 5. The function A (or
Area) of s (or the side of a square) is equal to s2 (or the
z
length of the side squared). 6. x2 2 0 7. z : 7 or
7
8. P(red) 9. 10 4 5 x or 4 : 10 = x : 18 10. g(7)
18

6. Practice 3-3
y
140 1. 2.
y y
6 6
120 4 4
O x O x
100 642 4 6 6 2 2 4 6
2 2
80 4 4
6 6
60
3. y 4. y
40 8 8
6
20 4 4
O x 2O x
x
642 2 4 642 2 4 6

O 2 4 6 8 1012 2
4
7. (10, 140) 8. 10 minutes 9. Yes; y = 6(10) + 80 = 140
and y = 4(10) + 100 = 140
10. y = 3x + 5; y = 2x + 20; 5. y 6. y
After 15 minutes, the 6
y 4
80 numbers of newspapers is 2
70 the same at 50. x O x
60 42 4 8
2 O 2 2
50
40 2 4
30 6
20
10 x 7. y 8. y
5 10 15 20 6 6
4 4
Practice 3-2 O x 2O x

42 2 4 8 42 2 4 6 8
2 2
1. (6, 4) 2. (4, 1) 3. (5, 2) 4. (1, 2) 5. (4, 3) 6. a5, 2 1 b
5
7. (1, 1) 8. (2, -2) 9. (5, -2) 10. C = 525 + 150p; 6 6
I = 325p; three performances 11. (2, 3) 12. (4, 6)
13. (0, 3) 14. (-3, 5) 15. (4, 1) 16. (6, 3) 17. (2, -2) 9. 10. y
y
18. (3, 0) 19. (-4, -4) 20. 8r + 1g = 4.60,
6r + 3g = 4.80, where r represents number of oranges and 2 2
g represents number of grapefruits; oranges = $.50,
x x
grapefruits = $.60 21. (1, 4) 22. (-2, 3) 23. (0, 3)
2 O 2 O 2 4 6
24. (1, -2) 25. e (x, y): y 5 2 15 x 1 15 f 26. (-4, 5)
2
27. (-3, 2) 28. No solution 29. (2.25, 0)
11. y 12. y x
1. $40,000 plus $2800 per performance 2. $3675 2 2 O 2
3. y = 40,000 + 2800x 4. y = 3675x 2
x
5. 40,000 + 2800x = 3675x 6. x ≈ 45.7
7. 46 performances 8. Yes; y = 40,000 + 2800(46) = 168,800, 2 O 2
4
y = 3675(46) = 169,050 9. 612 trips 2
6

x1y$6 19. y 20. y

6 6
13a. µ
2x 1 5y # 20
, 4 4
x$0
y$0 O x O x
where x represents number of spiral notebooks and y 642 2 4 6 642 2 4 6
2
represents number of three-ring notebooks 4 4
13b. y 6 6
4
21. y 22. y
x
O 4 2 2
4 x x
6 4 2 O 2 O 2
Solutions correspond to points in shaded region with integer 2 2

coordinates.
x 1 y # 30
14a. • x $ 10 , 23. y
y$5
where x represents number of campers on the low trail and y 2
represents number of campers on the high trail x
14b. y 4 2 O
40 2
20

O 20 40 x
1. 7, 8, 9, 10 2. more (or greater) 3. j 0; s 0; s j;
j + s 7; j + s 10
Solutions correspond to points in shaded region with integer 4. s
coordinates.
15. y 16. y
6
4
O x x 5
642 4 6 4 O 4
2
3
4
6
1
17. y 18. y O 1 3 5 j
6
4 5. (1, 6), (1, 7), (1, 8), (1, 9), (2, 5), (2, 6), (2, 7), (2, 8), (3, 4),
(3, 5), (3, 6), (3, 7), (4, 5), (4, 6) 6. Yes, substituting each
O x O x
combination listed in (8) into the inequalities of the system
642 2 4 6 642 2 4 6
2 results in a true statement.
4 7a. x 0; y 0; x + y 5; x + y 8; x y or y x
6 7b. y (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3),
8 (5, 0), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3),
7 (6, 0), (6, 1), (6, 2), (7, 0),
6 (7, 1), (8, 0)
5
4
3
2
1 x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Practice 3-4 6. y ; (0, 0)

7
1. y ; (2, 1)
7 6 (0, 5)
6 5
4 (1, 4)
5
4 3
2
2 (2, 2) 1 O (2, 0) x
(4, 1)
O (2, 1) x 1 3 4 5 6 7
1 3 4 5 6 7. (0, 10); 30 8. (4, 0); 4 9. (8, 8); 32 10a. Four loaves of
Irish soda bread and two Kugelhopf cakes 10b. $14
2. y ; (0, 4)
11a. 10 qt regular, 4 qt extra-rich 11b. $132
7
6
5 (0, 4) Guided Problem Solving 3-4

1. corn muffins: 4 c; bran muffins: 2 c; baker has 16 c
3 (2, 3) 2. corn muffins: 3 c; bran muffins: 3 c; baker has 15 c
2 3. P = 3c + 2b
1 O 4. c 0, b 0, 4c + 2b 16 (milk), 3c + 3b 15 (flour)
(5, 0) 5. y
1 2 3 4 5 x b
3. y ; (5, 0)
7
(0, 6) (0,5)
6
5
(3,2)
4
3
(4, 2)
2
(0,0) (4,0) c
1 O (5, 0)x
(0, 0), (0, 5), (4, 0), (3, 2) 6. At (0, 0), P = 0; At (0, 5),
1 2 3 4 6 7 P = 10; At (4, 0), P = 12, At (3, 2), P = 13 maximized at (3, 2)

4. ; (2, 0) 7. 3 trays of cranberry muffins and 2 trays of bran muffins
y 8. Yes, other points in the feasible region result in P 13.
7
6 9. 40 Q, 60 R
5
Practice 3-5
3 (0, 2) 1. From the origin, move forward three units. 2. From the
6 ,6
( )
1 O 5 5(2, 0)
origin, move right two units. 3. From the origin, move for-
ward three units, left two units, and down 4 units. 4. From the
x
origin, move back six units, left four units, and down one unit.
1 2 3 5 6 7 5. From the origin, move up four units. 6. From the origin,
5. y ; (1, 0) move forward one unit, right two units, and up three units.
7. From the origin, move forward three units, left one unit,
3 and up six units. 8. From the origin, move right four units,
and down one unit.
2
(0, 1)
2 ,2
( )
3 3
O (1, 0) x
1 2 3

9. z 13. z
5 5
5 5
5 5 y 5 5 y
5 5
x x
5 5
10. z 14. z
5 5
5 5
5 5 y 5 5 y
5 5
x x
5 5
11. z 15. z
5 5
5 5
5 5 y 5 5 y
5 5
x
x
5 5
12. z 16. z
5 5
5 5
5 5 y 5 5 y
5
x x
5 5

17. (0, 0, 0) 18. (0, 0, 1) 19. (0, 2, 0) 20. (3, 0, 0) 28. z

21. (0, 4, -2) 22. (0, -2, 3) 23. (-5, 0, 3) 24. (1, -1, -3)
5
25. z
5 5
5
5 5 y
5 5 y 5
x
x 5
5 29. z
5

26.
5
z
5 5 y
5 5
x
5 5 y 5
5 30. z
x
5
5
5

27. z
5
5 5 y
5 5
x
5 5 y 5
5
x 31.
z
5 10
10
10 10 y
10
x
10

32. z 36. x + 2y = 6, x + 3z = 6, 2y + 3z = 6;
5 z
5
5
5
5 5 y
5 5 y
5
x 5
x
5 5
33. z
37. x + 3y = 6, x + 2z = 6, 3y + 2z = 6;
5
z
5 5
5
5 y
5 5 5 y
x
5
5 x
34. z 5
38. 2x + 3y = 6, 2x + z = 6, 3y + z = 6;
3 4
z
5
6 y
5
6
x 5 5 y
5
35. x + y = 3, x + z = 3, y + z = 3;
x
z
5 5
5
5 5 y
5
x
5

39. -4x + 2y = 8, -4x - 4z = 8, 2y - 4z = 8; 42. 7x - 3y = 21, 7x + 7z = 21, -3y + 7z = 21;

z z
5 5
5 5
5 y 5 y
5 5
5 5
x x
5 5
40. 4x - 2y = 12, 4x + 6z = 12, -2y + 6z = 12; 43. 4x - 3y = -12, 4x + 6z = -12, -3y + 6z = -12;

z z
5 5
5 5
5 5 y 5 5 y
5 5
x x
5
41. 6x - 3y = 6, 6x + z = 6, -3y + z = 6;

1. y and z 2. x and z 3. x and y 4. x-intercept: (6, 0, 0);
y-intercept: (0, 6, 0); z-intercept: (0, 0, -3) 5. x + y = 6
z
6. x - 2z = 6 7. y - 2z = 6
8. z
5
5 6y
6
3
x
5 5 y 9. The results are the same.
5 10. z xy-trace: 4x + 9y = -36;
xz-trace: 4x - 9z = -36;
x
yz-trace: 9y - 9z = -36
5

Practice 3-6 3E: Vocabulary Check

1. No unique solution 2. (4, 0, -1) 3. (3, 3, 3) Linear system: This is a set of two or more linear equations
4. No solution 5. (-1, 1, -1) 6. (4, 1, 3) 7. (5, -1, -2) that use the same variables.
8. (-3, -2, -1) 9. (2, -2, 2) 10. (2, -1, -3) Dependent system: This is a system that does not have a
11. (-2, 0, 5) 12. (4, -1, -2) 13. (1, 1, 2) 14. (3, 1, -6) unique solution.
15. a21, 4, 1 b 16. a 2 , 2 1 , 1 1 b 17. (-2, -1, -2)
Linear programming: A technique that identifies the
2 3 2 2 minimum or maximum value of some quantity. This quantity is
18. (-1, -3, -4) 19. (0, 5, 0) 20. (8, -1, -2) 21. (1, 2, 3) modeled with an objective function. Limits on the variables in
22. (2, -3, -2) 23. No unique solution 24. (1, 1, 1) the objective function are constraints, written as linear
inequalities.
x 1 y 1 z 5 22
Objective function: In linear programming, this is a model
25. µ
3x 1 2y 1 z 5 9 of the quantity that you want to make as larger or as small as
,
1 possible.
y 2 z 5 10
2 Trace: This is a set of ordered pairs that results from
where x represents the first number, y represents the second substituting 0 for one of the variables in the equation of a
number, and z represents the third number; 3, 5, -10 plane.
x 1 5y 1 10z 5 96
26. • x 1 1 5 y 1 z , 3F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle
x 1 y 1 z 5 23 1. consistent 2. dependent 3. equivalent 4. inconsistent
where x represents the number of $1 bills, y represents the 5. independent 6. three
number of $5 bills, and z represents the number of $10 bills;
E E O E I H I P A D I I
Eleven $1 bills, seven $5 bills, five $10 bills
T D R E R S Q E N N N E
D N D R D E D I D C E Q
Guided Problem Solving 3-6 E E E H N P N E O N L U
1. weight of tail, weight of head, and weight of body P P R T F I P N P O B I
2. 9 lb 3. t = 9 4. h = t + 12b 5. b = h + t E E E C S E S A A Q I V
N P D E N I O D L E S A
6. (h, b, t) = (27, 36, 9) 7. 72 lb (27 + 36 + 9) 8. Yes, the
D P T D S H S O N D A L
three weights satisfy each of the statements in the original
E E E T R A E N I L E E
problem. 9. 11 hours (mathematics 1 hr, history report 4 hr,
N N E H T R E D O R F N
speech 6 hr)
T N C Q E S N H E C P T
T S T N I A R T S N O C
3A: Graphic Organizer
1. Linear Systems 2. Answers may vary. Sample: graphing
systems of equations, solving systems algebraically, systems of Chapter 4
inequalities, graphs in three dimensions 3. Check students’ work.
Practice 4-1
3B: Reading Comprehension 1. 3 1; -3 2. 3 4; 5 3. 2 3; 12 4. 3 3; q
1. alphabetical order 2. where to find the word in the text 5. 3 2; 4 6. 1 4; -4
3. It repeats the word being defined. 4. an example of what is
7. c d
17.6 8.3 5.4 8.7 4.0 6.6 3.5
being defined 5. See if it is defined in the glossary. If not, 9.5 5.1 4.5 6.4 2.6 5.1 2.7
look it up in a dictionary. 6. a 8. 2 7 9. 9.5; percent unemployment in construction in
June, 1996 10. 6.6; percent unemployment in services in
3C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols June, 1992 11. Answers may vary.
1. The most commonly used letter is f, but accept all 3900 3300
reasonable responses. 2. The most commonly used letters Sample: M 5 £ 400 150 § 12. 3 2
are x and y, but accept all reasonable responses. 3. m 4. w 100 50
5. l 6. the measure of angle A, usually in degrees 7. P(7) 13. number of days lost to strikes per 1,000 employees in
Greece in the given years 14. number of days lost to strikes
3D: Visual Vocabulary Practice/High-Use per 1,000 employees in the United States from 1990 to 1994
Academic Words
1. Define 2. Evaluate 3. Approximate 4. Interpret
5. Model 6. Set 7. Compare 8. Property 9. Test

Guided Problem Solving 4-1 Guided Problem Solving 4-2

1. table 2. matrix 3. weeks 1. 2, 3 2. 2
4. Estimates may vary. Sample: Plastic Rubber
Types of CD Wk 1 Wk2 Wk3 Wk4 3. Plant 1: 1– color 500 700 ;
B R
Rock 165 150 200 180 3– color 1300 1900
R&B 100 94 110 98
Rap 96 90 110 100 Plastic Rubber
Classical 98 97 97 102 Plant 2: 1– color 400 1200
B R
3– color 600 1600
5. Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4
Rock 165 150 200 180 Plastic Rubber
4. Plant 1: 1– color 1000 1400 ;
R&B 100 94 110 98 B R
D T 3– color 2600 3800
Rap 96 90 110 100
Classical 98 97 97 102 Plastic Rubber
6. Columns represent the weeks in August and rows are the Plant 2: 1– color 1200 3600

type of CDs sold. B R
3– color 1800 4800
7. The new bar graph should be the same as the one given.
5. c d
8a. Flavor 2200 22200
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
Vanilla 50 75 25 800 21000
Chocolate 175 125 150 6. Plant 1; 800
Strawberry 25 50 25 7. Plant 2; 2200
8. The answers check.
8b. Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Big Small
Vanilla 50 75 25 9a. Carrier A: Envelopes 120 270 ;
B R
Chocolate C175 125 150S Boxes 60 108
Strawberry 25 50 25
Big Small
Columns represent the days of Labor Day Weekend and
Carrier B: Envelopes 160 300
rows are the flavors of ice cream. B R
Boxes 25 100
9b. c d ; B; A
240 230
Practice 4-2

35 8
1. a = 5; b 5 2 7 ; c = 12; d = 7 2. c 5 5 ; y = -7;
2 3
x = 4; z 5 7 ; a = -3; b = 0 3. x = 3; z = -2 Practice 4-3
1. product undefined 2. c d 3. c d
2 6 22 4 1
37 56 23 58 6 0 23 7
4. M 5 ≥ ¥;F 5 ≥ ¥ 4. difference undefined 5. c d 6. c d

0 76 93 82 4 21 1 21
87 102 0 34 3 1 3 22
6 27 18 29 0 2
14 22 7. product undefined 8. £ 22 1 § 9. product undefined
5. M 2 F 5 ≥ ¥ 6. c d
293 26 22 3 21 0
10. c d 11. c d
87 68 2 0 16 3 23 21
212 22 20 2 22 4
12. product undefined 13. c d 14. c d

8 25 26 22 2 27 7 3 2 0
7. £ 3 28 12 § 8. £ 26 5 § 9. £ 24 § 0 2 0 2
4 212 218 24 22 23 0 0.4
8 11 227 101 22 15. product undefined 16. £ 20.4 0.2 §
10. £ 13 14 § 11. £ 219 93 21 § 12. c d
21 24
20.2 0
0 4
4 11 28 21 20 3 23 21
4 4 4
17. ≥ ¥ 18. c d
0.5 20.5 22.5
13. c d 14. not equal; dimensions are different
0 24 3
24 22 5 1 21 2.5 22.5 25.5
1
2 2
15. equal; dimensions and corresponding elements are equal

19. product undefined 20. product undefined 12. y 13. y

1 2 3 4
21. 3 3 4; £ 2 4 6 8 § 22. 2 3 2; c d
71 34 6 4
49 56 x x
3 6 9 12
6 O 6 4 O 4
72 24
6
23. 2 3 2; c d 24. £ 60 72 §
4 5 4
5 4
0 212
213 19 28 11 10 14. y 15. y
25. £ 224 42 214 § 26. c d 27. £ 11 10 §
21 1 1
26 5 5 4 4
25 8 23 11 10
x x
8 4 O 4 4 O 4
8 14 14 12 23
3
28. £ 16 8 8 10 § 29. c d 30. D
51 24 4 4
T
117 55 5 22
18 18 20 14
3
2 2 16. y
31. C 20 S
4 4
3
x
4 O 4
1. no 2. yes 3. [7 6 5] 4. 1 3 4
150 130 160
5. £ 125 130 175 § 6. 3 3 7. 1 3
17. 17 c d 5 c d
21 0 214 0 3 0 22 0
60 52 80
214 27 0 7 22 21 0 1
Thurs Fri Sat
18. c d 1 c d 5 c d
8. Revenue [2100 1950 2570] 9. The answers check. 2 0 22 0 0 0 2 0 22
0 22 0 22 22 22 22 24 22
Cost
19. c dc d 5 c d
0 21 2 0 22 0 2 0
10. Summer 1,270,000
B R 21 0 0 22 0 22 0 2
Winter 1,010,000

1. 5 2. 1 3. subtract 5 from each x-coordinate
1. c d 2. c d
44 44 233 5 5 22
4. add 1 to each y-coordinate
22 222 0 6 2 4
5. c d 6. c d
25 25 25 25 28 28 23 23
3. c d 4. c d
6 6 24.5 6 6 21
1 1 1 1 21 23 21 23
3 23 0 24 28 26
7. Yes, the graphs verify the answers.
5. c d 6. c d
2 22 0 2 22 0
4 4 23 24 24 3
7. c d 8. c d 9. c d
22 2 0 3 3 24 1 1 26
4 4 23 0 24 22 3 21 1
10. c d 11. c d
2 2 21.5 4 4 23
1 21 0 22 2 0
8. c d
7 2 8
26 28 0


1 1 1. No, the determinant is a number. 2. Any square matrix has
1 1 2 2 a determinant.
1. £ 1 § 2. ≥ ¥ 3. c d 4. c d
0 1 21 3
1 21 2 1 22 3. (a1b2c3 + a2b3c1 + a3b1c2) - (a1b3c2 + a2b1c3 + a3b2c1)
2 21 1
4. -30 5. Yes, the determinant is the same. 6. 52
2 2
1 21 Practice 4-7
6 6
5. c d 6. c d 7. ≥ ¥
23 4 25 7
1. (0.251, 0.3, 0.07) 2. (0.7, -0.3, -0.2) 3. (1, 5, -5)
1 21 3 24 1 1 4. (2, 1) 5. (2, 1, -9) 6. (3, 2) 7. (-5, 15, 21) 8. (-1, 0)
8 8 9. (0, 6, 2.8) 10. (-2, -1) 11. (-1, 7, -3) 12. (4, 2, -8)
8. No inverse; the determinant of the matrix is zero.
coefficient variable constant
2 3 22
13. c d c d c d
22 1 6 9 x 36
10 5
9. £ 3 § 10. ≥ ¥
=
4 13 y 2
21
2 5 23
14. c d c d c d
2 2 3 24 x 29
2 =

0 7 y 24
11. no inverse, cannot be solved 12. c d 13. c d
1
3
4 0 21 x 9
15. £ 12 0§ £y§ = £ 17 §
2
4
2
14. -1 15. -21 16. 14 17. -29 18. 9 19. 36
20. yes 21. yes 22. yes 1 21 12 z 3
16. e
x1 y 5 548,303
;
0.2553415x 1 0.1167209y 5 110,017
Guided Problem Solving 4-5 (331,975.0482, 216,327.9518); about 331,975 doctors
1. subtract c d from both sides of the equation 17. e

2 7 x1 y5 50
; (20, 30);
23 4 425x 1 550y 5 25,000
2. A-1 3. c dX 5 c d 4. 1
4 7 4 25 20 one-bedroom and 30 two-bedroom apartments
3 , 233 b 19. a8, 4 b 20. no unique solution
18. a 17
1 2 1 21
17 3
5. c d 6. c d
2 27 1 23
21 4 0 1
21. (4, –32) 22. det A = 10, has a unique solution
7. Yes, the equation is true. 23. det A = 0, no unique solution 24. det A = -5, has a

unique solution
8. c d
5 1
2 22
Practice 4-6 1. l = 2w 2. 840 ft
3. c dX 5 c d 4. 6
3 10 6 3 21 21 2 21 0
1. £ 21 25 23 § 2. £ 26 3 2§ 2 2 840
22 27 24 4 22 21 1 1
5. C 1 1S 6. c d
3 6 140
29 11 19
3. £ 1 21 22 § 4. no inverse
23 3 280
5 26 210 7. width = 140 ft, length = 280 ft 8. The answers check.

0.65 21.45 20.2 9. 6 yards; 14 yards
5. £ 20.8 1.4 0.4 § 6. no inverse
0.4 20.2 20.2 Practice 4-8
1. e 2. e
20.6 0 20.2 20.4 20.4 20.1 4x 2 2y 5 3 12x 1 6y 5 24
7. £ 0 20.5 0 § 8. £ 0.2 0.5 0.2 § 6x 1 11y 5 9 2x 5 2
22x 1 9y 2 2z 5 20
20.4 0 0.2 20.1 0.2 20.1
3. • 3x 2 y 1 2z 5 29 4. (2, -3) 5. (6, 2)
4 23
9. £ 25 § 10. £ 1 § 11. no inverse, cannot be solved
6x 1 5y 1 5z 5 24
6. (-3, 2) 7. (0.9, 0.08, 0.3) 8. (0.25, 0.75, 0.5) 9. (3, 1, -2)
3 22
10. c ` d 11. c ` d
12. 39 13. -47 14. -7 15. 9 16. 26 17. -42 23 4 28 1 3 230
18. no 19. yes 2 28 16 4 1 1

1 24 1 29 4F: Vocabulary Review

12. £ 3 2 23 † 9 § 13. (-6, -8, 14) 14. (9, -3, -6) 3 2 5
4 0 2 24 1. Answers may vary. Sample: £ 7 22 8 §
15. (7, 1, 0) 16. (2, 6, -4) 17. (-1, 7, 0.5) 18. (-4, 3, 9)
4 21 12
19. (5, 8, -2) 20. (1, 7, -9) 21. (-2, 3, 5)
2. Answers may vary, but must have 3 rows and 2 columns.
3. 9 4. Answers may vary.
Sample: c d 1 c d 5 c d
11 7 21 0 10 7
1. 5 erasers and 2 pencils 2. 7 erasers and 5 pencils 26 21 2 5 24 4
3. 5e + 2p = 0.23; 7e + 5p = 0.41 5. Answers may vary, but the two must be identical in every
4. ` ` 5 11 5. `
way. 6. Answers may vary and can be of any dimensions, but
` 5 0.33 6. ` ` 5 0.44
5 2 0.23 2 5 0.23
7 5 0.41 5 7 0.41 every element is zero.
7. e = 0.03, p = 0.04; one eraser is $0.03 and one pencil is
$0.04 8. Yes, the prices match. 9. adult: $8; child: $5.50 Chapter 5
4A: Graphic Organizer Practice 5-1
1. Matrices 2. Answers may vary. Sample: organizing data 1. ƒ(x) = x2 2. ƒ(x) = x2 + 4x + 8

into matrices, matrix multiplication, geometric transformations 3. ƒ(x) = -2x2 + 12 4. ƒ(x) = 2x2 - 1
with matrices, inverse matrices and systems 5. ƒ(x) = x2 + 6x + 9 6. ƒ(x) = x2 - 4x + 7
3. Check students’ work. 7. (0, 1); x = 0 8. (3, 0); x = 3 9. (-1, -2); x = -1
10. quadratic; quad: x2; lin: 2x; const: -8 11. quadratic;
4B: Reading Comprehension quad: 3x2; lin: 15x; const: none 12. linear; quad: none;
1. They are to be taken together as a system. 2. 4 inequalities lin: -25x; const: none 13. linear; quad: none; lin: 22x;
3. 6 elements 4. 2 rows 5. 3 columns 6. 2 by 3 or 2 3 3 const: -14 14. quadratic; quad: 3x2; lin: -4x; const: 8
7. -1 8. b 15. quadratic; quad: 3x2; lin: -6x; const: -7
16. quadratic; quad: 3x2; lin: none; const: -12 17. quadratic;
quad: 2x2; lin: x; const: -6 18. linear; quad: none; lin: 3x;
4C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols const: -5 19. P9(0, 4), Q9(3, 1) 20. P9(-2, -2),
1. exponent 2. base 3. amn 4. a3 5. "
4
b 6. "a 1 b
3 Q9(-5, -5) 21. P9(2, 2), Q9(-1, -1)
7. a2 + b2 22a. h = -16t2 + 272t 22b. 372 feet

4D: Visual Vocabulary Practice 1. 1974 2. (0, 10), (4, 15), (7, 18), (9, 20), (14, 25), (21, 32),
1. matrix 2. zero matrix 3. matrix addition 4. dilation (27, 34), (28, 37) 3. y = -0.0112x2 + 1.24x + 9.97
5. matrix multiplication 6. scalar multiplication 4. Answers may vary. Sample: Domain: whole numbers from
7. matrix element 8. matrix equation 9. rotation 0 to 50, Range: whole numbers from 0 to 44. 5. x = 18; year
1992 6. Answers may vary. Sample: The maximum value of the
4E: Vocabulary Check function is about (55, 44), so the first-class postage never reaches
Square matrix: A matrix with equal numbers of columns 50¢. The quadratic model is useful over a limited number of
and rows. years, but because it increases and then decreases, it does not
Determinant: A real number ad – bc of a 2 2 matrix model the data after 2021. 7. The quadratic model is useful
over a limited number of years, but because it increases and then
c d.
a b
c d decreases, it does not model the data after 2021. 8. The answers
are verified by the graph. 9a. y = -0.016x2 + 3.99x - 41.94
Coefficient matrix: When representing a system of
9b. Answers may vary. Sample: Domain: real numbers from 0 to
equations with a matrix equation, this is the matrix containing
100, Range: whole numbers from 0 to 200. 9c. 51 °F
the coefficients of the system.
9d. 118 °F; The sales may not follow this pattern when the
Variable matrix: When representing a system of equations
temperature gets so hot people do not leave their air-
with a matrix equation, this is the matrix containing the
conditioned homes.
variables of the system.
Constant matrix: When representing a system of equations
with a matrix equation, this is the matrix containing the
constants of the system.

Practice 5-2 6. y ; min. (0, -3)

2
1. y ; max. (1, 4)
6
(1 ,4) 2 O 2 x
4
2
(0, 3)
4
x
2 O 2 4
7. y ; min. a1, 2 9 b
2
2. y ; min. (-1, -5)
x
x 2 O 2 4
4 2 O 2
2
2

4
4
( 1 , 92 )
(1,5)
8. ; min. (1, -9)

; max. a 2 , 4 b
y
3. y 3 3 x
2
2 ( 2,4
3 3 ) O 2 4
x 4
2 O 2
8
2 (1, 9)
9. y ; min. (2, -16)

4. y ; min. (2, -3) x

O 2 4
2
8
x
O 2 4 16
(2, 16)
2
(2, 3)
10. y 11. y
6 1O x
5. y ; max. a2 1 , 5 b 5 3 1 1 3
2 4 4 1
4
2
2 3
( 12 , 54 ) 2
1
O x 4
x 321 1 2 3 5
4 2 O 2
2 12. 13.
y y
6 4
5 3
4 2
3 1 x
O
2 321 1 2 3
1 1
O x 2
321 1 2 3

14. y 15. y 29. y

4 6 4
3 4 2 O x
2
O x 64 4 6
1 2
O x 8 42 2 x0
1 1 2 4 5 4
1 4 6 (0, 6)
2 6 8
16. 1.2 s; 24 ft
17. p ; $6 Guided Problem Solving 5-2
2500
2000 1. 10 ft 2. 10 ft 3. (0, 10), (10, 0) 4. a = 2 1 , c = 10
10
1500 1 2
1000 5. y 5 2 x 1 10 6. Yes, the graph verifies the model.
10
500 O
7. y 5 2 1 x 2 1 40
250
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 c
18. $3.25 19. 81.125 ft; 156.25 ft 20. 20 fixtures per day Practice 5-3
21. 22. 1. y = x2 - 5 2. y = x2 + 2 3. y = (x - 2)2
1 Ox1 x
y y
6 (4, 4) 4. y = -2x2 + 4 5. y = 2(x - 3)2 + 2
2
4 6. y = -2(x + 3)2 + 5
1 2 4
1 O x 7. y 8. y
1O 10
2 2 4 6 8 10 x
3 8
1 1 2 3 4 5
4 (1, 4) 4 1 6 (6, 6)
5 6 x4 2 4 x6
3 2O x
(2, 3)
4 2
23. 24. 2 4 6 8 10
y y 5 2
x 3 3 4 x2
x 1
2 2 O x
1 O x 9. 10.
8642 2 4 y x1 y
2 4 4
x 1
5 3 1 1
1 4 3 3
2 (1, 7) 2
(3, 2) 3 8 1O x O x
21 3 4 4321 1 2
1 (1, 1) 1
25. x4 26. y
(1, 2)2
y 2
3 O 6
x x 3
3 3 6 9 12 15 3 x
3 11. 12.
129 3 O 6 y y
6 3 3 (1, 3)
9 6 2
12 9 1O x 6
15 (4, 16) (3, 13) 12 (2, 4) 4
21 1 3 4
1 x 2 2 O x
27. 28. x1 8642 2 4
x 1 y
4
y 2
10
(1, 8) (0, 3) x 0
6 2 13. y 14. y
4 1 O x x 1 3 x 6 8
2 O 2 6
x 321 1 2 3
1 1O 4
8642 2 4
2 2 4 2 x 2O x
(1, 1) 8 42 2
2 2
3 (6, 2) 4

15. y 16. y 28. (x + 4)(x + 1) 29. (x - 22)(x + 1)

2 x2 30. (x + 5)(x + 8) 31. (2x + 1)(x - 3)
1O x 4 32. (x + 11)(x - 1) 33. (x - 12)(x - 2)
3 34. (x + 2)(5x - 6) 35. (x + 1)(2x - 7)
5 3 1 1
1 2 36. (x + 5)(2x + 3) 37. (x - 3)(3x + 2)
2 1O (2, 0) x 38. (x + 3)(3x + 7) 39. (x + 8)(x - 3)
3
(3, 3) 4 1 1 2 3 4 5 40. (x + 36)(x - 2) 41. x(x - 11) 42. 3x(x + 7)
x 3 1
43. (x + 2)(x + 6) 44. (x - 6)(x - 4)
45. (x + 10)(x - 3) 46. (x - 14)(x + 12)
17. x 1 y 18. y 47. (x - 9)(x + 8) 48. (2x + 5)(2x - 5)
2O x 3 49. (x + 11)(x - 11) 50. (x + 16)(x + 1)
2 51. (5x - 1)(2x - 3) 52. (2x + 3)(2x + 3)
8642 2
2 O x 53. (2x - 5)(2x + 3) 54. (3x + 2)(3x - 2)
(1, 5) 21 1 2 3 4 55. (x + 10)(x - 4) 56. 2(x + 2)(x - 2)
1 57. (x + 11)(x + 7) 58. 2(x + 7)(x - 7)
8 2 (1, 2)
59. (x + 14)(x + 7) 60. (x + 6)(x + 14)
10 3 x1

61. (3x + 2)(3x + 8) 62. (2x + 3)(4x - 9)
63. (x - 9)(x + 6) 64. (x + 13)(x - 13)
19. y = (x + 2)2 - 4 20. y = 2(x + 2)2 - 5 65. (5x + 3)(5x - 3) 66. 7(x2 + 7) 67. 2(x - 7)(x + 2)
21. y = -2(x + 2)2 + 8 22. y = -(x - 2)2 + 8 68. (x + 6)(x + 2) 69. (x + 5)(x - 7)
2 70. (x + 9)(x - 7) 71. (5x + 1)(4x - 3)
23. y = (x - 2)2 - 8 24. y 5 ax 1 52 b 2 25
4 72. (2x - 1)(6x + 5) 73. (4x + 3)(x - 2)
2 74. (4x - 3)(2x + 7) 75. 3(x + 7)(x - 8)
25. y = 2(x - 0)2 - 6 26. y 5 23ax 1 16 b 2 12
95
2 Guided Problem Solving 5-4

27. y 5 ax 1 72 b 2 45
4
28. y = (x + 4)2 - 13 1. x + y 2. y 3. (x + y)2 4. y2 5. (x + y)2 - y2
2 6. x(x + 2y) 7. The expressions are correct. For example,
29. y 5 2ax 1 32 b 1 11
2
30. y = (x + 2)2 - 7 4(4 + 2 2) = 32 and 62- 22 = 32. 8. (x + y)2 - 4y2;
(x - y)(x + 3y)
31. (2, -4); 8 32. (-6, 5); -7 33. (1, -1); 1
34. (-4, -3); 23 35. (1, 2); 3 36. (2, 4); -8 37. (5, 1); 101 Practice 5-5
3

38. (-5, -3); -53 39. (-2, 5); -15 1. 20, -2 2. 0, 27 3. 0, 3 4. 7, -1 5. 7, -7 6. -1
7. 1, -1 8. 4, -1 9. -4, -5 10. -9, 216 11. 1, -11

1. price of a bagel in dollars 2. bakery’s daily profit in dollars 12. 0, 23 13. 2, 225 14. 1, 214 15. 1, 1 16. -1, 213
5
3. The domain is all nonnegative numbers. 4. x cannot be
negative because that would mean the bakery pays people to 17. 2, 22 18. 2 , 3 19. -1, 2 20. -2, 31 21. 4, 2
1 1 1 1
take the bagels. 5. $277.50; $210.00 6. (0.55, 300) 7. $.55

22. -6, -1 23. 0, -3 24. 21 , 5 25. 2, 31 26. 12 , 1
8. $300 9. The graph verifies the answers. 10a. The domain
is all nonnegative numbers. x cannot be negative because 27. 2, 232 28. 12, -12 29. 21 , 1 30. -1, 22 31. -1, 17
that would mean the theater pays people to see a movie. 5
1 34. -1, 21 35. -9, -1
32. 1, 2 33. 1, 11
10b. 140, 74.375 or about 74 10c. $6.50 10d. 150 7
36. 6.24, -2.24 37. 7, 1 38. 4, -4 39. -2, -4 40. 3, 1
Practice 5-4 41. -2, 232 42. 12 , 32 43. 221 , 235 44. 1, 21
4 4 9
1. (x + 2)2 2. (x - 5)(x - 2) 3. (x + 8)(x - 1)
4. x(x - 6) 5. (2x - 1)(x - 4) 6. (x + 7)(x - 5) 45. 212 , 21 46. -2, 241 47. 2, 23 48. -1, 254
7. (x + 5)(x + 1) 8. (x + 3)(x - 3) 9. (x - 16)(x + 3) 5
10. (x + 2)(x - 2) 11. x(4x + 1) 12. (x - 25)(x - 4) 1
49. -1, 219 50. -4, 212 51. -2, -1 52. -1, 11
13. (x - 3)(x + 2) 14. (3x + 1)(3x - 1) 15. x(3x - 2)
16. (x + 8)(x - 8) 17. (x + 5)(x - 5)
18. (x + 9)(x - 9) 19. (x + 6)(x - 6) 53. 12 , 212 54. 0, 2 55. 3 , 23 56. 21 , -6 57. 12 , 14
5 5
20. (x + 10)(x - 10) 21. (x + 1)(x - 1)
22. (2x + 1)(2x - 1) 23. 4(x + 3)(x - 3) 58. -11, -1 59. 2, 61 60. 11, -11 61. 3, 241 62. 212 , 214
24. (3x + 2)(3x - 2) 25. (x - 8)(x + 1) 63. -8, -1 64. -2, -6 65. 4, -10 66. 2, -2 67. 3, -2
26. (x + 9)(x + 4) 27. (x - 3)(x - 2)

68. 1.65, -3.65 69. 3.46, -3.46 70. 0.9, -2.23 18. y = -2(x - 1)2 + 5; (1, 5)
2
71. 3.87, -3.87 72. 9 , 2 9 73. -1, -4 74. -4, -9 75. 3, 2 19. y 5 ax 1 52 b 2 5; a252 , 25b
4 4
2
Guided Problem Solving 5-5 20. y 5 22ax 2 52 b 1 23 ; a 52 , 32 b
1. 24 ft by 16 ft 2. 384 ft2 3. 276 ft2 4. length: (2x + 24), 21. y = 6(x - 1)2 - 5; (1, -5)
width: (2x + 16) 5. (2x + 24)(2x + 16) - 384 = 276 22. y = -2(x - 2)2 - 1; (2, -1)
6. x = -23 or x = 3 7. 3 ft 8. Yes, the area of the border 2
is 276 ft2. 9. 5 ft 23. y 5 3ax 1 32 b 2 43 ; a232 , 234 b
"21
Practice 5-6 24. 26 4 4"2 25. 12 4 2
26. 22 4 "3
1. 2i, -4 + 2i, 12 - 14i 2. 1 + i, 1 + 3i, -7 + 7i "5 "3 i"14 "10
3. -2 - 3i 4. 4 - i 5. -2i 6. 1 + i 7. 6i 8. -5 + 2i 27. 12 4 2 28. 1 4 2 29. 4 4 30. 1 4 2
5 5
9. 2 - 3i 10. -4 11. 2 12. 13 13. "2 14. "5 15. 5
"23
16. "29 17. "13 18. "5 19. 3"2 20. 3 21. 2 31. 0, -11 32. 7, -2 33. 21 , -1 34. 232 4 2
22. "17 23. 3"5 24. "10 25. 4 26. 2"10
"106 "5
27. 2i"22 28. -6i 29. 2 30. 0 31. 4 - 5i 32. -5 - 3i 35. 22 4 2
36. 2 3 4 i"3 37. 241 4 4
2 2
"97 "37
33. 26 34. 21 + 27i 35. 18 - 46i 36. -7 + 24i
37. 13 38. 8 39. -9 + 7i 40. -1 + 6i 41. 4i"3 38. 1, -3 39. 27 4 2
40. 32 4 2 41. 1 4 i"2
42. 10i"3 43. 5i"3 44. 2 + 4i 45. 15 - 8i "17 3"5 "41
42. 232 4 2
43. 272 4 2 44. 238 4 8
46. 18 - 26i 47. 22 - 4i 48. 2 - 16i 49. 265
"65 "19
50. -2 + 8i 51. -5 + 16i 52. 169 53. 11 - 2i 45. 1 4 i"6 46. 54 4 4 47. 23 4 2 48. 0, 3
54. 10 - 10i 55. -144 - 130i 56. 2i"11 57. 23i"7 2
"11
58. 2i"2 59. -7 + 22i 60. 6 + 6i 61. 3 - 4i 49. 0, 8 50. 2 1 4 i"11 51. 212 4 2
4 4
i"15 "37
62. 7 + 6i 63. 7 64. 5 + 12i 65. 2 + 8i 66. -3 + 14i
52. 254 4 53. 256 4 6 54. 2, -1
67. 26 68. 44i"5 69. 410i 70. 42i"5 71. 42i"3 4
"145 "17 "13
72. 45i 73. 46i"2 74. 420i 75. 4 12 i 76. 4i"5 55. 67 4 6
56. 232 4 2 57. 272 4 2
77. 45i 78. 43i 79. 4i"10 "14

58. 0, 52 59. 0, -14 60. 21 4 2

61. 1, 254
Guided Problem Solving 5-6 "21 "17

62. 212 4 6
63. 4, -1 64. 21 4 2 65. -1, 34
1. Yes 2. a2 + b2 3. x2 +
3ix - 3ix - 9i2
or x2 - 9i2
5" 15 "13
4. x2 + 9 5. 25 6. ±5 7. Yes, - 5 and 5 check and are both 66. 2, -4 67. 3 1 68. 2 4 "5 69. 232 4 2
solutions. 8. x = ±7 3
"41 "53
70. 2 3 4 i"15 71. 232 4 2 72. 272 4 2
Practice 5-7 2 2
"29
1. 9 2. 49 3. 36 4. 94 5. 16 6. 64 7. 441 8. 1 73. 232 4 2
74. 3 4 "7
4 4
2
9. y = (x + 2) - 10; (-2, -10)
10. y = (x - 3)2 - 3; (3, -3) Guided Problem Solving 5-7
11. y = 4(x + 1)2 - 8; (-1, -8) 1. height in feet 2. horizontal distance from the base of the
2 left side of the arch in feet
12. y 5 4ax 1 12 b ; a212 , 0b 3. y
13. y = 2(x + 1)2 - 7; (-1, -7) 600
2
14. y 5 23 ax 1 32 b 1 31 ; a223 , 13 b
300
2
15. y 5 23ax 2 12 b 2 41 ; a 12 , 214 b
16. y = (x + 1)2; (-1, 0) x
17. y = -5(x - 1)2 + 6; (1, 6) O 300 500

4. (315, 630) 5. The domain is real numbers from 0 to 630 Guided Problem Solving 5-8
and the range is real numbers from 0 to 630. The distances
1. the year 1985 2. the amount of carbon monoxide released
and heights must be nonnegative real numbers. 6. 630 ft
2 (x 2 315) 2 1 630; Yes, in a year in millions of tons
7. 630 ft 8. vertex form: y 5 2315 3. y
the answers verify.
9a. 200
y
60
50 100
40
30
20 x
10 10 20 30 40 50
x
4. Wherever y = 0.0721x2 - 2.8867x + 117.061 is below
100 200
y = 100 is when less than 100 million tons were released.
vertex (100, 50)
5. 0.0721x2 - 2.8867x + 117.061 < 100 6. Subtract 100

9b. 50 ft 9c. 200 ft from each side. Then use the quadratic formula to solve.
7. Answers may vary. 8. The results are the same.
Practice 5-8 9a. Wherever y 5 22x2 1 100x 1 4000 is above y = 4500
is when profit was greater than $4500. 9b. Solve -2x2 + 100x
1. 200; 2 real 2. 60; 2 real 3. 576; 2 real 4. 0; 1 real
+ 4000 4500 by first subtracting 4500 from each side. Then
5. 9; 2 real 6. -7; 2 imaginary 7. -7; 2 imaginary use the quadratic formula to solve.
8. 61; 2 real 9. -31; 2 imaginary 10. 9; 2 real 11. 0; 1 real
12. -8; 2 imaginary 13. 225; 2 real 14. -44; 2 imaginary 5A: Graphic Organizer
23 4 i"31 1. Quadratic Equations and Functions 2. Answers may vary.
15. 0; 1 real 16. -3 17. 7, 8 18. 23 , 1 19. 4 Sample: properties of parabolas, transforming parabolas,
21 4 i"2
quadratic equations, completing the square 3. Check
20. 32 , 4 21. 254 , 1 22. -3, -5 23. 3 students’ work. Chapter: Quadratic Equations and Functions;
5
Modeling Data with Quadratic Functions: using quadratic
21 4 i"79 3 4 "17
24. 8
25. 6, -2 26. 2
27. 2, 12 functions to model data; Properties of Parabolas: identifying
properties of parabolas; Transforming Parabolas: translating
23 4 2i"3
28. 23 4 "13 29. 1 4 2i 30.
parabolas in the coordinate plane; Factoring Quadratic

3 Expressions: factoring quadratic expressions; Quadratic
23 4 "3 29 4 "133 Equations: working with quadratic equations; Complex
31. 2
32. -10, -8 33. 2
34. 4 4 3i Numbers: defining and understanding complex numbers;
5 4 i"119 22 4 i"11
Completing the Square: factoring quadratic expressions by
35. -4, 34 36. 6
37. 3
completing the square; The Quadratic Formula: using the
quadratic formula to solve quadratic equations
3 4 i"47 21 4 i"59
38. 4
39. 21 4 2i 40. 10
5
5B: Reading Comprehension
21 4 " 61 1 4 i"34
41. 10
42. 43. 1 4 i"2 1. factoring 2. ax2 + bx + c = 0 where a 2 0
5
3. because you need factors that have product ac and sum b
3 4 i" 183 5 4 i"71 4. (2x - 5) 5. Answers may vary. Sample: a(b + c) =
44. 4
45. 8
46. -5, -1 47. 4, 2
ab + ac 6. Answers may vary. Sample: If two quantities
48. 3 4 "3 49. No; When p = 4000, the discriminant is have a product of zero, then one of them must be zero.
negative, so there are no real solutions. 50. 3, -1 7. Answers may vary. Sample: The Zero-Product Property
6 4 "15 states that one quantity must be zero. This means that one
51. -1, -4 52. 4, -2 53. 7
; 1.41, 0.30 solution or the other gives zero. “And” would mean both
25 4 3"5 solutions satisfy the equation at the same time. 8. b.
54. ; 0.17, -1.17 55. -1, 21 56. 1 , 24
10 4 2 3
57. -3, 2 58. 16, -3 59. 0, 252
23 4 "21
60. ; 0.79, -3.79 61. 2 4 "3; 3.73, 0.27
2
1 4 2" 2
62. 3
; 1.28, -0.61 63. 7, -5 64. -5, -2

5C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols 5F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle

1. Answers may vary. Sample: (2, 3) means 2 units to 1 2 3
V E R T E X S
the right along the x-axis and then 3 units up along the y-axis.
R T
(3, 2) means 3 units to the right along the x-axis and then 4
2 units up along the y-axis. The x distance is always listed first. B I N O M I A L
5
y P N N
(2, 3) 6
F A C T O R D
2
(3, 2) R M A
x A I R
2 O 2 B A D
2 O L
L
A
2. Answers may vary. Sample: c d is a 2 3 3 matrix

1 2 3
4 5 6
with 2 rows and 3 columns.

1 2 Chapter 6
£ 3 4 § is a 3 3 2 matrix with 3 rows and 2 columns.
5 6 Practice 6-1
3. 12 4 3 means 12 divided by 3, which equals 4, while 3 4 12 1. y = -0.0439814815x3 + 0.6507936508x2 - 2.935185185x
means 3 divided by 12, which equals one-fourth. 4. 15 - 5 + 24.84126984; 21.098 2. y = 0.0130787037x3 -
means to subtract 5 from 15 to get 10, while 5 - 15 means 0.1743055556x2 + 0.7951058201x + 3.125396825; 4.6362
5 minus 15, which is -10. 5. No; by the Symmetric Property of 3. 5x + 2; linear binomial 4. -3; constant monomial
Equality, a = b means b = a. 5. 6x4 - 1; quartic binomial 6. 5s4 - 2s + 1; quartic
trinomial 7. 2m2; quadratic monomial 8. -4x3 + x2 + 3x;
5D: Visual Vocabulary Practice cubic trinomial 9. 2x2 - 1; quadratic binomial 10. -3m3
+ 5m2; cubic binomial 11. -7x2 + 5x; quadratic binomial
1. absolute value of a complex number 2. parabola
12. 3x3; cubic monomial 13. -x3 + 2; cubic binomial
3. difference of two squares 4. imaginary number
14. -x; linear monomial 15. a5 + a4 + a3; quintic trinomial
5. Quadratic Formula 6. vertex form of a quadratic function
16. x2 - 25; quadratic binomial 17. p2 - 5p + 6;
7. standard form of a quadratic equation 8. complex number
quadratic trinomial 18. 9c4; quartic monomial

plane 9. perfect square trinomial
19. b - 3; linear binomial 20. 12x - 6; linear binomial
5E: Vocabulary Check 21. s2 1 32 ; quadratic binomial 22. 21 x4 1 x 2 54 ; quartic

Quadratic function: A function that can be written in the trinomial 23. 21 z5 1 1; quintic binomial 24. 3x + 5 units
form f(x) 5 ax2 1 bx 1 c , where a 0. Its graph is a 3
parabola. 25. 0.0008797x3 + 0.2229900x2 - 3.1465532x + 29.0544437;
Axis of symmetry: The line that divides a parabola into two about $1203.18
parts that are mirror images. 26. 0.0000006x3 - 0.0005101x2 + 0.1270416x + 2.0612682;
Vertex of a parabola: The point at which the parabola about 12 yr
intersects the axis of symmetry.
Factoring: Rewriting an expression as the product of its Guided Problem Solving 6-1
factors. 1. h = 10 cm 2. They are the same. 3. pr2h
Greatest common factor (GCF) of an expression: The
common factor of each term of the expression that has the 4. V 5 10pr2 5. 34pr3 6. V 5 23pr3
greatest coefficient and the greatest exponent.
7. V 5 23pr3 1 10pr2 8. Answers may vary.
9. 12pr2 1 48r
Practice 6-2
1. 5, multiplicity 3 2. 0; 8, multiplicity 2 3. 2; -7, multiplicity
3 4. 0, multiplicity 2; 4, multiplicity 2 5. -3, 0, 3
6. 252 ; 3, multiplicity 2 7. y = 2x3 - x2 - 50x + 25

8. y = -2x3 + 15x2 - 22x - 15 19. x - 16 20. 2x + 11, R 48 21. x2 + 6x + 3, R 2

9. V = x3 + 54x2 + 936x + 5184 22. 3x2 - 7x + 7, R -8 23. (x + 1)(x - 3)(x + 5)
10. y = x3 - 6x2 + 5x + 12 24. (x - 2)(x + 3)(x - 4) 25. 2x2 - 2x - 1, R 16
11. y = x3 - 4x2 + 5x - 2 12. y = x4 - 2x3 - 15x2 26. x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 4, R 1 27. x3 + 2x2 - x, R 1
13. y = x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8 14. x3 - 2x2 + x 28. x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1 29. x3 + 2x2 + x + 2, R -6
15. x3 + 7x2 + 15x + 9 30. 3x2 - 3x + 3 31. width: x - 3; height: x - 5
16. 2x4 + 23x3 + 60x2 - 125x - 500
17. y = 2x(x + 2)(x + 3) Guided Problem Solving 6-3
18. y = x2(x + 2)(x - 3) 19. y = -3x(x - 3)2 1. x + 3 2. 3x3 1 10x2 2 x 2 12 3. 0 4. -3
20. -1, 1, 3;
5. 23k 3 10 21 212 6. 0 7. yes
y
29 23 12
2 3 1 24 0
(1, 0) (1, 0) x
8. (x + 3)(3x2 + x - 4) + 0 = 3x3 + 10x2 - x - 12
2 O 2 (3, 0) 9. 3(-3)3 + 10(-3)2 - (-3) - 12 = 0 10. no
2

Practice 6-4
23 4 3i"3
21. -2, 3; 1. (2x - 3)(4x2 + 6x + 9); 23 , 4
2. (x + 4)(x2 - 4x + 16); -4, 2 4 2i"3
(2, 0) y (3, 0) x
2
3 4 3i"3
O 2
2 3. 2(x + 3)(x2 - 3x + 9); -3, 2
25 4 5i"3
4 4. 2(x - 5)(x2 + 5x + 25); 5, 2
6 5. 4(x - 2)(x2 + 2x + 4); 2, 21 4 i"3

1 4 i"3
6. (3x + 1)(9x2 - 3x + 1); 213 , 6
22. -5, 0, 2;
21 4 i"3
y 7. (4x - 1)(16x2 + 4x + 1); 41 , 8
23 4 3i"3

20
8. (x - 3)(x2 + 3x + 9); 3, 2
10 9. (x + 1)(x - 1)(x + 2)(x - 2); -2, -1, 1, 2
(5, 0) (0, 0) (2, 0) 10. (x + 1)(x - 1)(x2 - 11); -1, 1, 2"11, "11
11. (x2 - 2)(x2 - 8); 2"2, "2, 2"8, "8
4 O 4 x
12. (x + 2)2(x - 2)2; -2, 2

23. rel. max.: 4.06; rel. min.: -8.21; zeros: 0, 2, 5 13. (x2 - 7)(x2 - 2); 2"7, "7, 2"2, "2
24. rel. max.: 16.9; rel. min.: -5.05; zeros: -3, 1, 3 14. (x2 + 4)(x2 + 9); -2i, 2i, -3i, 3i
25. x(x + 2)(x - 8) 26. x(x + 3)(x + 4) 15. (x + 1)(x - 1)(x + 3)(x - 3); -1, 1, -3, 3
27. x(x - 3)(x - 5) 28a. V = x2(20 - x) 16. (x + 1)(x - 1)(x2 + 4); -1, 1, -2i, 2i
28b. about 1185 in. 3 17. 5.52% 18. -2, 2, -0.71, 0.71 19. 0.06, 15.94 20. 0
21. -0.59, 0, 0.42 22. -0.67, 0, 1.4 23. -9, 0, 9
Guided Problem Solving 6-2 24. (n - 1)n(n + 1) = -336; -8, -7, -6
1. 4 ft 2. The volume will be twice as much. 3. x ft 4. 60 ft3 25. (x - 5)(x2 + 5x + 25) 26. (x2 - 3)(x2 - 5)
5. 120 ft3 6. V(x) 5 (x 1 5)(x 1 4)(x 1 3) 7. 1 27. (x + 1)(x - 1)(x2 + 2) 28. (x + 1)(x2 - x + 1)
8. 1 ft 9. Answers may vary. 10. 2 in. 29. (x2 - 6)(x2 + 4) 30. (x2 + 1)(x2 + 9)
31. (x + 3)(x2 - 3x + 9) 32. (x2 - 2)(x2 + 9)
21 4 i"3
Practice 6-3 33. 0, 1, 2
34. 21, 1, 2"6, "6
1. yes 2. yes 3. no 4. yes 5. x2 - 3x + 2 35. 2"14, "14, 2i, i 36. 2i"2, i"2, 22i"2, 2i"2
6. x2 + 3x - 7, R 5 7. -2x2 + 9x + 5 8. x2 + 6x + 9
37. -3, 3, -3i, 3i 38. 2"5, "5, 2i"5, i"5
9. x2 - x + 8, R -12 10. x2 - 7, R -10 11. x3 + x, R 1
12. x3 + 2x2 + 6 13. x3 - x2 + x + 11, R 32 39. 0, -2, 2, 2i"3, i"3 40. 0, 2, 6
14. 2x3 + 15x2 - 125 15. -1 16. -13 17. 0 18. 39

Guided Problem Solving 6-4 1 2 3 6 9 18 17. 5; 5, 3, or

43, 46, 49, 418, 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 4
7 7 7 7 7 7
1. 60 m3 2. the length of the box 3. width = x - 2
1; 41, 45 18. 5; 5, 3, or 1; 41, 42, 43, 46, 4 1 , 4 3 , 4 1 , 4 3 ,
4. height = x - 1 5. V(x) = x(x - 1)(x - 2) 2 2 4 4
6. x(x - 1)(x - 2) = 60 7. (5, 60). The length of the box 1 3 19. 3 20. 4, -3i, 3i 21. 22, 1 4 "7
4 ,4
8 8
when the volume is 60 m3. 8. 5 meters 9. 5 4 3 = 60
21 4 i"5
10. 10 years old 22. 2, 1 4 "5 23. 1, 2
24. -3, 1, 4
25. -4, 2i"7, i"7 26. -1, 21 4 i"3 27. -3, 3, -2i, 2i
Practice 6-5 28. -2, 2, 2"3, "3 29. 23 , 3 , 2i, i
2 2
1. 2 2 3i, 2"7 2. 3 1 "2, 1 2 "3 3. 4i, 6 1 i
30. 2"3, "3, 212 i, 12 i
4. 5 1 "6, 22 2 "10 5. x4 - 8x3 + 21x2 - 32x + 68
6. x4 - 4x3 - x2 + 8x - 2 7. x4 + 3x2 - 54
8. x4 - 6x3 + 9x2 + 6x - 20 9. 4, 2, -1 10. 3, 1, -5 Guided Problem Solving 6-6
2343"5
11. -4, -3, 21 12. 7, -2, -4 13. 3; 2
1. three 2. three 3. 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 49, 412,
418, 436 4. 4 5. x 2 1 9 6. 3i, -3i 7. 4, 43i
14. -2, -1, 1, 2 15. 2, 2 4 i 16. -1, 3 4 i 17. 1, 2 4 3i
8. Answers may vary. 9. Answers may vary.

18. -2, 1 4 2i 19. 1, -1, 5 20. -4, 2 21. -2, 1, 3
10. -1, 42i
22. 10, 21 4 i"19 23. 1, -3 24. 3, 12 , 212
234"13 Practice 6-7
25. 2, 2
26. -3, 23 , 214
1. combination 2. permutation 3. permutation 4. combina-
27. 41, 43, 45, 415; none 28.41, 42, 44, 4 12 , 4 13 , 4 23 , tion 5. 12 6. 66 7. 792 8. 12 9. 1 10. 15 11. 1 12. 84
4 1 1 1 2 4
4 ,4 ,4 ,4 ,4 ,4 ,4
1 , 4 1 , 4 1 ; -4, 21 , 1 13. 1 14. 252 15. 2002 16. 2,118,760 17. 40,320 18. 110
3 4 6 9 9 9 12 18 36 6 6 19. 17,280 20. 360 21. 479,001,600 22. 239,500,800
29. 41, 4 2 ;-1, 22 30. 41, 42, 44, 4 2 , 4 3 , 4 3 , 4 43 , 4 41 ,
1 1 1 1 2
23. 95,040 24. 12 25. 3024 26. 455 27. 60 28. 360
1 1 1 1 29. true, comm. prop. of mult. 30. false; Let a = 2. (22)! =
4 , 4 ; none 31. 41, 4 ; ; 1 32. 41, 47, 449; none
6 12 5 5 24 2 4 = (2!)2 31. false, Let a = 2 and b = 3. 2 ? 3! =
33. x3 - 7x2 + 17x - 15 = 0 34. x3 - 5x2 + 4x - 20 = 0 12 2 720 = (2 ? 3)! 32. true; identity prop. of add.
35. x3 - 5x2 + 4x + 10 = 0 36. x3 + 7x2 + x + 7 = 0 33. false; Let a = 2 and b = 3. (2 + 3)! = 120 2 8 =
37. x3 + 4x2 + 16x + 64 = 0 38. x3 - 12x2 + 49x - 78 = 0 2! + 3! 34. false; Let a = 2. (2!)! = 2 2 4 = (2!)2


1. two 2. four 3. 3 - i 4. 2i 1. 2; 5; 3; 2 2. the number of different ratings possible
5. (x - 2i)(x + 2i)(x - 3 + i)(x - 3 - i) 3. No; a particular television set will fall into one price range
6. (x - 2i)(x + 2i)(x - 3 + 1)(x - 3 - i) = or the other. 4. 1 5. the Multiplication Counting Principle
(x2 + 4)(x2 - 6x + 10) = x4 - 6x3 + 14x2 - 24x + 40 6. 2 5 3 2 7. 60 8. Answers may vary. 9. 240
7. x4 - 6x3 + 14x2 - 24x + 40 = 0
8. Check students’ work. 9. Answers may vary.
10. x4 1 10x2 1 9 5 0 Practice 6-8
1. x4 + 8x3 + 24x2 + 32x + 16 2. a7 + 14a6 + 84a5
+ 280a4 + 560a3 + 672a2 + 448a + 128 3. x7 + 7x6y
Practice 6-6 + 21x5y2 + 35x4y3 + 35x3y4 + 21x2y5 + 7xy6 + y7
1. -1, 0, 1 2. -4, 0, 4 3. 213 , 0, 12 4. 212 , 0, 13 4. d9 - 18d8 + 144d7 - 672d6 + 2016d5 - 4032d4
+ 5376d3 - 4608d2 + 2304d - 512 5. 256x8 - 3072x7
5. -1, 21 , 0 6. -5, 0, 5 7. 2; 2 or 0; 41, 43, 4 12 , 4 32 + 16128x6 - 48384x5 + 90720x4 - 108864x3 + 81648x2
5
- 34992x + 6561 6. x9 - 9x8 + 36x7 - 84x6 + 126x5
8. 2; 2 or 0; 41, 42, 45, 410, 4 13 , 4 23 , 4 53 , 4 10
3 - 126x4 + 84x3 - 36x2 + 9x - 1 7. 64x12 - 384x10y2
9. 4; 4, 2, or 0; 41, 45, 4 12 , 4 52 10. 3; 3 or 1; 41, 43, 49, + 960x8y4 - 1280x6y6 + 960x4y8 - 384x2y10 + 64y12
1 3 9 1 3 9 11. 5; 5, 3, or 1; 41, 43, 45, 8. x35 + 14x30y + 84x25y2 + 280x20y3 + 560x15y4
4 ,4 ,4 ,4 ,4 ,4
2 2 2 4 4 4 + 672x10y5 + 448x5y6 + 128y7 9. about 1%
1 3 5 15 1 5 1 5
415, 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 12. 3; 3 or 1;
10a. about 99% 10b. about 95% 10c. about 5%
2 2 2 2 3 3 6 6 11. about 3% 12. about 3% 13. about 8%
41, 47 13. 3; 3 or 1; 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 412 14. about 0.6% 15. n3 - 9n2 + 27n - 27
16. 16n4 + 64n3 + 96n2 + 64n + 16 17. n5 - 30n4
14. 4; 4, 2, or 0; 41, 42, 43, 46, 4 12 , 4 23 15. 5; 5, 3, or 1; + 360n3 - 2160n2 + 6480n - 7776 18. n6 - 6n5
1 3 1 3
41, 42, 43, 46, 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 16. 6; 6, 4, 2 or 0; 41, 42, + 15n4 - 20n3 + 15n2 - 6n + 1
2 2 4 4

19. 8a3 + 24a2 + 24a + 8 20. x8 - 4x6y2 + 6x4y4 - 6F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle
4x2y6 + y8 21. 32x5 + 240x4y + 720x3y2 + 1080x2y3 +
1. absolute 2. opposite 3. term 4. variable 5. evaluate
810xy4 + 243y5 22. 64x12 + 192x10y2 + 240x8y4 +
6. complex
160x6y6 + 60x4y8 + 12x2y10 + y12 23. x6 - 3x4y2 +
3x2y4 - y6 24. 16b4 + 32b3c + 24b2c2 + 8bc3 + c4
25. 243m5 - 810m4n + 1080m3n2 - 720m2n3 + 240mn4 Chapter 7
- 32n5 26. x18 - 6x15y4 + 15x12y8 - 20x9y12
+ 15x6y16 - 6x3y20 + y24 27. x7 + 7x6 + 21x5 + 35x4 Practice 7-1
+ 35x3 + 21x2 + 7x + 1 28. x8 + 32x7 + 448x6 + 1. 12 2. -5 3. not a real number 4. 0.1 5. 0.3 6. 3
3584x5 + 17920x4 + 57344x3 + 114688x2 + 131072x
+ 65536 29. x6 - 18x5y + 135x4y2 - 540x3y3 7. -3 8. 0.3 9. 6 10. -7 11. -0.4 12. 10 3
13. -20, 20
+ 1215x2y4 - 1458xy5 + 729y6 14. no real square roots 15. -100, 100 16. -0.25, 0.25
30. x5 + 10x4 + 40x3 + 80x2 + 80x + 32 17. no real fourth roots 18. -4, 4 19. -0.1, 0.1 20. -5, 5
31. x10 - 5x8y2 + 10x6y4 - 10x4y6 + 5x2y8 - y10 21. 9x2 22. 11 ∆y5« 23. 2g2 24. 5x3 25. 3xy3
32. y5 + 15y4 + 90y3 + 270y2 + 405y + 243 3
33. x12 + 18x10 + 135x8 + 540x6 + 1215x4 26. x - 9 27. 5(x + 2)2 28. 4x 7
29. -2, 2 30. -3, 3
+ 1458x2 + 729 34. x7 - 35x6 + 525x5 - 4375x4 4 4

31. -0.4, 0.4 32. 27 , 7 33. 20 cm 34a. about 25.30 ft/sec
+ 21875x3 - 65625x2 + 109375x - 78125
34b. about 10.48 ft/sec
35. x4 - 16x3y + 96x2y2 - 256xy3 + 256y4

1. 0.5 2. 5 3. 0.5 4. 2 5. b3g2 6. 5C3 5 10 7. 10b3g2 1. K and L, respectively 2. length, L 3. K 5 1.35"L
8. about 31% 9. 1 10. 5b4g1 11. about 16% 12. 5b1g4 4. 8 5 1.35"L; L 35 ft 5. 10 5 1.35"L; L 55 ft
13. about 16% 14. Answers may vary. 15a. 37.5% 6. 20 ft longer 7. The answers check. 8a. 72,000 cars
15b. 25% 15c. 25% 8b. 6,500 cars
1. Polynomials and Polynomial Functions 2. Answers may
Practice 7-2
vary. Sample: polynomials and linear factors, dividing 1. 2"6 2. 9xy2"y 3. 5yz2"
3
6x2 4. 48x 5. 2xy
"3y " "
6. 27"2y 7. 3"2x 8.
3
polynomials, solving polynomial equations, the Fundamental 9x2y2 4
54x3
Theorem of Algebra 3. Check students’ work. 9. 3y 10. 3x
2 3
"2xy

12. "6abc 13. 10 14. 54 15. 9 16. -3
3 2
11.
6B: Reading Comprehension 4y 2bc
17. 3x2"2 18. 2xy3 19. 6x"x 20. 5z"
1. x 2. y 3. 1 unit 4. parabola 5. y-axis 6. downwards 3 2
y z
7. (0, 0) 8. upper right 9. a
21. 3k3"2 22. 22a4"
3
2 23. xy5"z 24. 4st3"
4 3
s
1. subtract 2. inverse 3. zero 4. inverse; 18 5. 1 25. 6xy"
3
x 26. 5r"3r 27. 5uv2"
4
u 28. "2 29. "4x
3
3 31. 2x 32. "12y 33. 3"3

6. inverse 7. identity 3
30. k 2 2 a
25y
3V ; r 5 "6p2V 34b. 2.88 in.
6D: Visual Vocabulary Practice/High-Use 3
3
Å 4p
Academic Words 34a. r 5 2p
1. symbol 2. always 3. table 4. explain 5. graph
6. formula 7. common 8. never 9. simplify
1. distance in miles from the satellite to the center of Earth
6E: Vocabulary Check 2. 3950 mi 3. r = 3950 + 100 = 4050 4. 17,498 mi/h
Polynomial: A monomial or the sum of monomials. 5. r = 3950 + 200 = 4150 6. 17,286 mi/h 7. 212 mi/h
Degree of a polynomial: The largest degree of any term. greater 8. The answers are reasonable. 9. 0.22 gram
Remainder Theorem: If a polynomial P(x) of degree n 1
is divided by (x - a) where a is a constant, then the remainder
is P(a).
Multiplicity: The number of times the related linear factor is
repeated in the factored form of the polynomial.
Relative maximum: The y-value of a point on the graph of a
function that is higher than other nearby points.

Practice 7-3 22. -27, 27 23. 64 24. 0, -1 25. no solution 26. 64

27. 23 28. 0 29. no solution 30. -2 31. 1 32. -123
1. -63 2. -6 3. 73 4. 11"3 5. 5"2 + 2"3 33. 8 34. 12 35. 1 36. 16 37. 8 38. -6, 2 39. 2
6. 3"7 - 7"3
x 7. 11"xy 8. -2 - "3 9. 10 - 5"3
3
3 1 "5 22 1 14"3
10. - 2 11. 13
12. 22"2 13. 4"2 Guided Problem Solving 7-5
14. 0 15. 13" 3 16. -3 - "5 17. -38 + 7"10 1. s" 2. 2A ; 2A9"3 ; #2A "3
4 3
3. about 8.8 in.
18. 67 - 15"7 19. 28 - 16"3 20. 9 + 2"14
2 3"3 3
4. about 15.2 in. 5. Yes, the answer checks. 6a. about 10.7
21. 30 + 12"6 22. 12"7 23. 18"10 in. 6b. about 11.5 in.
24. 41"3 - 3"6 25. 6" 3
3 + 4"
3
9 26. 105"x
27. 26y"5 28. 6y + 13"5y - 25 29. x - 3
"5 2 2"2 x 1 2"
Practice 7-6
31. "2 32.
3 2
x
30. 3 x 1a. ƒ(x) = 1.8x 1b. g(x) = 0.75x 1c. g(f(150)) = $202.50
33a. (900 1 300"3 1 300"6) ft or about 2154 ft 1d. No; it doesn’t matter whether you first multiply by 0.75
or by 1.8. 2. 2x2 + 4x + 2; all real numbers
270,000 1 90,000"3 2
33b. ft or about 212,942 ft2 3. -2x2 + 4x - 4; all real numbers

2 4. 8x3 - 2x2 + 12x - 3; all real numbers
5. 4x2 2 1 ; all real numbers 6. 2x2 - 4x + 4; all real
Guided Problem Solving 7-3 2x 1 3
2
numbers 7. 2x 1 3 ; all real numbers except 1 8. -4
1. 1 1 Í5 2. subtract 3. 2
4. 1 2 Í 5 5. 21 1 Í 5 4x 2 1 4
1 1 Í5
2 2
9. -2 10. 7 11. 23a 1 2 12. -4x + 7
5
6. 1 7. Yes, it equals the reciprocal of the golden ratio.
13. 2x2 - 3x - 7 14. 17 15. 16 16. -8x + 6 17. 2 4
8. 224Í 35 1 52 5 5 5
18. 23x 1 2 19. 7 20. 3x2 - 13
5 5
Practice 7-4 21. 3x3 + 2x2 - 15x - 10 22. -2x2 + 3x + 12
23a. ƒ(x) = 0.75x 23b. g(x) = x - 5
1. 3 2. 81 3. 32 4. 256 5. 1 6. 4 7. -1 8. 9 9. 2 23c. g(ƒ(50)) = $32.50 23d. Yes; multiplying by 0.75 and
10. x 6 11. 2y2 12. 4 13. 1 14. 21 15. 49 16. 0
5 3
then subtracting by 5 is different than subtracting by 5 and
then multiplying by 0.75.
3
17. 12x6 18. 31 19. 9ab 3 20. 16 21. b 4 22. y 40
7 2 31
y6 y a
1 3 1 13 3x 2 Guided Problem Solving 7-6
23. 2 24. 8a 4 25. 26. 12x 20 27. y 1. cost in dollars to produce x violins; income in dollars from
x 21 9
selling x violins 2. profit earned when he makes and sells x
28. 10.1% 29. "x 30. "
3 4 3
2y 31. "a3 32. "
5
b violins 3. I(x) = 5995x 4. C(x) = 1000 + 700x 5. P(x) =
5295x - 1000 6. 157,850 7. He made a profit of $157,850
33. "z 34. "
3 2 4
ab 35. "m 36. 71 37. 51
5 12
"t2 "a8
when he makes and sells 30 violins. 8. The answers match.
9a. P(x) = 56x -30 9b. $13,970
3 1 1 1 2 3 1
38. x 2 39. m 3 40. (5y) 2 41. 23y3 42. b 4 43. (26) 2
4 3 Practice 7-7
44. 36a2 45. n5 46. (5ab) 4
1. y 2. y
6 6
4 4
Guided Problem Solving 7-4 2 2O
x x
1. 39% 2. number of years ago that the organism died 4 O 2 4 6 642 2 6
T
2
R 5 (2.7) –8033
3. fraction of A left after T years 4. A 4
6
5. 78% 6. 61% 7. 37% 8. Yes, the answers check.
9. 81%; 65%; 12%
Practice 7-5
1. 127 2. -8, 8 3. 9 4. 3 5. no solution 6. 25 7. 9
8. -14 9. 1 10. 27 11. 4, 2 12. 9 13. 7 14. 2 15. 4
16. 29,-25 17. 10 18. 16 19. 4 20. 13 21. 4
All-In-One Answers Algebra 2

105
3. y 4. y 25.
x –3 –2 –1 0
5
4 y –2 –1 0 1
2O 3
642 4 x y
2 x
4 2
6 O 4 5
x
2 O 2
5. y 6. y
3 4 2
2 3
1 x 2
1
32 O 1 2 3 x
26.
2 O 1 2 3 4 x –3 –1 0 –2
2

3 2 y 0 1 2 3
y
7. y 5 4"x 2 2; no 8. y = x - 2; yes
2
9. y 5 13 x 2 1; yes 10. y 5 4"2x 2 3; no
x
11. y 5 12 x 1 12 ; yes 12. y 5 4 1 2 x ; no 2 O 2
Ä 3
2
13. y 5 4 x ; no 14. y 5 4"x 2 3; no
Ä5
15. y 5 4 x 1 4 ; no 16. y 5 4 x 1 2 ; no
Ä 6 Ä 3 x 2 635,600
27. -1 28. 3 29. 2 12 30. f21(x) 5 ; in 2009
17. y 5 4"x 1 4 2 4; no 18. y 5 4"4 2 x; no
198,900
19. f21(x) = 6x; The domain and range of f and f21 is the
set of all real numbers; f21 is a function.

1. v is the velocity of the water in feet per second; g is the
20. f21(x) 5 25x 1 10; The domain and range of f and acceleration due to gravity (32 ft/s2); x is the height of the
f 21 is the set of all real numbers; f 21 is a function. 2 2
water in feet. 2. v2; v ; v 3. 25 4. 25 ft 5. 6.25 6. 6.25 ft
21. f21(x) 5 4"x 1 2; Domain of f = all real
2g 64
S 2 1; r 8.4%
ÅP
numbers = range of f 21; Range of f = the set of real 7. Yes, the answers check. 8. r 5
numbers greater than or equal to -2 = domain of f 21;
f 21 is not a function. Practice 7-8
22. f21 (x) 5 4"x 2 4; Domain of f = all real 1. y 2. y
6 6
numbers = range of f 21; Range of f = all real numbers 4
4
greater than or equal to 4 = domain of f 21; f 21 is not a 2O 2O
x x
function. 642 2 4 6 2 2 4 6 8 10
2 2
23. f 21 (x) 5 x 2 1 1; Domain of f = all real numbers 4 4
greater than or equal to 1 = range of f 21; Range of f = all 6 6
real numbers greater than or equal to 0 = domain of f 21;
f 21 is a function.
24. f 21 (x) 5 31 x 2; The domain and range of f and f 21 is

the set of all real numbers greater than or equal to 0; f 21 is
a function.

3. y 4. y 15. y 16. y
6 6 6 4
4 4 4 3
2O x 2O x 2O x 2
1
2 2 4 6 8 10 2 2 4 6 8 10 2 2 4 6 8 10 O x
2 2 2
4 1 1 2 3 4 5
4 4
6 6 6 2
5. y 6. y
6 6 17. y 18. y
3 5
4 4
2 4
2O x 2O
1 x 3
O
2 2 4 6 8 10 2 6 8 x 2
2 321 2 3 1
4 4 O x
2
6 6 1 1 2 3 4 5
3
7. y 8. y
4 6 19. y 20. y
6 5
2O x 4
2O 4
42 2 4 6 8 x 4 3
2
2 2 4 6 8 10 3 2
4 2
2 1
6 4 O x
8 6 1 x
O 1 2 3 4 5 6
21 1 2 3 4
9. y 10. y
6 6 21. y 22. y
3 3
4 4
2O 2 2
2O x 1 x 1 x
4 O O
2 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 x
2 2 21 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5
4 4
2 2
6 6
3 3
11. y 12. y
6 6 23. y 24. y
2 3
4 4
1 x 2
2O x 2O x O
1
2 2 4 6 8 10 2 2 4 6 8 10 4321 1 2 O x
2 2 2 4321 1 2
4 4 3 2
6 6 4 3
13. y 14. y
6 6 25. y 26. y
1 x 4
4 4 O
3
2O x O x 1 1 2 3 4 5
2
2 2 4 6 8 10 2 2 4 6 8 2 1
2 2 3 O x
4 4 321 1 2 3
6 6 5 2

107
27. y 43. y 44. y

5
4 2 2
3
2
1 2 O 2 x 4 2 O 2x
O x
2 2
1 1 2 3 4 5
28a. r 28b. about 10.6 ft

12 1. length, in feet, of the trapeze 2. time, in seconds, for a
8 trapeze to complete one full cycle
3. y
4 4

O A
2
100 200 300
29. 75 30. 7 31. no solution; 3 is extraneous 32. 2.36 O 2 4 6 x

2
33. y 5 9"x 1 2; graph of y 5 9"x shifted left
4. 4.3; about 4.3 s 5. 6.1; about 6.1 s 6. Yes, the answers
2 units 34. y 5 22"x 1 5; graph of y 5 22"x
check.
shifted left 5 units 35. y 5 5"
3
x 2 2; graph of y 5 5"
3
x 7a.
shifted right 2 units 36. y 5 28"x 1 3; graph of
y
y 5 28"x shifted left 3 units 37. y 5 22"

3
x 2 7 1 4; 4
graph of y 5 22"
3
x shifted right 7 units and up 4 units
38. y 5 5"x 1 3 2 1; graph of y 5 5"x shifted left
2
3 units and down 1 unit
x

39. y 40. y
2 2 4 6
2
x 7b. about 9.1 nautical miles; 11.7 nautical miles
x 4 2 O 2
2 O 2 4 7A: Graphic Organizer
2
2 1. Radical Functions and Rational Exponents 2. Answers
4 may vary. Sample: roots and radical expressions, binomial
radical expressions, rational exponents, inverse relations and
41. 42. functions 3. Answers may vary. Sample: packaging, art, space
y y
travel, solar energy 4. Check students’ work.
2 2
x 7B: Reading Comprehension
2 O 2 2 O 2 x 1. cube 2. 12 edges 3. 8 vertices 4. sphere
5. They are not actually visible. 6. cube or polyhedron
2 2 7. inscribed 8. circumscribed 9. b

1. f, h 2. a 3. g 4. c 5. d 6. b 7. f 8. j 9. i, k

7D: Visual Vocabulary Practice 7. y ; y=0

6
1. nth root 2. like radicals 3. composite function
4. inverse relation 5. square root equation 6. radical 4
equation 7. square root function 8. radical function
9. inverse functions 2
x
7E: Vocabulary Check 2 O 2
Radicand: The number under a radical sign.
Index: With a radical sign, this indicates the degree of the root. 8. y ; y=0
6
Principal root: When a number has two real roots, this is the
positive root.
4
Rationalize the denominator: Rewrite the denominator of
an expression so there are no radicals in any denominator and 2
no denominators in any radical.
x
Rational exponent: If the nth root of a is a real number and
2
m is an integer, then an 5 Í a and a 5 Í a 5 Q Í a R .
O
1 n n
m
m n n m 2
If m is negative, a 0. 9. y = 18,000(0.75)x; $5695.31 10. y = 29,000(0.88)x;

$11,851.59 11. y = 1573(1.02)x; 1917 bears
12. y = 75,000(1.125)x; $2,568,247.87
7F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle 13. y = 200,000(0.9925)x; 94,207 birds 14. y = 2(0.65)x
1. index 2. inverse 3. left 4. principal 5. radical 15. y = 10(0.8)x 16. y = 0.7(1.2)x 17. 1.45 18. 0.9
6. rational 19. 0.6 20. 3 21. 25% decrease 22. 37.5% decrease
P L I N D E X T E N E 23. 73% increase 24. $300,000
R O A R E E D S N G E
I N C N I O R D N R X Guided Problem Solving 8-1
N O T R O E I A I O E 1. the intensity of sunlight beneath the surface of the ocean
C E E V V I H E E H G 2. the depth beneath the ocean surface, in feet 3. percent of
I G V N A C T L E F T sunlight that reaches a depth of x feet 4. 50
P R I N R O G A I N I 5. y 5.63976205 6. about 5.6% 7. 370 8. y 0.00170898
A V E E N R R T R R I 9. about 0.0017% 10. Answers may vary. 11. about 91.8%
L E T L A C I D A R R
Practice 8-2
Chapter 8 1. 7.3891 2. 0.0821 3. 1.3956 4. 4.1133 5. $39,624.12
1
x
6. $21,557.68 7. y 5 12a 21 b
64.1
; about 5.5 mg
Practice 8-1 1
64.9 x
1. growth 2. decay 3. growth 4. decay 8. y 5 8a 12 b ; about 2.7 mg
5. y ;y = 0 1
13.2 x
9. y 5 45a 12 b
6
; about 34.6 mg 10. decay 11. growth
4 12. decay 13a. $9948.90 13b. $19.68 14. 9.9 yr
2 15. y 16. y
x 4 4
2 O 2
2 2
6. y ; y=0
6
2 O 2 x 2 O 2 x
4
2
x
2 O 2

109
17. y 18. y 1 11. 2-10 = 1

9. 560 = 1 10. 12-2 = 144
x 1024
4 12. 38 = 6561 13. log981 = 2 14. log25625 = 2
2 O 2
2 2 15. log8512 = 3 16. log13169 = 2 17. log2512 = 9
18. log41024 = 5 19. log5625 = 4
4 x
2 O 2 1 = -3 22. log 1 = -2
20. log100.001 = -3 21. log4 64 525
1
23. log8 8 = -1 24. log111 = 0 25. log66 = 1
19. y 20. y 1 = -3 27. log 1 = 0 28. log 17 = 1
x
26. log6 216 17 17
4
2 O 2 29. 5 h 30. 4 31. 3 32. 2 33. 1 34. 0 35. -1 36. -2
2 2 37. -3 38. 1 39. 3 40. 2 41. -1 42. 0 43. 0 44. 3
4 45. 1 46. 1 47. 5 48. -2 49. -3 50. -2 51. 52

2 O 2 x
52. -2 53. 12 54. 6.3 3 10-8 55. 5.0 3 10-8

56. 6.3 3 10-9 57. 6.3 3 10-7 58. 2.5 3 10-6
21. y 22. y
x 59. 2.5 3 10-5 60. 1.0 3 10-7 61. 1.3 3 10-3
4
2 O 2
62. y 63. y
2 3 3
2 2
4 1 1
x O O x
2 O 2
1 1 2 3 4 x 1 1 2 3 4 5
1 1
2 2
23. y 24. y 3 3
4 4
64. y 65. y
2 2 3 4
2 3

1 x 2
2 O 2 x 2 O 2 x O
1 1 2 3 4 5 O x
1 1 1 2 3 4 5
2 1
25. y 26. y 3 2
x
4
2 O 2
66. y 67. y
2 2 x
2
x O 2 4
4 x
4 2 O 2
O 2 4
2 4

1. to save $8000 2. 5 yr 3. a single deposit 4. continuously 68. y 69. y
5. 0.052 6. 8000 5 Pe0.052(5) 7. $6168.41 8. $6497.65,
2 2
$6844.47, $7209.80, $7594.63, $8000. Answers may vary.
x
9. Answer may vary. 10. $2556.43
2 O 2 O 2 4 6x
2 2
Practice 8-3
1. 44 = 256 2. 70 = 1 3. 25 = 32 4. 101 = 10
1 7. 95 = 59,049 8. 172 = 289
5. 51 = 5 6. 8-2 = 64

70. y Practice 8-5

2
1. 3.58 2. 3.36 3. 1.5 4. 0.68 5. 0 6. 1.43 7. 3 8. 1.63
9. 0.5 10. 0.53 11. 7.92 12. 1.28 13. 0.93 14. -0.47
x 15. 2.79 16. 0.39 17. 2.52 18. 2.04 19. 33.33 20. 10
O 2 4 6 21. 334 22. 0.22 23. 40 24. 4 25. 100 26. 100 27. 25
2 28. 125 29. 10 30. 16.67 31. 2.26 32. 1.19 33. 0.48
34. -0.32 35. 1.48 36. 1.19 37. 3.85 38. 1.72
39. about 19 mo 40. about 27 yr 41. 3.16 42. 0.4 43. 0.04
44. 4000 45. 20 46. 497.5 47. 47.5 48. 0.03 49. 5.48
50. 0.48 51. 0.23 52. 3.30 53. 0.86 54. 0.75 55. -2.54
1. log273 2. log273 = x; yes 3. 3 5 27x 4. The error is
in the second line. It should read 3 5 27x . 5. 31 5 (33) x
1. 7.9 2. the magnitude of the Pennsylvania earthquake
6. 31 5 33x 7. 1 = 3x 8. log273 5 31 9. Answers may 7.9
vary. 10. The error is in the third line. It should read 3. E ? 307.9 4. E ? 30M 5. E ? 30 M 5 11,600
E ? 30
23 5 (22) x; the correct answer is 23. 6. 307.92M 5 11,600 7. log(307.92M) 5 log11,600

8. (7.9 2 M)log30 5 log11,600
Practice 8-4 log11,600
1. about 377.7 decibels 2. about 2.6 decibels 3. 1.0792 9. M 5 7.9 2 log30
; 5.1 10. Answers may vary.
4.1.2042 5. -0.2219 6. -0.0969 7. 1.8751 8. 0.5052 11. Answers may vary. 12. after 2 hours
9. 0 10. 1.7782 11. log512 12. log65 13. log21 = 0
1 1
2
14. log7x3 15. log415x 16. log 14 17. log x 3 18. log r s1
2 3
y Practice 8-6
t4
2 3 1. 40.2 days 2. 35.7 days 3. 31.8 days 4. 6.36 km/s; no
19. log3100xy 20. log 8 21. log 3x 22. log 64 23. log 8 5. 22.65 6. 25.79 7. 2.71 8. 0.92 9. 1.91 10. 0.41
11. 4.69 12. -1.15 13. 0 14. 17.33 15. 2.60 16. -2.28
24. log x11 25. log6 21 26. log 8 27. log3 2x5
7 y 17. -0.02 18. 6.44 19. 1.61 20. 4 21. 21 22. no solution
1
x 2y 3
1 1
y 23. 0.61 24. 12.37 25. 1.58 26. 29,937.07 27. -0.11
28. log2 x 1 29. log
3
2 30. log t24 31. log5 4 8 28. 633.14 29. 2.12 30. 1.85 31. 1.84 32. 3 33. 2
y3 z r t
34. 12 35. 1.83 36. 7.36 37. -0.93 38. 48.14 39. 151.48
32. log x + log y + log z 33. log2x - log2y - log2z a z
40. 4.19 41. ln 2 42. ln 243 43. ln 4b 44. ln 3 45. ln 9x
34. log 6 + 3 log x + log y 35. log 7 + 2 log (3x - 2) 4 3

46. ln x y x
36. 21 log 2 + 12 log r + 12 log s + 21 log t - 12 log 5 - 12 log w
37. log 5 + log x - log 4 - log y Guided Problem Solving 8-6
38. log55 - 5 log5x, or 1 - 5 log5x 1. maximum velocity of the rocket, in kilometers per second;
39. log 2 + 2 log x + log y - log 3 - 3 log k the time in seconds that the booster rocket fires; velocity of
40. 2 log43 + 2 log4x + 2 log4y + 2 log4z 41. Quotient the exhaust, in kilometers per second; the mass ratio of the
Prop. 42. Power Prop. 43. Product Prop. 44. Power Prop. rocket 2. 6.9; 50; 3.1; unknown
45. Power Prop. 46. Power and Quotient Prop. 3. 6.9 5 20.0098(50) 1 (3.1)ln R
6.9 1 0.0098(50) 6.9 1 0.0098(50)
4. 3.1
5 ln R 5. e 3.1 5R
Guided Problem Solving 8-4 6. R 10.8 7. Answers may vary. 8. Answers may vary.
9. Answers may vary. 10. R 20.0
1. 1024 W/m2 2. 6.31 3 1026 W/m2 3. decibels
4. the decrease in apparent loudness 8A: Graphic Organizer
24 1026
5. L1 5 10 log 10I 6. L2 5 10 log 6.31 3
I
1. Exponential and Logarithmic Functions 2. Answers may
0 0 vary. Sample: properties of exponential functions, logarithmic
24 26
7. L1 2 L2 5 10 log 10I 2 10 log 6.31 3 10
I0
functions as inverses, properties of logarithms, natural
0 logarithms 3. Reading Data 4. Testing Multiple Choices
8. 10(log1024 2 logI0) 2 10flog(6.31 3 1026) 2 logI0g 5. Answers may vary. Sample: population, depreciation,
9. 10 log1024 2 10 log(6.31 3 1026) medicine, investments 6. Check students’ work. Chapter:
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions; Exploring
10. 20 - 10 log 6.31 12 dB Exponential Models: modeling exponential growth and decay;
11. L1 5 80dB, L2 68dB; L1 2 L2 < 80 2 68 5 12dB Properties of Exponential Functions: exploring properties of
exponential functions; Logarithmic Functions as Inverses:
12. about 15 dB

111
write, evaluate, and graph logarithmic functions; Properties of 26. z 5 3x3 ; 9 27. inverse; y 5 20
Logarithms: use properties of logarithms; Exponential and y 32 x 28. neither
Logarithmic Equations: solve exponential and logarithmic 29. direct; y = 6x 30. direct; y = 125x 31. neither
equations; Natural Logarithms: evaluate natural logarithmic
32. inverse; y 5 15
x
expressions and solve equations using natural logarithms
8B: Reading Comprehension Guided Problem Solving 9-1

1. the current use of logarithms 2. common and natural
3. Answers may vary. Sample: The phrase “In the twentieth 1. directly 2. inversely 3. y = 8 4. the value of x when
k(48)
century” 4. 500 5. 39 6. log 500 x = 39 7. a y = 12 and z = 2 5. y 5 kx 6. 8 5 7. k = 1.5
z2 (3) 2
8C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols 8. y 5 1.5x 9. x = 32 10. Answers may vary.
1. 1; 13; no 2. 1; 5; no 3. (2, -3); (-3, 2); no 4. 5; -1; no z2
5. 64; 64; yes 6. -9, -9, 9; yes and no, -(b2) is the same as 11. Answers may vary. 12. a = 4
(-b2), but it is not the same as (-b)2.
Practice 9-2

8D: Visual Vocabulary Practice 1. y 5 2 3 1 1 2. y 5 2 3 13
1. common logarithm 2. change of base formula x2 2 x11
3. exponential equation 4. growth factor 5. logarithmic 3. y 5 2 3 2 2 4. y 5 2 x3 1 6 5. y 5 2 3
x23
x2 4
equation 6. continuously compounded interest 6. y 5 2 3 1 2 7. y 5 2 3 2 1
7. logarithmic function 8. decay factor 9. natural x2 1 x13
logarithmic function 8. y 5 2 3 11
x1 2
9. y ; x = 1, y = 2
Asymptote: A line that a graph approaches but never 4
reaches. 2O x
Logarithmic function: The inverse of an exponential
642 2 4 6
function. 2
Exponential function: The general form is y = abx, 4
where x is a real number, b 0, and b 1. 6
Common Logarithm: A logarithm that uses base 10.

Growth factor: The value b in y = abx, where b 1.
10. y ; x = -1, y = 0
8F: Vocabulary Review

1. e 2. d 3. f 4. b 5. c 6. a 7. g 8. h O x
6 2 4 6
Chapter 9 2
4
Practice 9-1
1. 1 2. 1.2 3. 50 4. 2 5. 4.2 6. y 5 14 36
7 x 7. y 5 x 11. ; x = -3, y = -3
30 0.8 4 y
8. y 5 2 24
x 9. y 5 2 x 10. y 5 x or y 5 5x
O x
8 12. y 5 3 13. y 5 6.3 or y 5 63
11. y 5 x x x 10x 12963
3
14. y 5 2 0.3 3
x or y 5 2 10x 15. I varies inversely with R. 6
16. A varies jointly with b and h. 17. h varies directly with V 9
and inversely with B. 18. V varies directly with the cube of r. 12
19. 4 20. -4 21. 2 22. y 5 x 8 ; 1 23. y 5 2 1 ; 2 1
3 x 8
24. y 5 7.2 36
x or y 5 5x ; 0.9 25. z = 2xy; 48

12. y ; x = 2, y = -2 18. y ; x = 3, y = 1
6 8
4 6
O x 4
2 4 6 O x
2
4 42 2 6 8
2
6 4
13. y ; x = 0, y = 3 19. y ; x = -1, y = 2
4
3 4
2 2O x
O x 642 2 4 6
2
321 1 2 3
14. y ;x = -1, y = -2 20. y ; x = 0, y = 0.5

1O x 3
2
4321 1 2
1 1O
2
321 1 2 x
3
4
5 3
15. y ; x = 2, y = 1 21. y ;x = -3, y = -1

4 6
3 4
2 2O x
1 x 8642 2 4
2
1 O 2 3 4 5
1 4
2 6
16. y ; x = 1, y = -1 22. y ; x = 5, y = 0
2 6
1O x 4
2O
21 1 2
1 642 x
4
2 2
3 4
4 6
17. y ; x = 0, y = 0 23. y ; x = 3, y = -2
4
2 x
O
2 4 6 8
2
2 O 2 x
4
2 6
8

113
24. y ; x = 0, y = 0 Guided Problem Solving 9-2

2 1. 10,000 mi 2. mi/gal 3. g, gallons of gasoline used to drive
10,000
10,000 miles 4. m 5 g
2 O 2 x 5. Check student’s table.
2 100
Mileage (mi/gal)
80
25. y ;x = 1, y = 1 60
4
3 40
2 20
1O x
21 1 2 3 4 O 100 200 300 400
1

Gasoline Used (gal)
2
6. This will translate the graph 50 units to the right.
26. ; x = 0, y = 0 10,000
y 7. m 5 g 2 50 ;
2
100
Mileage (mi/gal)
80
2 O 2 x
2 60
40
20
27. y ; x = 4, y = -2
4
2O O 100 200 300 400
x Gasoline Used Later (gal)

4 6 8 10
2
8. 25 mi/gal; 28.57 mi/gal 9. Check students’ work.
4
10,000 10,000 m 5 20,000
6 10. m 5 g ;m 5 1 or g ; The graph of
8 2
g
the new mileage is a strech of the graph of the old mileage by
a factor of 2.
28. y ; x = 2, y = -0.5
3
2 Practice 9-3
O x 1. -3, 4 2. 42 3. 2 4. 0, -2 5. -1 6. 0, 43 7. y = 0
1 1 2 3 4 5 8. y = 1 9. y 5 12 10. y = 2 11. y = 0 12. y = 1.5
1
2 13. y 14. y
6 6
3 4 4
2O x 2 O x
29. 2.25 ft 30. 412.5 Hz 31. 825 Hz 32. 165 Hz 33. $7.50 4 2 4 6 8 642 2 4 6
2 2
34. 324 keepsakes 35. $4.50 36. $36.00
4 4
6 6

15. y 16. y Guided Problem Solving 9-3

6 9
4 6 1. the player’s rate of success if she makes x more shots
2O 3O 2. an x-value; the number of free throws she needs to make
x x
3. Answers may vary.
2 2 4 6 8 10 63 6 9 12
2 3 4.
4 6 WINDOW FORMAT
6 9 Xmin=0
Xmax=100
X s c l =10
17. y 18. y Ymin=.5
6 9 Ymax=1
4 6 Y s c l =.1
2O 3O x
642 2 4 x 63 3 6 9 12 5. Answers may vary. 6. 6 free throws
2 3 7. 70%; answers may vary; 100%; answers may vary
4 6 8. 21 1 6 27 3 9. 20 assignments
6 9 30 1 6 5 36 5 4 5 75%
19. 20.
Practice 9-4
y y
1. 2x x1 1 ; x 2 0 2. 2; x 2 232 3. 3; y 2 1 or -1
2 2
x x 4. 43 ; x 2 -5 5. x 1 1 ; x 2 0 or -2 6. 3 ; x 2 -2
x12 5
2 O 2 2 O 2 7. y 1 2 ; y 2 0 or -6 8. x ; x 2 5 or -5
6 x15
2 2
9. x 2 3 ; x 2 6 or -6 10. x 1 8 ; x 2 7 or -5
x27
x26
21. 11. 3x
x23
26
; x 2 3 or -2 12.
4x 2 12
x17
; x 2 -3 or -7
y
2x 1 1 ; x 2 -5 or 22 14. 2x 1 3 ; x 2 1 or 2
13. 3x
2 12 3 x21 3
x 7 ; x 2 4 or -4 16. x 2 3 ; x 2 -3
15. x 1 4 2
2 O 2
17. 10; a 2 -1, 0 18. -1; x 2 22 , 0, 43
5
2
19. x2 - 1; x 2 -4, 2 20. x + 3; x 2 -4, -3, -1
7y 2 28 2
21. 6y 1 24 ; y 2 -5, -4 22. 3x 1 3x ; x 2 0, 45
x25
22. vertical asymptote at x = -2; hole at x = 2
23. vertical asymptote at x = 1; hole at x = 0 24. vertical 5y 2 1 10y 1 5
23. ; y 2 -2, -1 24. 3x 2 6 ; x 2 -1, 2
asymptotes at x = 1 and x = -1 25. vertical asymptote at 36y 1 72 14
y y
x = -2 26. no vertical asymptotes or holes 27. vertical 25. y 2 2 ; y 2 2, 49 26. 23 ; y 2 46 27. ; y 2 0, 47
5
asymptote at x = 3; hole at x = -3 28. vertical asymptote 2 2 16
x 1 2 1 x
at x = 4 29. vertical asymptotes at x 5 24 and x = 3 28. x 2 2 ; x 2 2 , 2, 3, 5 29. 2
x 29
; x 2 41, 43
5
30. vertical asymptotes at x = 2 and x = -2 2
30. 1; x 2 -3, 0, 5 31. x2 2 5x 1 6 ; x 2 -3, -2
31a. y 5 0.02x x 1 3500 , where x = number of pages; x 1 5x 1 6
1 ; x 2 0, 46 33. x + 8; x 2 -2, 48 34. 4 ; x, y 2 0
32. x y
3
35. 4x 3x
2 16
; x 2 0, 1 , 5, 44 36. x ; x, y 2 0
6y
3
37. 3x; x 2 0, -2 38. x 3
; x 2 -6, -4, 2
2
39. x2 2 2x 1 1 ; x 2 -7, -3, 4
x 1 14x 1 49
2
40. x 2 1 2x 1 1 ; x 2 -2, 41
x 1x22
31b. at least 2365 pages 31c. 3571 pages 31d. 7292 pages
31e. x = 0; y = 0.02 Guided Problem Solving 9-4
1. The radius and height are both r. 2. cylinder or
hemisphere 3. V 5 23pr3 4. S.A. 5 3pr2 5. V 5 2r
S.A. 9

115
V
6. V 5 pr3 7. S.A. 5 4pr2 8. S.A. 5 4r 9. The ratio 33. no solution 34. 6 35. -5 36. -1 37. about 13 mi/h
tail wind 38. about 14 mi/h head wind
for the cylindrical tank is larger. 10. The cylindrical tank has
a larger volume. 11. yes; cylindrical tank holds more than a
39. about 1.3 days 40. Tom: 125 min, Huck: 500 min
hemispherical tank; answers may vary. 12. cylindrical tank
Practice 9-5 1. 700 miles 2. 360 mi/h 3. t 5 ds 4. 35
18 h 5. faster
1. 6x(x + 2)(2x - 3) 2. 6(x - 1)(x - 2)2(x + 10) 6. dt 1 x or 360 1 x 7. 360700
1 x 8. 700 700
360 1 360 1 x 5 3.5
35 700
2 or 18 1 360 1 x 5 3.5 9. 90 mi/h 10. Answers may vary.
3. (2x + 3)2(2x - 3) 4. 10x(x + 3)2(x - 3) 5. 2x
2
5 11. 50 mi/h
6. x 1 12
2x 2 2 7. 3 8. 2 2 n 9. 2x
n24 9
xy3
Practice 9-7
7y 1 5 3(3y 2 1) 12y 1 5x 1. no 2. yes 3. yes 4. no 5. dependent 6. independent
10. 3y 11. 2 12.
y 25 10x2y2 7. independent 8. dependent 9. 20% 10a. 0.6 10b. 1
2 2
13.
3 2 2x y
14. 10x 2 26 10c. 0.7 10d. 0.6 11a. 23 11b. 23 11c. 23 11d. 61

8x3y3 (x 1 5)(x 2 5)(x 1 1) 1 15. 0.16 16. 1
12. about 69.6% 13. 12.5% 14. 20
9y 1 4x x 2y 3 20
15. 16. 17. x 1
21x2y2 x2 2 4 2 17. 11 18. 55% 19. 38%
12
(5x 1 1)(x 1 3)
18.
(x 2 3)(x 1 2)(x 1 5)(x 1 1)
7x 1 5 2(x 1 2) Guided Problem Solving 9-7
19. 20. 1. a multiple-choice test 2. 3 3. 4 4. 1 5. 41 6. no
2(3x 2 1)(2x 2 3)(2x 1 3) x(x 2 3)
2
21. 4x 1 1 22. 4x 2 36x 1 3 7. independent 8. 41; 41; 14 9. P(A) P(B) P(C) = 41 41 14
(x 1 5)(x 1 1)(x 2 2) x29 1
2 2
10. 64 11. Check students’ work. 12. 18
23. 3x2 1 14 24. 5x 2 2 25x 1 31 25. 3x
5x 1 6
21
x 15 x 2 5x 1 6 9A: Graphic Organizer
2 2
26. 5a 2 1 2a 27. 28c 2 29. 2
28. gh 6t 1. Rational Functions 2. Answers may vary. Sample: inverse
a 24 c 29 t 2 2 25 variation, rational functions and their graphs, rational
2 x 2 1 y2 2y
30. 28r 31. 2 x12
32. 3x 33. 4x expressions, solving rational equations 3. Check students’
r 24 x 1 xy 26 work.

y 2 2
34. 2 x 35. 4y 36. 15 4
37. 2x + 3
2x 2 3x 2 2 9B: Reading Comprehension
2y 1 6xy 3y(y 2 2)
38. 3x 2 3 39. x 40. 1. y-axis 2. when it is the ratio of two functions, written as a
5x 1 5 (y 2 6) (y 1 2) (y 2 4)
fraction 3. The value 2, substituted for the variable x, results
24 ohms 41b. 4 ohms
41a. 17 in a value of zero for the denominator, which makes the
3 (x 2 1)
function undefined. 4. x 2 2 ? 5. When the value 2
x22 1
is substituted for the variable x, the denominator is zero and
Guided Problem Solving 9-5 the function is undefined. 6. a
1. 1 unit 2. 13 unit 3. 1; 2 4. 1 2 2 2
1 5 1 1 2 5. 3
a 1 b 9C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols
6. 3; 2 7. 5 8. 3 9. 1 1 5 ab ? 1 2 1 5 a2ab 1. "21 2. <2.718 3. <3.14 4. 7! means 7 factorial,
4 3 2 2 ab
a 1 b a 1 b
1b
or 7 3 6 3 5 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 1. 5. 3 : 5 means the ratio of
10. Check students’ work. 11. 83 3 to 5 or 3 . 6. decimal point, read as “and,” separates units
5
and tenths 7. Multiply 7 times 9.
Practice 9-6
4 4. 2 9 5. 9 6. -2 7. -0.2
1. 43 2. 44 3. 211 9D: Visual Vocabulary Practice/High-Use
17 4
Academic Words
8. -0.5 9. 3 10. -2 11. 0 12. -17 13. 12 14. 6 1. notation 2. composition 3. arrange 4. pattern
3 16. no solution 17. -9 18. 7 19. 11 20. 41 5. approach 6. equivalent 7. apply 8. exclude 9. solve
15. 16
21. 5 22. -3 23. 0 24. 219 25. -3 26. 18 27. 60
7
25
14
28. -5 29. no solution 30. 12 31. 4 32. 3

9E: Vocabulary Check 10. y hyperbola;

Branch: A piece of a discontinuous graph.
3 x-axis, y-axis;
Inverse variation: An equation of the form y 5 k 2 {x∆x # -2 or x $ 2},
x or 1
xy = k, where k 0. O x all real numbers
P(x) 3 1 1 3
Rational function: f(x) 5
Q(x)
, where P(x) and Q(x) are 1
polynomial functions and Q(x) 0. 2
Joint variation: An equation of the form z = kxy, 3
where k 0.
Point of discontinuity: Occurs at x = a, if a is a real number
11. y hyperbola;
for which the denominator of a rational function f is zero.
3 x-axis, y-axis;
2 {x∆x # -3 or x $ 3},
9F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle 1
O x all real numbers
1. simplest form 2. complex 3. extraneous solution 21 1 2
4. discontinuity 5. independent 6. branch 7. rational 1
8. dependent 9. combined 10. mutually exclusive 2

3
Chapter 10
12. y hyperbola;
Practice 10-1 6 x-axis, y-axis;
1. (0, 0); (43, 0), (0, 43); {x∆-3 # x # 3}, {y∆-3 # y # 3} 4 {x∆x # -3 or x $ 3},
2. (0, 0); (43, 0); {x∆x # -3 or x $ 3}, all real numbers 2 x all real numbers
3. (0, 0); (41, 0), (0, 43); {x∆-1 # x # 1}, {y∆-3 # y # 3} O
6 2 2 6
4. (0, 0); (43, 0), (0, 41); {x∆-3 # x # 3}, {y∆-1 # y # 1} 2
5. (0, 0); (43, 0), (0, 42); {x∆-3 # x # 3}, {y∆-2 # y # 2} 4
6. (0, 0); (45, 0), (0, 45); {x∆-5 # x # 5}, {y∆-5 # y # 5} 6
7. y ellipse;
3 x-axis, y-axis; 13. y circle;
2 {x∆-2 # x # 2}, all lines through center;
x {y∆-1 # y # 1} 2 {x∆-3 # x # 3},
O
1 {y∆-3 # y # 3}
32 2 3 O x
21 1 2
2 1
3 2
8. y ellipse; 14. circle;

y
3 x-axis, y-axis; 3 all lines through center;
{x∆-1 # x # 1}, 2 {x∆2"2 # x # "2},
{y∆2"2 # y # "2}
1 x {y∆-2 # y # 2} 1
O O x
32 1 1 2 3 32 2 3
2
3 3
15. y circle;
9. y ellipse; 3 all lines through center;
x-axis, y-axis; {x∆2"5 # x # "5},
{y∆2"5 # y # "5}
2 {x∆-2 # x # 2}, 1
1 O x
O x {y∆-3 # y # 3}
3 1 1 3
3 1 1 3 1
1
2 3

117
16. y ellipse; 22. y hyperbola;

3 x-axis, y-axis; 6 x-axis, y-axis;
2 {x∆2"2 # x # "2}, 4 all real numbers,
x {y∆-1 # y # 1} 2 x {y∆y # -3 or y $ 3}
O O
32 2 3 642 2 4 6
2
2 4
3 6
17. y hyperbola; 23. y hyperbola;
2 {x∆x # 2"2 or x $ "2}, 4 {x∆x # -4 or x $ 4},
1 x all real numbers 2 x all real numbers
O O
321 1 2 3 642 2 4 6
1 2
2 4

3 6
18. y 24. y circle;
3 hyperbola;
2 all lines through center;
2 x-axis, y-axis; 3
1 {x∆213 # x # 13 },
O x all real numbers, x
O {y∆213 # y # 13 }
321 1 2 3 {y∆y # -1 or y $ 1}
2 2
1 3 2 3
2 3
3
19. y hyperbola; 25. hyperbola;
y
2 {x∆x # 2"5 or x $ "5}, 6 {x∆x # -7 or x $ 7},
1 x all real numbers 3 all real numbers
O x
321 1 2 3 963 3 6 9

1 3
2 6
3 9
20. y circle; 26. circle;
y
6 all lines through center; 6 all lines through center;
4 {x∆-5 # x # 5}, {x∆-4 # x # 4},
2 x {y∆-5 # y # 5} 2 {y∆-4 # y # 4}
O O x
642 2 4 6 6 2 2 6
2 2
4
6 6
21. y ellipse; 27. ellipse;
y
4 {x∆-4 # x # 4}, 4 {x∆-4 # x # 4},
2 x {y∆-3 # y # 3} {y∆-2 # y # 2}
O O x
6 2 2 6 64 4 6
2
4 4
6 6


4 {x∆x # -2 or x $ 2}, 4 {x∆x # -1 or x $ 1},
2 x all real numbers 2 x all real numbers
O
64 4 6 642 2 4 6
2
4 4
6 6
2 {x∆x # -1 or x $ 1}, 4 all real numbers,
1 x all real numbers 2 x {y∆y # -3 or y $ 3}
O O
321 1 2 3 642 2 4 6
1 2
2 4
3 6
30. y circle; 36. y hyperbola;
8 all lines through center; 6 x-axis, y-axis;
6 {x∆-7 # x # 7}, 4 all real numbers,
4 {y∆-7 # y # 7} 2 x {y∆y # -3 or y $ 3}
O
2 x 642 2 4 6
O 2
8642 2 4 6 8 4
2
4 6
8 37. y circle;
31. y hyperbola; {x∆-2 # x # 2},
6 x-axis, y-axis; 1 x {y∆-2 # y # 2}
O
4 {x∆x # -3 or x $ 3}, 3 1 1 3
1
2 x all real numbers

642 2 4 6
2 3
4
6 38. y circle;
all lines through center;
32. y ellipse; 4 {x∆-6 # x # 6},
6 x-axis, y-axis; 2 x {y∆-6 # y # 6}
O
{x∆-1 # x # 1}, 42 2 4
x {y∆-5 # y # 5} 2
O 4
642 2 4 6
6 39. y circle;
33. y ellipse; {x∆2"3 # x # "3},
3 x-axis, y-axis; 1
O x {y∆2"3 # y # "3}
2 {x∆-2 # x # 2}, 321 1 2 3
1 x {y∆-1 # y # 1} 1
O
2
321 1 2 3
1 3
2
3

119
40. y ellipse; Practice 10-2

3 x-axis, y-axis;
{x∆-3 # x # 3}, 1. left 2. downward 3. left 4. upward 5. upward
1 x {y∆-2 # y # 2}
O 6. left 7. right 8. downward 9. (0, -8); y = 8
21 1 2
1 10. a0, 2 32
1 b; y = 1
32
3 11. a 4 , 0b ; x 5 2 4 12. a 48
3 3 1 , 0b ; x 5 2 1
48
41. 1 b; y 5 1
13. a0, 2 12 14. a 20
y ellipse; 1 , 0b ; x 5 2 1
x-axis, y-axis; 12 20
2 {x∆2"2 # x # "2},
1 {y∆22"3 # y # 22"3} 15. a0, 22 34 b; y 5 23 41 16. a2 12
1 , 0b ; x 5 1
O x 12
321
17. (2, -3); x = -2 18. a 32
1 2 3 1 , 0b ; x 5 2 1
1 32
2
1 b; y 5 2 1
19. (0, 2); y = -2 20. a0, 32

32
42. ellipse;
y 1 x2 23. x 5 2 1 y 2
21. x = 2 81 y 2 22. y = 16 12
x-axis, y-axis;
2 {x∆-1 # x # 1},
1
1 x2
24. y 5 2 16 1 x2
25. y 5 2 12 26. x 5 1y2
x {y∆-3 # y # 3} 8
O
32 1 2 3 1 y2
27. y 5 1 x2 28. x 5 1 y2 29. x 5 2 24
1 12 12
2
1 y2 1 x2 32. y 5 1 x2
3 30. x 5 2 20 31. y 5 20
28
1 x2 34. x 5 1 y2 35. x 5 1 y2
33. y 5 32 4 24
Guided Problem Solving 10-1 1 x2
36. y 5 2 16 37. y 5 41 x2 38. x 5 2 1 y 2
1. the lamp 2. the very edge of the shadow 3. a plane and a 12
double cone 4. The wall is like the plane and the lamp shade 1 y2
39. x 5 2 14 y 2 40. x 5 2 40 41. y 5 2 1 x 2

is like the double cone. 5. parabola 6. hyperbola 7. circle 12
8. Hold the lamp at an angle so that the light from the top of 1 y2 43. y 5 1 x2 44. x 5 1 y2
the shade gives a closed, curved oblong area of light on the 42. x 5 20 20 12
wall. 9. Answers may vary. 10. Answers may vary.
45a. y 5 401 x2 45b. 12.5 in. 46. y 5 1 x2 47. y = x2
8
48. (3, -1); (3, -2); y = 0
y x
O 2 4
2
4
6

49. (0, 0); a 1 , 0b ; x = - 18 Practice 10-3

8
1. (x + 5)2 + (y + 2)2 = 16 2. (x - 1)2 + (y - 4)2 = 4
y
3. (x + 2)2 + (y - 5)2 = 1 4. (x + 4)2 + (y + 1)2 = 4
2
5. (x + 3)2 + (y + 4)2 = 9 6. (x - 4)2 + (y - 6)2 = 1
x
2 O 2 7. x2 + y2 = 9 8. x2 + (y - 1)2 = 4 9. (x + 1)2 + y2 = 36
2 10. (x - 2)2 + y2 = 1 11. x2 + (y + 3)2 = 25

12. (x - 4)2 + (y + 4)2 = 2.25 13. (x + 2)2 + (y - 6)2 = 16
14. (x - 5)2 + (y + 1)2 = 1.21 15. (x - 1)2 + (y + 5)2 = 6.25
50. (-1, 1); (0, 1); x = -2
16. (x - 2)2 + (y - 3)2 = 14 17. (x - 4)2 + (y + 2)2 = 9
y
4 18. (x + 2)2 + (y - 5)2 = 12 19. (x - 1)2 + (y - 7)2 = 49
2 20. (x - 5)2 + (y - 5)2 = 1 21. x2 + (y - 10)2 = 25
x 22. (x + 8)2 + (y + 6)2 = 36 23. (-1, 8); 1 24. (0, -3); 3

2 O 2 25. (-3, -1); "2 26. (6, 0); "5 27. (6, 9); 2 28. (0, 0); 12
2 29. y 30. y
12 8
8 4
O x
O x 1284 4 8 12
1. meters 2. speed of the wave, in meters per second 20 12 4 4 8
1
3. (0, 0) 4. a = 10 ; upward 5. c = 2.5 6. (0, 2.5), y = -2.5 8 12
7. Answers may vary. Sample (10, 10), (0, 0), (-10, 10) 12 16
8. d
12 31. 32.
y y
8 12
6 4 8
O x
s 4
8 4 4 8 12 16 O x
6 O 6 20 12 4 4
8
9. Check students’ work. 12 8
10. 16 12
d
8
33. y 34. y
16 8
6
12 4
O x
8
4 16 8 4 8
4
O x
8
2 84 4 8 12 16 12
t 8 16
O
16 12 8 4 0 4 8 12 16 35. 36.
y y
12 8
8 4
O x
4
O x 84 4 8 12 16
16 8 4 8 8
8 12
12 16

121
Guided Problem Solving 10-3 9. Q 46"2, 0 R ; 10. Q 43"13, 0 R ;

1. the center and the radius of the circle 2. no y y
3. (x2 2 6x) 1 (y2 2 2y) 5 24 9 12
6 8
4. (x2 2 6x 1 9) 1 y2 2 2y 5 24 1 9 3 4
5. (x2 2 6x 1 9) 1 (y2 2 2y 1 1) 5 24 1 9 1 1 O x O x
9 63 1284
6. (x 2 3) 2 1 (y 2 1) 2 5 Í 6
2 3 6 9 4 8 12
7. (x 2 h) 2 1 (y 2 k) 2 5 r2 6 8
9 12
8. 3; 1; "6 9. The center is (3, 1). 10. The radius is "6.
11. Answers may vary. 12. (2, 3), 4
11. Q 0, 44"3 R ; 12. Q 4"5, 0 R ;
Practice 10-4 y y
6 3
1. Q 0, 43"5 R ; 2. Q 0, 4"35 R ; 4 2
y y 2 1

9 6 O x O x
6 4 6 42 2 4 6 3 21 1 2 3
3 2 4 2
O x O x
6 3
9 63 3 6 9 6 42 2 4 6
6 4
9 6 13. Q 0, 4"5 R ; 14. Q 4"5, 0 R ;
y y
3. Q 0, 4"91 R ;
3
4. (46, 0);
2
y y 1O x 1O x
9 9
6 6 3 1 1 3 21 1 2
1 1
3 3 2
O x O x
9 63 3 6 9 9 63 3 6 9 3

6 6
9 9 15. Q 4"15, 0 R ; 16. Q 0, 4"11 R ;
y y
3
5. Q 0, 4 72 "3 R ; 6. Q 0, 44"5 R ; 2 4
O 2O x
y y
6 12 21 1 2 642 2 4 6
4 8 2
2 4 2 4
O x O x 3
6 42 2 4 6 1284 4 8 12
4 8
6 12 17. Q 4"65, 0 R ; 18. Q 0, 42"6 R ;
y y
8. Q 0, 4"21 R ;
9 6
7. (44, 0); 6
y y O x x
6 6
4 4 63 3 6 642 2 4 6
2 2 6
O x O x
6 42 2 4 6 6 42 2 4 6 9 6
4 4
6 6

19. Q 4"2, 0 R ; 20. Q 4"2, 0 R ; 4. Q 0, "19 R , Q 0, – "19 R

y y y
3 3
2 2 2
O x O x
8 4 O 4 8 x
32 2 3 3 1 1 3
2 2
3 3 5. 10; "99 9.95; 1; 0.1
6.
y
21. Q 0, 42"2 R ;
5
O
5 5 x
2
1O
x
3 1 1 3 7. The shape is close to a circle; the shape is close to a line
1
2 segment. 8. No; since c2 5 a2 2 b2, c a, so ac , 1.
9. Check students’ work.
2
x 1 y2 2 y2 Practice 10-5
22. 81 5 1 23. x 1 51
16 16 4
2 y2 y2 2 1. Q 42"2, 0 R ; 2. Q 0, 4"34 R ;
x 1
24. 29 5 1 25. x2 1 5 1 26. x 1 y2 5 1
4 5 10 y y
2 2 6 6
x2 1 y 5 1 28. x2 1 y 5 1
27. 16
25 0.25 2.25
4 4
2 2
2 2 y2 2 y2 O x O x
29. x4 1 y2 5 1 30. x 1 4 5 1 31. x9 1 18 5 1 64 2 2 4 6 64 2 2 4 6
5
2
x 1 y2 2 y2 4 4
32. 36 5 1 33. x 1 51
25 49 100 6 6
2
x 1 y2 2 y2
34. 100 5 1 35. x 1 51
196 196 100
2 y2 2 y2 3. Q 4"85, 0 R ; 4. Q 0, 42"10 R ;
x 1
36. 400 5 1 37. x 1 51
625 36 20.25 y y
y2 2 2
x2 1 y 5 1 40. x2 1 y 5 1
38. x 2 1 4 5 1 39. 16 4 16 32 8 8
2
x 1 y2 2 y2 2 y2 O x O x
41. 20 5 1 42. x 1 5 1 43. x 1 51
4 81 36 121 100 8 8 8 8
2
x 1 y2 x 1 2 y2 2 y2
44. 20 5 1 45. 5 1 46. x 1 51 8 8
16 26 25 18 9
y2 2 y2 2
47. x 2 1 5 1 48. x 1 5 1 49. x 1 y 2 5 1
5 49 25 4
2 y2 2 y2 5. Q 4"10, 0 R ; 6. Q 42"17, 0 R ;
50. x 1 5 1 or x 1 51
10,000 2500 2500 10,000 y y
6 6
4 4
Guided Problem Solving 10-4 2 2
O x O x
1. eccentricity = ac 2. 10; 9 3. 0.9
64 2 2 4 6 64 2 2 4 6
4 4
6 6

123
7. (0, 45); 8. Q 4"13, 0 R ; 17. Q 0, 4"10 R ; 18. Q 0, 4"41 R ;

y y y y
6 6 6 6
4 4 4 4
2 2 2 x 2O x
O x O x
64 2 2 4 6 64 2 2 4 6 64 4 6 642 2 4 6
2 2
4 4 4 4
6 6 6 6
5" 5 19. Q 0, 4"13 R ; 20. Q 4"17, 0 R ;

9. a0, 4 2 b ; 10. (0, 45);
y y
y y 6 6
6 6 4 4
4 4

O x x
2 2
O x O x 642 2 4 6 642 2 4 6
64 2 2 4 6 64 2 2 4 6
4 4
4 4 6 6
6 6
21. Q 42"5, 0 R ; 22. Q 4"37, 0 R ;

11. Q 4"73, 0 R ; 12. Q 0, 42"26 R ;
y y
y y 6
12 4 6
8 10 2O x x
O
4
O x O x 64 4 6 6 6
2
1284
4 4 8 12 10 10
4 6
8 10 6

12
23. Q 44"5, 0 R ; 24. Q 0, 44"2 R ;

13. Q 0, 4"29 R ; 14. Q 0, 45"2 R ;
y y
y y 9 6
6 6 6
4 4 3O x 2O x
2
O x O x 63 3 6 642 2 4 6
3 2
642 2 4 6 42 2 4
6
4 4 9 6
6 6
25. Q 0, 42"5 R ; 26. Q 45"2, 0 R ;

15. Q 4"26, 0 R ; 16. Q 4"29, 0 R ;
y y
y y 6 6
6 4
8 4 2O x 2O x
2O
O x x 642 2 4 6 642 2 4 6
2 2
8 8 42 2 4
2 4
8 4 6 6
6

27. Q 4"29, 0 R ; 28. (0, 45); 37. Q 0, 4"10 R ; 38. (45, 0);
y y y y
6 6 6 6
4 4 4
2O x O x 2O x 2O x
64 4 6 642 2 4 6 642 2 4 6 642 2 4 6
2 2 2
4 4 4
6 6 6 6
29. Q 0, 4"13 R ; 30. Q 4"10, 0 R ; 39. Q 0, 42"5 R ; 40. Q 4"41, 0 R ;

y y y y
6 6 6 6
4 4 4 4
2O 2O
O x x O x x
642 2 4 6 2 2 642 2 4 6 642 2 4 6
2 2
4 4 4 4
6 6 6 6
31. Q 4"26, 0 R ; 32. Q 42"5, 0 R ; 41. Q 0, 4"17 R ; 42. Q 43"5, 0 R ;

y y y y
6 6 6
8 4 4 4
2O x 2 x 2O x
O x
8 8 64 4 6 6 6 642 2 4 6
2 2 2
8 4 4 4
6 6 6
33. a0, 4 25 b; 34. a0, 4 25 b ; 43. Q 0, 4"29 R ; 44. Q 0, 42"5 R ;

4 4
y y
y y 6
6 6 4
4 2O x 2O x
2O x 2O x 642 2 4 6 642 2 4 6
642 2 4 6 642 2 4 6 2 2
2 2 4
4 6
6 6
45. Q 42"17, 0 R ;
35. Q 4"13, 0 R ; 36. Q 4"13, 0 R ;
y
y y 6
6 6 4
4 4 2O x
2O x 2O x 64 4 6
6 2 2 6 64 4 6 2
2 2 4
4 4 6
6 6

125
2
46. x2 2
y
51 Practice 10-6
1.869 3 1011 3.752 3 1012
x2 y2 1. ellipse; (-1, 2); 2. hyperbola; (0, 2);
47. 2 51 2"30 Q 4"10, 2 R ;
a21 4
3.112 3 10 10 3.907 3 1012 , 2b ;
2 5
x2 2 y 5 1 49. x2 y2
48. 49 2 51
32 8.582 3 1010 4.812 3 1010 y y
6 6
2 y2 x2 y2
50. x 2 5 1 51. 2 51 4 4
25 200 5.858 3 107 1.667 3 107 2 2
2 2 2 x x
x2 2 y 5 1 53. x 2 y
52. 4489 51
O O
3975 5625 26,775 64 2 4 6 642 2 4 6
2 2
x2 2 y 5 1 55. x2 2 y 5 1 56. x2 2 y 5 1
2
4 4
54. 64 336 36 45 36 64 6 6
2 2 2
x2 2 y 5 1 58. x2 2 y 5 1 59. x2 2 y 5 1
57. 36
28 80 9 40 3. ellipse; (-4, 0); 4. circle; (4, 2); 1;
Q 24 4 4"3, 0 R ;

2 2 2 2
x 2 y 5 1 61. x 2 y 5 1
60. 64 36 81 63 y y
9 3
6 2
2
O x O x
1. down 1 unit 2. x4 2 y2 5 1 12 6 6 1 1 2 3 4 5
6 2
3. y 9 3
2
5. circle; (0, -3); 6; 6. hyperbola;(5,3); Q 5 4 "5, 3 R;
4 O 4 x
y y
2 4 8
2
O x
4
(x 2 1) 2
– (y 1 1) 2 5 1
42 2 4 6
4. subtract 5. add 6. 2

4 O x
4
7. 6 2 4 6 8 10
y 2
1
O 8 4
3 1 x
7. hyperbola; (3, 2); 8. circle; (0, 0); "7;
(8, 2), (-2, 2);
3
y y
8 3
8. Answers may vary. 6 2
(x 1 1) 2 (y 2 2) 2 4 1
9. 4
2
9
5 1; O x
2
O x 3 1 1 2 3
y
4 2 2 4 6 8 10 2
4 3
2
x
4 2 O 2
2

9. circle; (-1, -7); 9; 10. hyperbola; (-1, -1); 17. circle; (-4, -1); 4; 18. hyperbola; (0, 0);
Q 21 4 "34, 21 R ; Q 42"2, 0 R ;
y y y y
3 4 6 6
O x 2 4 4
63 3 9 O x 2
6 86 2 4 O x O x
9 4 10 642 2 64 2 4 6
12 6 4
15 8 6 6
11. circle; (2, 2); 3; 12. ellipse; (2, -1); 19. parabola; (2, -1); 20. parabola; (2, -1);
Q 2 4 "6, 21 R ; y y
6
y y 4
5 2
4 1 2
O x O x
4
1 1 2 3 4 5 2 4 6 8 10
2 2
4 O x
1 42 4 6 8
O x 3 6
1 2 3 5 4
21. (x + 4)2 + (y - 5)2 = 36
13. circle; (5, -2); 6; 14. circle; (-1, 5); 8; (y 2 5) 2 (x 1 4) 2
22. 4
2 51
y y 5
4 15 (x 2 50) 2 y2
2 23. 2 5 1 24. x = 1 (y + 2)2 + 1
O x 2304 196 2
9 2 2
2 4 6 8 10 2 (y 2 2) (x 1 4) (y 1 5) 2
6 25. x9 1 4
5 1 26.
9
1
4
51
3
6 O x
9 3 6 9 27. (x + 1)2 + (y - 2)2 = 36 28. y = -(x + 1)2 + 5
8
(x 2 2) 2 (y 2 2) 2
15. parabola; (1, 2); 16. parabola; (-3, -2); 29. 4
2 51
5
y y (x 2 2) 2 (y 1 5) 2
8 30. 1
16
51
25
8 6 (x 2 125) 2 y2
31. 36
2 51
15,589
4
O x 2 (y 1 2) 2
2
86 2 4 32. x 1 51
O x 2.25 6.25
642 2 4 6 4
1. hyperbola 2. (3, -2) 3. (-3, -2) 4. 6 5. (10.2, -2)
6. 7.2 7. b2 = (7.2)2 - 62 = 15.84 8. horizontal
(x 2 h) 2 (y 2 k) 2 (x 2 3) 2 (y 1 2) 2
9. 2 2 2 5 1 10. 36 2 15.84 51
a b
11. Answers may vary. 12. (y – 2) 2 2 (x 2 3) 2 5 1

1. Quadratic Relations 2. Answers may vary. Sample:
parabolas, circles, ellipses, hyperbolas 3. Reading for Problem
Solving 4. Choosing Cannot Be Determined 5. Answers may
vary. Sample: design, solar energy, machinery, architecture
6. Check students’ work.

127
10B: Reading Comprehension 6. a n 5 a n 2 1 1 1 where a1 = 2 ; 2 1

3 3 3
1. y-axis 2. x-axis 3. upward; to the right 4. downward; to
7. an = an-1 + 3 where a1 = 36; 51
the left 5. b
8. an = an-1 - 6 where a1 = 36; 6
10C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols 9. a n 5 1 a n 2 1 where a1 = 9.6; 0.3 10. an = 7n; 140
2
1. the set of all x such that x is a real number 2. the set of all 11. an = 6n - 4; 116 12. an = n + 4; 24
x such that x is greater than zero 3. the set of all y such that y 13. an = n - 2; 18 14. an = 2n + 1; 41
is less than negative 1 4. the set of all x such that x is between
5 and 9 or the set of all x such that x is greater than 5 and less 15. an = 0.8n; 16 16. a n 5 n ; 5 17. a n 5 1 ; 1
4 2n 40
than 9 5. the set of all x and y such that x is equal to y 1 2
6. the set of all x and y such that y is equal to 3 times x 18. a n 5 n 2 ; 19 19. multiply by 2; 32, 64, 128
3 3
20. subtract 5; 19, 14, 9 21. add 0.1; 1.2, 1.3, 1.4
10D: Visual Vocabulary Practice 22. add 7; 39, 46, 53 23. multiply by 2; 40, 80, 160
1. vertices of a hyperbola 2. ellipse 3. foci of an ellipse 24. subtract 3; -21, -24, -27 25. explicit; 1 , 2 , 1, 4 , 5
4. parabola 5. vertices of an ellipse 6. hyperbola 7. radius 3 3 3 3

8. circle 9. foci of a hyperbola 26. explicit; -5, -2, 3, 10, 19 27. recursive; 5, 8, 17, 44, 125
28. explicit; 0, 1 , 1, 1 1 , 2 29. recursive; 5, -2, 5, -2, 5
2 2
10E: Vocabulary Check 30. recursive; -4, -8, -16, -32, -64 31a. 1, 6, 36, 216
Radius: The distance between the center of a circle and any
31b. a n 5 6a n 2 1 where a1 = 1 32a. 60° 32b. a n 5 360 n
point on the circumference.
Conic section: A curve formed by the intersection of a plane 32c. No polygon has one or two angles.
and a double cone.
Directrix: The fixed line used to define a parabola. Each point Guided Problem Solving 11-1
of the parabola is the same distance from the focus and this 1. 2 2. 7 3. 15 4. an = an - 1 + [2n + (n - 1)] 5. 26 6. 40
line.
Circle: The set of all points in a plane at a distance r from a 7.
Levels 1 2 3 4 5
given point.
Center: The point that is the same distance from every point Cards Needed 2 7 15 26 40
on the circle.
8. Yes, the numbers of cards per level is correct.

10F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle 9.
E C Levels 1 2 3 4 5
L I
Blocks Needed 1 3 6 10 15
L H Y P E R B O L A
I C
P A R A B O L A Practice 11-2
S A E 1. 96 2. -406.9 3. 36.3 4. -99 5. 464 6. -231 7. 5.5
E D A
8. -10.5 9. 171 10. no 11. yes; -3 12. yes; -0.4
13. yes; 5 14. yes; -29 15. yes; 0.3 16. yes; 6 17. yes; 0.2
D I R E C T R I X
18. yes; 13 19. 36 20. 21 21. 31 22. 14.5 23. -42
U I 24. -3.5 25. 0 26. -2 27. 21.5 28. -28.5 29. 227
S F O C U S
30. 189.5 31. 4.5 32. 14.5 33. 9 34. 3 35. -1 36. -6.5
5
37a. a n 5 a n 2 1 1 5 where a1 = 32 37b. 32, 37, 42, 47, 52
Chapter 11 37c. a n 5 32 1 5(n 2 1) 37d. 127 people

1. 403, 417, 431 2. 403; 14 3. an 5 403 1 (n 2 1)(14)
1. an = an-1 + 6 where a1 = -14; 16
4. an = 495 5. n = 8 6. 501 7. 6 min 8. 3:20 P.M. = 920;
2. an = an-1 - 0.3 where a1 = 6; 4.5
1 min 9. 403, 417, 431, 445, 459, 473, 487, 501, …;
3. an = -2an-1 where a1 = 1; -32
501 - 495 = 6 min 10. 69
4. an = 3an-1 where a1 = 1; 81
5. a n 5 1 a n 2 1 where a1 = 1; 1
2 32


1. 8 2. 12 3. 4 4. 6 5. 10 6. 4.8 7. yes; 3; 243, 729 1. 20 2. Front row of middle section has 10 seats; each of the
8. yes; 2; 64, 128 9. no 10. yes; -2; 64, -128 two side sections has 4 seats 3. Last row of middle section
11. yes; 0.5; 0.0625, 0.03125 12. yes; 0.3; 0.81, 0.243 has 29 seats; each of the two side sections has 23 seats
13. no 14. yes; -0.5; 4, -2 15. no 4. Total seats in middle section is 390; each of the two side
16. geometric; 1 , 1 17. neither; -9, -14
20
9 27 sections has 270 5. 930 seats 6. middle section: a (n 1 9) ;
18. geometric; 2, -2 19. arithmetic; 17, 22 20
n51
20. arithmetic; -11, -14 21. neither; 5, -6 side section: a (n 1 3) 7. $46,950 8. The answers are
22. an = 3(-2)n-1; 3, -6, 12, -24, 48 n51
23. an = 5(3)n-1; 5, 15, 45, 135, 405 reasonable. 9. n = 24; d = 6
24. an = -1(4)n-1; -1, -4, -16, -64, -256
25. an = -2(-3)n-1; -2, 6, -18, 54, -162 Practice 11-5
26. an = 32(-0.5)n-1; 32, -16, 8, -4, 2 1. converges; yes 2. converges; yes 3. converges; yes
n21 4. diverges; no 5. converges; yes 6. diverges; no 7. 15
27. an = 2187 a 13 b ; 2187, 729, 243, 81, 27
8. no sum 9. 23 10. no sum 11. 16 12. 1.5 13. 600
n-1
28. an = 9(2) ; 9, 18, 36, 72, 144 255
14. 4000 15. arithmetic; 126 16. geometric; 1024
29. an = -4(4)n-1; -4, -16, -64, -256, -1024
30. an = 0.1(-2)n-1; 0.1, -0.2, 0.4, -0.8, 1.6 17. geometric; 1023 18. arithmetic; 240 19. 79.921875
31a. about 19.2 in. 31b. 9 mm 32a. an = 2537(1.025)n-1 20. 28,697,812 21. about 74.99 22. 40.5 23. 0.22222222
32b. about 2732 33a. an = 1(1.5)n-1 33b. 1.5 in. 24. 6300 25. $8553.71 26. $40,928.80 27. 5000 cm
28. about 177.78 mm 29. $2,319,367.05; $4,950,000
33c. 2.25 in. 33d. about 86.5 in.

1. 4 2. 4
1. geometric mean = !product of the two numbers 3.
2. an 5 a1 ? rn21 3–6. Answers may vary: A sample is
given 3. 3 and 12; 6 4. 3, 6, 12; 2 5. 768 6. 48 7. 5th term
8. The answers check. 9. Answers may vary. The answer to
step 7 is the same since halfway from the 1st term to the 9th
term is the 5th term.
Practice 11-4
1. 4; 0; 3; 6 2. 5; 3; 11; 35 3. 6; 28; 33; 183 4. 4; 13; 28; 82
5. 4; 2.5; 8.5; 22 6. 6; 2; -3; -3 7. 6; 5; 10; 45
8. 4; -4; -7; -22 9. 4; 11; 20; 62
10. 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15; 64 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
11. 5 + 8 + 11 + 14 + 17 + 20 + 23 + 26; 124 4 16 64
12. 4 + 9 + 14 + 19 + 24 + 29 + 34 + 39 + 44; 216
4. 4, 16, 64 5. 4 6. 4 + 16 + 64 + 256 + 1024 + 4096
13. 10 + 25 + 40 + 55 + 70 + 85; 285
7. 5460 8. formula gives 5460 also 9a. $10, $20, $40
14. 17 + 25 + 33 + 41 + 49 + 57 + 65; 287
9b. $10 + $20 + $40 + $80 + $160 9c. $310
15. 125 + 126 + 127 + 128 + 129 + 130 + 131; 896
7 5
16. a (2n 2 1) 17. a (0.3n 1 2) Practice 11-6
n51 n51
4 6 For Exercises 1–19, answers are in units2.
18. a 4n 19. a (23n 1 13) 1a. 0.5(3.75) + 0.5(3) + 0.5(1.75) + 0.5(0); 4.25
n51 n51 1b. 0.5(4) + 0.5(3.75) + 0.5(3) + 0.5(1.75); 6.25
8 7 2a. 0.5(15.5) + 0.5(14) + 0.5(11.5) + 0.5(8); 24.5
20. a (4n 2 1) 21. a (10n 1 5) 2b. 0.5(16) + 0.5(15.5) + 0.5(14) + 0.5(11.5); 28.5
n51 n51
22. sequence; finite 23. series; infinite 24. sequence; infinite 3a. 0.5(1.875) + 0.5(1.5) + 0.5(0.875) + 0.5(0); 2.125
25. series; finite 26. sequence; infinite 27. series; finite 3b. 0.5(2) + 0.5(1.875) + 0.5(1.5) + 0.5(0.875); 3.125
28. -9 29. 39 30. -72 31. -51 32. 4.5 33. 60 4a. 0.5(4) + 0.5(4.25) + 0.5(5) + 0.5(6.25); 9.75
34. 1025 stitches 35. 19 musicians; 84 musicians 4b. 0.5(4.25) + 0.5(5) + 0.5(6.25) + 0.5(8); 11.75

129
5a. 0.5(6) + 0.5(6.5) + 0.5(8) + 0.5(10.5); 15.5 5. 3 units2

5b. 0.5(6.5) + 0.5(8) + 0.5(10.5) + 0.5(14); 19.5 6. y
6a. 0.5(2) + 0.5(2.125) + 0.5(2.5) + 0.5(3.125); 4.875 8
6b. 0.5(2.125) + 0.5(2.5) + 0.5(3.125) + 0.5(4); 5.875
7a. 0.5(14.25) + 0.5(12) + 0.5(8.25) + 0.5(3); 18.75 4
7b. 0.5(15) + 0.5(14.25) + 0.5(12) + 0.5(8.25); 24.75
8a. 0.5(2) + 0.5(2.75) + 0.5(5) + 0.5(8.75); 9.25
8b. 0.5(2.75) + 0.5(5) + 0.5(8.75) + 0.5(14); 15.25 2 4 x
9a. 0.5(9.75) + 0.5(9) + 0.5(7.75) + 0.5(6); 16.25 12 units2
9b. 0.5(10) + 0.5(9.75) + 0.5(9) + 0.5(7.75); 18.25 7. 7.5 units2 8. The mean best approximates the area because
10a. y it is between the other measures known to be larger and smaller
12
than the actual value. 9. 75 , 147 ; 111
16 16 16
8 10a–b. y
4 8

x
4 O 4 6
10b. 5.5 10c. 9.5 10d. 7.5; the mean
4
11. 6.75 12. 16.5 13. 9 14. 12 15. 2.25 16. 18 17. 9
18. 6 19. 4.6 20. total feet 21. total number of computers
2
22. total miles 23. total gallons 24. total molecules
25. total price x
26. y ; 3.25 units2 1 2 3 4
4 area = 7 units2
10c. y
2
x 8
O 2 4
6

27. y ; 4.25 units2
4
12
8
2
x
4 1 2 3 4
x
4 O 4
area = 15 units2
10d. mean area = 11 units2; The mean best approximates the
area because it is between the other measures known to
Guided Problem Solving 11-6 be larger and smaller than the actual value.
1. less 2. greater
3–4. y 11A: Graphic Organizer
8 1. Sequences and Series 2. Answers may vary. Sample:
arithmetic sequences, geometric sequences, arithmetic series,
4 geometric series 3. Answers may vary. Sample: geometry,
fund raising, design, crafts 4. Check students’ work.
2 4 x

11B: Reading Comprehension 2a. Rolling Two Number Cubes

1. terms in a geometric sequence 2. The recursive formula is Sum 5 or less Greater than 5
based on knowing the previous term. The explicit formula is Frequency 10 26
based on knowing the ratio. 3. In an-1, n - 1 is a subscript 10 26
that tells which term you are finding. In r n-1, n - 1 is the Probability 36 36
exponent that tells you how many times to use the base, r, as a
2b. Rolling Two Number Cubes
factor. 4. the recursive formula 5. the explicit formula 6. a
Sum Prime Composite
11C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols Frequency 15 21
1. line AB 2. line segment CD 3. angle A 4. triangle 15 21
Probability 36 36
XYZ 5. Answers may vary. Sample: In -5, the symbol
means “negative” and is describing a kind of number, so it is 2c. Rolling Two Number Cubes
an adjective. In 7 - 5, the symbol means “subtract” or Only 1 Both cubes Cubes show
“minus” and names a binary operation, so it is a verb that Numbers Cube show same different
describes an action. 6. Answers may vary. Sample: The letter showing shows 2 number numbers,
m alone represents “line m.” The letter m in front of an angle neither is 2

represents “the measure of” angle A.
Frequency 10 6 20
10 6 20
Probability
11D: Visual Vocabulary Practice 36 36 36
1. arithmetic sequence 2. circumscribed rectangles
3a. Student Pizza Preferences
3. arithmetic mean 4. geometric mean 5. geometric series
6. geometric sequence 7. arithmetic series 8. inscribed Sausage 56
rectangles 9. explicit formula Cheese 43
Pepperoni 39
11E: Vocabulary Check Supreme 28
Sequence: An ordered list of numbers. Other pizza 31
Term: Each number in a sequence.
Common ratio: The ratio of consecutive terms of a No pizza 19
geometric sequence. 3b. sausage: 25.9%, cheese: 19.9%, pepperoni: 18.1%,
Series: The sum of the terms of a sequence. supreme: 13.0%, other pizza: 14.4%, no pizza: 8.8%; 100.1%;
Limit: The least and greatest integer values of n in summation
There is a rounding error of 0.1%.

notation. 3c. 100%
Pizza
11F: Vocabulary Review 80% No pizza
Probability
1. Answers may vary. Sample: A sequence is an ordered list of 60%

numbers; a series is the sum of the terms of a sequence.
2. Answers may vary. Sample: In calculating the area under part 40%
of a curve, circumscribed rectangles are partially above the
curve while inscribed rectangles are completely under the curve. 20%
3. Answers may vary. Sample: The common difference is the
0%
difference between consecutive terms in an arithmetic Outcomes
sequence. The common ratio is the ratio between consecutive
terms in a geometric sequence. 3d. 100%
4. Answers may vary. Sample: An arithmetic sequence is an Cheese
ordered list of numbers in which the difference between 80% Sausage or
Probability
consecutive terms is constant. A geometric sequence is an pepperoni

60%
ordered list of numbers in which the ratio between Supreme
consecutive terms is constant. 40% or other
20% No pizza
Chapter 12 0%
Outcomes
Practice 12-1
1a. about 0.66 1b. about 81 persons 1c. about 0.05
1d. about 0.15 1e. about 0.37

131
3e. The sum of the probabilities of pizza categories in part d 4a. 45% 4b. 6%
equals the probability of pizza in part c. The overall total in 5. M = male, F = female, C = attend concert,
both is 100.1% (0.1% rounding error). N = not attend concert
4a. Check student’s work. 4b. Check student’s work. C
0.45
Guided Problem Solving 12-1 M
1. the ratio of the number of times the event occurs to the 0.55
0.51
number of times the event does not occur 2. A 1:4, B 2:3,
N
C 1:3, D 1:7 3. the probability of each event 4. find the sum
of the number of times it occurred and did not occur 0.49 C
0.49
5. P(A) = 0.2, P(B) = 0.4, P(C) = 0.25, P(D) = 0.125
6. 0.51
0.4 F
Probability
N
0.3
5a. about 47% 5b. about 25%

0.2
0.1 1. The occurrence of B has no effect on the probability of A.
2. P(A) = 0.60; P(B) = 0.25 3. 0.15
A B C D P(A and B)
Event 4. P(A|B) 5 5. 0.6 6. P(A) is equal to
P(B)
P(A|B). 7. The fact that P(A) = P(A|B) illustrates that the
7. Yes, the answers are reasonable. probability of A is the same, regardless of the occurrence of B.
8. 0.10 y 1 9b. 1
8. Yes, the conclusions are the same. 9a. 26 13
0.9 9c. They are not equal. The events are dependent.
0.8
0.7
Probability
0.6 Practice 12-3

0.5 1. 23 2. 78 3. 3 4. 110 5. about 93.3; 97; 97 6. about 47.6;
0.4 48; 41, 49 7. about 2.6; 2.45; 2.4 8. about 15.7; 15.6; no mode

0.3 9. about 418.8; 423; no mode 10. about 1021.9; 1023; 1023
0.2 11. about 0.019; 0.019; 0.018, 0.019 12. about 26.4; 27; 29
0.1 x 13. about 44.8; 45; 42, 45, 49 14. about 48.1; 50.5; no mode
15. 18; 16.5; 15 16. about 1.5; 1.5; 1.3, 1.5 17. about 9.2; 9;
W X Y Z
Event no mode 18. about 116.2; 116; 114 19. about 4.29; 4.26; 4.25
20. about 32.4; 34; no mode
21.
Practice 12-2
1a. 8.9% 1b. 24.6% 1c. 0.2% 1d. 1.1% 1e. 6.3%
1f. 4.0% 2a. 11.7% 2b. 36.8% 2c. 21.0% 2d. 47.2% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
2e. 14.4% 2f. 16.0% 2g. 48.9% 2h. 51.1% 3. about 22.
58.2% 4. D = drizzle, F = fog without drizzle,
C = cancelled game, P = played game
C
0.8 1000 1125 1250 1375 1500
D 23.
0.2
0.3
P
C 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
0.7
0.3
24.
F 0.7
P 10 20 30 40 50 60

25. 174; 188 26. 346; 368 27. 94; 98 28. 22; 86 random classrooms would be more accurate. 3. The pizza
29a. about 47.4 29b. 47.9 29c. 50.8 restaurant sells to many different groups of people. The class
29d. 44.1, 47.9, 50.8; might not like the same kinds of pizza as the population as a
Q1 Q2 Q3 whole. The poll should be of class members. 4. The people
eating in the restaurant probably are not indicative of the
population as a whole, either geographically or economically.
The poll should be a random sample of the residents, possibly
38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54
a random sample from each phone exchange to include people
from all the different areas of the county. 5. This excludes the
Guided Problem Solving 12-3 people who are working during the day. Contacting randomly
1. 16 2. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20, 22, 38 selected people, either from the phone book or voter
3. Q1 = 6.5, Q2 = median = 8.5, Q3 = 15.5, minimum = 1, registration lists, would be more accurate. 6. This is fairly
maximum = 38 accurate usually. 7. about 44 8. about 2500 9. about 12,346
4. 10. about 27,778 11. 53%; 416%; 37% to 69%
12. 72%; 44%; 68% to 76% 13. 62%; 48%; 54% to 70%
14. 30%; 46%; 24% to 36% 15. 42%; 43%; 39% to 45%
0 10 20 30 40
5. 38 6. Q1 = 6, Q2 = median = 8, Q3 = 15,
x 4. 63%
1. 408 2. 258 3. sample proportion = n
minimum = 1, maximum = 22
7. 5. margin of error = 4 1 6. 5% 7. 58% to 68%
"n
8. 63%; sample proportion; yes 9a. 17.2% 9b. 12.5%
0 10 20 30 9c. 4.7% to 29.7%
8. The main effect of removing the outlier is a shortening of

the long whisker. 9. The median decreases from 8.5 to 8.
Practice 12-6
10. Yes, the answers are correct. 1. 0.5 M 0.125
M
11. 0.5
0.5 F 0.125
M
0.5 M 0.125
0.5 0.5
F F 0.125
67 69 71 73 75 77 0.5
0.5 M 0.125
M
0.5 0.5
Practice 12-4 0.5 F 0.125
F
1. 295.7; 47.4 2. 30.3; 3.2 3. 2.4; 0.1 4. 74.3; 3.9 0.5
0.5 M 0.125
5. 66.8; 33.1 6. 8; 9.5; 4 7. 189; about 109.6; 114.5 F 0.5 F 0.125
8. 15; about 531.4; 6.5 9. 1.7; 2.3; 1.05 10. 4; 46.7; 2
11. 8; 100.5; 2.5 12. 5 13. 3 14a. about 3.49
14b. about 0.55 14c. 1.7 14d. 2; 1 15a. 33 15b. 18.5 1a. 87.5% 1b. 50% 1c. 37.5% 2. the weather outcome on
15c. about 88.2 15d. about 10.5 15e. 3 15f. 2 16. +0.375 a given day, acceptable weather; Check students’ work.
17. +2.75 3. asking a person chosen at random; favoring an early curfew;
Check students’ work. 4. selecting a part; part is defective;
Check students’ work. 5. about 1% 6. about 0.002%
Guided Problem Solving 12-4 7. about 25% 8. about 38%
(x 2 x) 2 9. 0.5
1. s2 5 a n
2
a (x 2 x) 3. 5.5
Å
2. s 5 0.4
Probability
n
4. 6.5, -2.5, -3.5, -1.5, -0.5, 1.5 5. 42.25, 6.25, 12.25, 0.3
0.2
2.25, 0.25, 2.25 6. 6 7. 10.9 8. 3.3 9. The values match.
0.1
10. s2 = 41,000; s = 202.5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Practice 12-5 Number of Successes
1. It is most likely that Sample C was largest since it has the
smallest standard deviation, implying less variation than
Samples A and B. 2. This sample is likely to contain a
disproportionate number of readers. Selecting students in

133
10. 0.5 8.
0.4
Probability
0.3
0.2
0.1 x
8.2 13.4 18.6 23.8 29 34.2 39.4
0
0 1 2 3 9.
Number of Successes
x
11. 0.9 496 556 616 676 736 796 856
0.8
0.7 10.
Probability
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3 x
0.2
17.3 29.6 41.9 54.2 66.5 78.8 91.1
0.1 11. about 34% 12. about 13.5% 13. about 2.5%

0
0 1 2 3 14. about 68% 15. about 16% 16. about 50%
Number of Successes 17a. about 6 students 17b. about 37 students
17c. about 156 students 18a. about 3 nails
12. 0.5 18b. about 82 nails 18c. about 19 nails 19a. about 10%
0.4
Probability
19b. about 5 bags 19c. about 40 bags

0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1. 63 min 2. 4 min 3. 2.5% 4. 13.5% 5. 16% 6. yes
0 1 2 3 4 7. 59 min 8. Yes, the z-score is less than -1. 9. 81.5%
Number of Successes
13a. 68% 13b. 99% 13c. 97% 13d. 84% 14a. 18% 12A: Graphic Organizer
14b. 6% 14c. 56% 1. Probability and Statistics 2. Answers may vary. Sample:
probability distributions, analyzing data, standard deviation,
working with samples 3. Answers may vary. Sample: social
Guided Problem Solving 12-6 science, genetics, market research, recycling 4. Check

1. 99% or 0.99 2. 1% or 0.01 3. nCxpxqn2x 4. n = 10, students’ work.
x = 9 5. 0.0914 or 9.14% 6. n = 10, x = 7 7. 0.0001
or 0.01% 8. There is a malfunction in the machinery that
must be corrected. 9. 0.0042 or 0.42%; Yes, it is between 12B: Reading Comprehension
9.14% and 0.01% 10. 0.25 or 25% 1. how probability is affected by a small number of cases
2. probability of getting heads when tossing a coin
Practice 12-7 3. 12 4. experimental probability
1. 53.3 2. 69.9 3. 36.7 4. 28.4 5. 12 6. b
5.
1. Answers may vary. Sample: -8, 3 2. no 3. yes
x 4. Answers may vary. Sample: -8, 4 5. yes 6. no
59 71 83 95 107 119 131
7. the probability of event R, given event Q 8. Answers may
6. vary. Sample: given that the event that follows takes place
55 70 85 100 115 130 145

x 12D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
1. box-and-whisker plot 2. quartiles 3. mean
7. 4. conditional probability 5. frequency table 6. probability
distribution 7. z-score 8. interquartile range 9. standard
deviation
x
42 48 54 60 66 72 78

12E: Vocabulary Check 3. y 4. y

Median: The middle value in a data set.
Outlier: An item of data with a substantially different value 100° 135°
from the rest of the items in the data set. x x
Sample: Information gathered from only part of a O O
population.
Sample proportion: n x , where x is the number of times an
event occurs in a sample of size n.
Margin of error: An estimate of error of a sample
proportion. 5. y 6. y
12F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle 210° 270°

1. mean 2. outlier 3. quartiles 4. median 5. random x x
sample 6. mode O O
Chapter 13
Practice 13-1 7. y 8. y
1. not periodic 2. periodic; 2 3. periodic; 3 1 4. any two
4 330°
points on the graph whose distance between them is one period;
x x
sample: (0, 2) and (3 1 , 2); 3 1 5. any two points on the graph O O 30°
3 3
whose distance between them is one period; sample: (0, 0) and
(4 1 , 0); 4 1 6. any two points on the graph whose distance
4 4
between them is one period; sample: (0, 2) and (4, 2); 4 7. 2 1 ; 1
8
1 3 2 3 9. y 10. y
8. 3; 2 9. 2; 3 10. 6; 2 8 11. 6; 1 12. 1 ; 1 13. 4; 2
4 3 4
5
14. 5; 1 8 15. 1 ; 2 16. 4; 2 17. 5; 1 18. 2 12 , 1 58
2 1 1
3 2 2 x x
O O
90°
Guided Problem Solving 13-1 190°
1. 0.2 s 2. 0.5 mV 3. Yes; the y-values repeat in a regular
pattern. 4. 5 cycles 5. 5 units 6. 1 sec 7. 1 sec 8. 6 units
9. 3 mV 10. 1.5 mV 11. Check students’ work. 12. The
period is 0.5 s and the amplitude is 1.5 mV. 11. y 12. y
Practice 13-2
1. 2. x x
y y
O O
150° 330°
30° x 60° x
O O
13. y 14. y
315°
x x
O 45° O

135
15. 16. "2 "2

66. (0, 1); (0, 1) 67. a 2 2 , 2 b ; (-0.71, 0.71)
y y
"3
120°
x
68. a212 , 2 b ; (-0.5, 0.87) 69. -60° 70. 120° 71. 315°
x
O O
180°
1. Quadrant I 2. negative 3. positive 4. (cos θ, sin θ)
5. cos θ = -, sin θ = + 6. -; -; +; - 7. II and III
8. II 9. If the terminal side of an angle is in Quadrants I or
17. y 18. y II, then the sine of the angle is positive; otherwise it is not.
If the terminal side of an angle is in Quadrants I or IV, then
145° the cosine of the angle is positive; otherwise it is not.
x x 10. Check students’ work. 11. positive
O O
120° Practice 13-3

p p p 5p 4p 3p
1. 4 2. 2 3. 6 4. 6 5. p 6. 3 7. 2
5p 10p
19. 20. 8. 3 9. 2p 10. 2p
9
11. 4p
9
12. 11p
18
13. 8p
9
14. 9
y y
11p
15. 9 16. 180° 17. 360° 18. 150° 19. 135° 20. 270°
x 21. 30° 22. 210° 23. 330° 24. 60° 25. 240° 26. 225°
"3
O O x
145° 355° 27. 315° 28. 120° 29. 20° 30. 40° 31. 2 ; 12
"3 "2 "2
32. 12 ; 2 33. 2 2 ; 2 2 34. 2 2 2
"2 "2
"3 "3 "3 1

21. 260° 22. 300° 23. 135° 24. 215° 25. 12° 26. 345° 35. 2 2 ; 12 36. 2 21; 2 2 37. 2 ; 2 2
27. 122° 28. 124° 29. 340° 30. 61° 31. 49° 32. 322°
33. 16° 34. 150° 35. 27° 36. 30° 37. 300° 38. 80° 1 "3
39. 190° 40. 10° 41. 20° 42. 98° 43. 120° 44. 46° 38. 2 2 ; 2 39. 11.0 in. 40. 39.8 cm 41. 10.5 cm

45. 240° 46. 100° 47. 138° 48. 30° 49. 233° 50. 17° 42. 92.2 cm 43. 2.1 ft 44. 15.7 m 45. about 17.8 in.
"2 "2
51. a 2 , 2 b ; (0.71, 0.71) 46. 1.2 m
"2 "2
52. a 2 2 , 2 2 b ; (-0.71, -0.71)
"2 "2
53. a 2 2 , 2 b ; (-0.71, 0.71) + +
1. 24 2. 360º 3. 360
24
5 30 5 15 + 4. 2π radians
2
"2
54. a 2 , 2 "2 b ; (0.71, -0.71)
2p p p
5. 24 5 12 radians 6. 12 radians
2
p 5 330p < 1036.7 mi 8. p radians
"3 "3 7. 3960 ? 12
55. a 2 , 2 12 b ; (0.87, -0.5) 56. a 2 , 21 b ; (0.87, 0.5) p 395p
12
9. 1580 ? 12 5 3 < 413.6 mi 10. C = 2π (3960)
"3
57. a 2 2 , 12 b ; (-0.87, 0.5) 24,881 mi;
24,881
1036.7 mi 11. C = 2π (1580) 9927 mi;
24
"3 9927 413.6 mi 12. more; Check students’ work. 13. 8 o’clock
58. a 2 2 , 2 12 b ; (-0.87, -0.5) 24
"3 "3
59. a 12 , 2 2 b ; (0.5, -0.87) 60. a 12 , 2 b ; (0.5, 0.87) Practice 13-4
"3 "3 1. 4; 2p; y = 4 sin u 2. 1.5; p
61. a 2 12 , 2 2 b ; (-0.5, -0.87) 62. a212 , 2 b ; (-0.5, 0.87)
; y = 1.5 sin 4u
2
3. 2; 3p; y = -2 sin 32 u 4. 1; 6p; y = sin 13 u
63. (0, -1); (0, -1) 64. (1, 0); (1, 0) 65. (1, 0); (1, 0)
5. 2.5; p; y = -2.5 sin 2u 6. 4; p; y = -4 sin 2u

7. y ; y = 2 sin 2u 14. y
2 2
u u
O p p 3p O p p 3p
2 2 2 2
2 2
8. y ; y = 3 sin u 15. y
2 2
u u
O p 2p 3p O p p 3p
2 2
2 2
9. y ; y = 2 sin 4u 16. y
2 4
u u
O p p 3p O p 2p 3p
4 2 4
2 4
10. y ; y = 2 sin 8u 17. y

2 2
u u
O p p 3p O p p 3p
8 4 8 2 2
2 2
11. y ; y = 1.5 sin 6u 18. y

2 4
u u
O p p p O p 2p p
6 3 8 3 3
2 4
12. y ; y = 2.5 sin u 19. y

2 4
u u
O p 2p 3p O p p 3p
2 2
2 4
13. y 20.
2 y
4
u u
O p 2p 3p O p 2p 3p
5 5 5
2 4

137
21. y 6. y
4 2
u
O p 2p 3p u O 2 4 6
4 2
22. about -0.1 23. about 0.2 24. about 0.2 25. 0.3 7. y
26. about 0.1 27. about 0.2 28. -0.3 29. about -0.2 2
u
Guided Problem Solving 13-4 O p 2p 3p
1. the sound wave for the note A above middle C 2
2. 0.001; 880π 3. the amplitude 4. the number of cycles in
0 to 2π 5. period = 2p 6. 0.001 7. 2p 8. 1 9. 880π 8.
b 880p 440 y
10. Answers may vary. 11. 480; 1 4

u
Practice 13-5 O p p 3p
1. 2 2
y 4
2
u 9. y
O p 2p 3p 2
2 u
O p 2p 3p
2. y
2 2
u 10. y
O 2 4 6 4
2 u

O p p 3p
2 2
3. y 4
4
u 11. y
O p 2p 3p 4
4 u
O 2 4 6
4. y 4
2
u 12. y
O p 2p 3p 2
2 u
O 2 4 6
5. y 2
4
u 13. y
O p 2p 3p 2
4 u
O p p 3p
2 2
2

14. y 12. y
4 4
u
O 2 4 6 O p p 3p u
2 2
4 4
15. y 13. y
4 4
u
O 2 4 6 O p p 3p u
2 2
4 4
14.
16. y = 6 cos 2p t 17. y = -5 cos u 4
y
5
18. y = 4 cos 2u 19. y = 3 cos 4u 20. 2p; 1; p; 0, 2p; p , 3p

2 2 p p 3p
O u
21. p; 4; 0, p, 2p; p , 3p ; p , 3p , 5p , 7p 4 2 4
2 2 4 4 4 4
4
22. 2p; 5; p; 0, 2p; p , 3p 23. 0.24, 1.85, 2.34, 3.95, 4.43, 6.04
2 2
24. 2.36 25. 1.00, 3.00, 5.00 26. 1.34 27. 0.84, 5.44 28. 0 15. y
4
29. 2.67, 5.33 30. 4.19 31. 3.14 32. y = 2p cos 2pu
u
33. y = 21 cos 2u O p p 3p
2 2
4
1. 7 ft 2. 5.5 ft 3. 1.5 ft 4. 12 h 22 min 5. 742 min 16. y
2p
6. y 5 1.5 cos 742 t 7. less 8. y = -0.5 9. 225.632, 4
516.368, 967.632, 1258.368 10. 12:17 A.M.- 7:49 A.M.,
12:39 P.M.- 8:11 P.M. 11. Answers may vary. O p p 3p u

2p
12. y 5 2 cos 720 t 4 2 4
4
Practice 13-6
17. y
1. p; p , 3p 2. 2p; p 3. 4p; 2p 4. p ; p , 3p , 5p , 7p
2 2
4
2 4 4 4 4
1 3 5 7 9 11 p p 3p 5p 7p u
5. 2; 1, 3, 5 6. 1; 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 7. 2 ; 4 , 4 , 4 , 4
O 1 2 3
8. p; p , 3p 9. 1; 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 11
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4
10. y
4 18. y
4
u
u
O p p 3p
2 2 O p p
4 6 3
4
11. y
4 19. y
4
u
u
O p p 3p
2 2 O p p 3p
4 4 2 4
4

139
20. y 28. p
4
29. p 30. 2p 31. undefined 32. 1 33. -1
4
34. undefined
35. ; 200, undefined, -2200
O 1 2 3 u
4
21. y
4
Xmin=0 Ymin=–300
O 1 1 3 u Xmax=470 Ymax=300
4 2 4
Xscl=50 Yscl=100
4
36. ; -14.9, -31.1, -50.1
22. y
4

O p p 3p u
8 4 8
4
Xmin=0 Ymin=–300
Xmax=470 Ymax=300
23. y Xscl=50 Yscl=100
4
37. ; -50, undefined, 50
O p p p u
6 3 2
4
24. y
4
Xmin=0 Ymin=–300
Xmax=470 Ymax=300

O 1 1 3 u Xscl=50 Yscl=100
8 4 8
4 Guided Problem Solving 13-6
1. θ is the measure of one of the base angles of the isosceles
25. y triangular tiles 2. 140.4 ft2
4 3. y
O p 3p u 4
p
2 2

4
O 30 60
26. 4. about 1.732 in. 5. about 5.196 in.2 6. about 15.588 in.2
y
4 7. 20,217.6 in.2 8. 3891; 1297 9. 27.714; 3891; fewer.
10. 3216
u
O 3 3 9
2 2 Practice 13-7
4 1. y
2
27. y x
4
O p p 3p
u 2 2
O p p 3p 2
8 4 8
4

2. y 9. y
4 2
x x
O p p 3p O p p 3p
2 2 2 2
4 2
3. y 10. y
2 4
x x
O p p 3p O p p 3p
2 2 2 2
2 4
4. y 11. y
2 2
x x
O p p 3p O p p 3p
2 2 2 2
2 2
5. y 12. y
2 2
x x
O p p 3p O p p 3p
2 2 2 2
2 2
6. y 13. y
2 4
x
O p p 3p O p p 3p x
2 2 2 2
2 4
7. y 14. y
4 2
x x
O p p 3p O p p 3p
2 2 2 2
4 2
8. y 15. y
2 2
x x
O p p 3p O p p 3p
2 2 2 2
2 2
16. y = sin x - 2 17. y = cos (x + p) 18. y = cos x + p

4
19. y = sin (x - 3.2) 20. 3; 2p; none; 2 units up
21. 2; 2p; p
2
units left; none 22. 1; p; none; 1 unit up
23. 1; 2p; p
3
units right; none 24. 1 ; 2p; none; 3 units down
2

141
25. 1; 4p; none; 2 units down Practice 13-8

26. y
1. 0.86 2. 2 3. -1.10 4. -1 5. undefined 6. -1.07
4 7. 0.58 8. 14.14 9. -1.00 10. undefined 11. -1.01
2" 3
x 12. 1.41 13. "2; 1.41 14. undefined 15. 3 ; 1.15
O 2 4 16. 2 17. undefined 18. - "2 ; -1.41 19. undefined 20. 1
4 2" 3 2" 3
21. undefined 22. 3
; 1.15 23. -
3
; -1.15 24. 2
27. y 25. 23 26. 25 27. 10

7
28. - 32
2
29. y
2 4 2
O x
u
2 O p p 3p
2 2
2

28. y
4
2 30. y
x 2
O 2 4
2 u
4 O p p 3p
2 2
2
29 y
2
31. y
2 4 2
O x
u
2 O p p 3p
2 2
30. 2
y
2

32. y
x 2
O 2 4
u
2 O p p 3p
2 2
31. 2
y
4
33. y
x 2
O 2 4
u
4 O p p 3p
2 2
2
32. -2; 2 units to the left 33. 1; 1 unit to the right
34. -1.5; 1.5 units to the left 35. 1; 1 unit to the right
34. y
36. p2 , p2 units to the right 37. -p; p units to the left 4
u
Guided Problem Solving 13-7 O p p 3p
2 2
1. cosine graph and sine graph 2. horizontal 3. p2 units 4
4. right 5. positive; p2 6. sin x 5 cos (x 2 p2 ) 7. left
8. negative; -p2 9. cos x 5 sin (x 1 p2 ) 10. Answers may
vary. 11. p2 12. T 5 65 sin (12 p
x 1 p2 ) 1 6

35. y 13A: Graphic Organizer

2
1. Periodic Functions and Trigonometry 2. Answers may
u vary. Sample: exploring periodic data, angles and the unit
O p p 3p circle, radian measure, sine function, cosine function, tangent
2 2 function 3. Check students’ work.
2
36.
13B: Reading Comprehension
y
2 1. converting between two units of angle measure:
degrees and radians 2. the meaning of a radian: 2p radians
u a complete circle, or 360° 3. 30° and 60° 4. 1 5. p 6. a
O p 3p 2 2
p
2 2
2
1. p 2. pi 3. S 4. sigma 5. p 6. u 7. theta
37. y
2 13D: Visual Vocabulary Practice
u 1. sine function 2. secant 3. phase shift 4. cosecant

O p p 3p 5. coterminal angles 6. cosine function 7. periodic function
2 2 8. cotangent 9. unit circle
2
38. 1.73 39. undefined 40. 0.36 41. -5.76 Periodic function: Repeats a pattern of y-values at regular
42. 1.56 43. 1.02 44. 2.75 45. -2 intervals.
46a. y Cosine θ : The x-coordinate of the point at which the terminal
10 side of the angle θ intersects the unit circle.
Central angle: An angle whose vertex is at the center of a
t circle.
O 1 1 3 Intercepted arc: The portion of a circle whose endpoints are
2 2
10 on the sides of a central angle of the circle and whose
remaining points lie in the interior angle.
Radian: The measure of a central angle of a circle that
46b. about 14.14 ft 46c. 10 ft intercepts an arc of equal length to a radius of the circle.
Guided Problem Solving 13-8 13F: Vocabulary Review Puzzle

1. cotangent and tangent 1. amplitude 2. clockwise 3. cosine 4. cycle 5. period
2. 6. sine 7. tangent
y
2 C T C N E T W E A
x L N R Y I D N M M
π π
2π O E N D C I P T I
C G R E S L O R E
K N I O I Z E W P
W A C T Y E I S S
3. Domain is all real numbers except odd multiples of p2 ; range I T U W N R E R U
is all real numbers; asymptotes occur every π units at x = . . . S D P E R I O D E
-3p p p 3p
2 , - 2 , 2 , 2 , . . . 4. Domain is all real numbers except E T I N U O O Y I
multiples of p; range is all real numbers; asymptotes occur every
π units at x = . . ., -π, 0, π, 2π, 3π... 5. The graphs have the
same period and range. 6. Their asymptotes are shifted by p2 .
7. x = p4 ; x = 5p p 5p
4 8. Check students’ work. 9. x = 2 ; x = 2

143
16. d = 5.1; &F = 11.3°; &E = 78.7°

Chapter 14 17. 771.7 ft 18. 270.9 ft 19a. 3.8° 19b. 4.8° 19c. 2.4°
3"13
19d. 5.1° 19e. 7.2° 19f. 11.2° 20a. 13 ; 0.8
Practice 14-1
1.–18. Answers will vary 19. -tan2 u 20. csc u 21. sec u 2"13
20b. 32 ; 1.5 20c. 13
; 0.6 20d. 2 ; 0.7
3
22. cos u 23. 1 24. cos2 u 25. 1 26. csc u 27. sin u
28. 1 29. sec2 u 30. csc u 31. 1 32. 1 33. -1 34. cos u "13 "13
20e. 3
; 1.2 20f.
3
; 1.2 21. 45° 22. 60° 23. 60°
Guided Problem Solving 14-1 24. 18.9° 25. 36.9° 26. 45° 27. 66.4° 28. 73.0° 29. 48.6°
30. 26.6° 31. 85.2° 32. 6.0°
1. To verify an identity, you should transform one side of the
equation until it is the same as the other side.
2
sin u ; cotu 5 cos u 3. a sinu b or sin u 2 Guided Problem Solving 14-3
2. tan u 5 cos u cos u
sin u cos 2u 1. 90 ft 2. 60.5 ft 3. x2 5 902 1 902 4. x 127.28 ft
4. (1 2 cos 2u) a sin 2ub 5. sin 2u 2 sin 2u cos 2u
6 8. θ 3.4°
5. about 67 ft 6. 6 ft 7. tan u 5 100
cos 2u

6. sin 2u; sin2u cos 2u 7. tan 2u 2 sin 2u 8. Yes, it verifies. 9. Yes, the answers are reasonable. 10. 100.6 ft
9. sin2ucsc2u 2 sin2u 5 sin2u(csc2u 2 1) 5 sin2u(cot2u)
Practice 14-4
5 sin 2ua cos 2 u b 5 cos 2u
2
sin u 1. 14.9° 2. 15.9 3. 15.0 4. 43.9° 5. 136.6 6. 32.6°
7. 27.8° 8. 14.8 9. 11.5 10. 38.2° 11. 12.8° 12. 90.4
13. 32.0° 14. 30.0 15. 69.8 in2 16. 33.3 ft2 17. 1.7 cm2
Practice 14-2 18. 164.4 in.2 19. 1025.5 ft 20. 2542.4 yd and 1866.4 yd
3p 7p p 5p 5p 7p p 4p
1. 4 , 4 2. 3 , 3 3. 6 , 6 4. 3 , 3 5. 0.85, 2.29
5p 7p 2p 4p p 2p
6. 3.99, 5.44 7. 6 , 6 , 3 , 3 8. 0, 3 , 3 , p
1. triangle with two equal sides 2. 180°
p 3p 2p 4p p 5p
9. 2 , 2 , 3 , 3 10. 0.93, 5.36 11. 0, 3 , 3 , p 3. x° 1 x° 1 85.9° 5 180° 4. x = 47.05; 47.05°
47.05° 5 sin 85.9°
3p 7p p 5p p 5p 5. sin 150 c 6. c = 204; 204 ft 7. Yes, the
12. 0, 4 , p, 4 13. 0, 3 , 3 14. 0, 4 , p, 4
answers check. 8. 31.1 yd
15a. 15.7° 15b. 11.5° 16. 1.19 + 2pn, 4.33 + 2pn
17. 0.85 + 2pn, 2.29 + 2pn 18. 1.81 + 2pn, 4.47 + 2pn

19. 1.10 + 2pn, 5.18 + 2pn Practice 14-5
20. 45° + n ? 360°, 135° + n ? 360° 1. 5.3 2. 3.1 3. 43.0° 4. 12.5 5. 21.8° 6. 35.9° 7. 18.5
21. 45° + n ? 360°, 225° + n ? 360° 8. 32.5° 9. 439.3 10. 72.5° 11. 5.8 12. 3.2 13. 14.5
22. 45° + n ? 360°, 315° + n ? 360° 23. 90° + n ? 360° 14. 15.2 15. 77.9 16. 18.2° 17. 66.7° 18. 102.4° 19. 28.7°
24. p 25. p , 3p 20. 73.4° 21. 70.3° 22. 28.7 mi
2 2

1. I = the current in amps 2. t = seconds 1. 85 mi 2. 20 mi 3. 65 mi 4. 20 mi
I ; sin21 I ; 1 sin21 I 4. t = 0.0028 5. 0.0028 sec
3. 40 5. d2 5 652 1 202 2 2(65)(20)cos10° 6. d 45.4;
40 60p 40
6. t = -0.0028 7. 601 1 0.0028 < 0.019 sec 8. Yes, check about 45.4 mi 7. sin10° 5 sinx° ; x 14.4° or x
45.4 65
180° -14.4° = 165.6° 8. Turn 14.4° left. 9. 4.4° 10. Yes,
the answers. 9. 0.0045 sec; 0.0212 sec
the answers are reasonable. 11. 8.7 mi
Practice 14-3 Practice 14-6

1. 4 2. 3 3. 3 4. 43 5. 3 6. 5 7. 53 8. 4 "3 2"6 2 "2 "6 1 "2
5 5 4 4 4 5 1. 2 2 2. "3 3. 4
4. 4
9. d = 17; &F = 28.1°; &E = 61.9°
"6 2 "2 "2 "2
10. e = 1.7; &F = 30°; &E = 60° 5. 4
6. 2 7. 2 2 8. 1 9. "3
11. d = 2.2; &F = 26.6°; &E = 63.4°
"3 "3
12. d = 2.2; &F = 63.4°; &E = 26.6° 10. 2 11. 2 12. 22 2 "3
13. f = 500; &F = 0.1°; &E = 89.9°
14. f = 19.4; &F = 67.6°; &E = 22.4° 13.–16. Answers may vary 17. cot A 18. sin A
15. f = 10.4; &F = 60°; &E = 30°

p 5p p 5p 7p 11p Using Inverses: evaluate inverses of trigonometric functions

19. 6 , 6 20. p 21. 4 , 4 22. 0, p, 6 , 6
and solve trigonometric equations; Right Triangles and
23. p , 7p 24. 0 25. No solution 26. 0, 2p , p, 4p
6 6
Trigonometric Ratios: find lengths of sides, and the measures
3 3 of angles of right triangles; Area and the Law of Sines: find the
p 5p p , 3p "
27. 3 , 3 28. 2 2 29. 1 30. -1 31. 0 32. 2
area of any triangle and use the Law of Sines; Law of Cosines:
2 use the Law of Cosines in finding the area of a triangle; Angle
Identities: verify angle identities, and sum and difference
identities; Double-Angle and Half-Angle Identities: verify
Guided Problem Solving 14-6 double- and half-angle identities
1. 10cos(u 1 60°) 2. 10sin(u 1 60°)
3. cos(A 1 B) 5 cosAcosB 2 sinAsinB 14B: Reading Comprehension
4. 10cos(u 1 60°) =10(cosucos60° 2 sinusin60°) 1. early history of trigonometry
5. 5cosu 2 5"3sinu 2. 150 A.D. 3. 1600 B.C. 4. Hipparchus, Ptolemy, Menelaus,
6. sin(A 1 B) 5 sinAcosB 1 cosAsinB Copernicus 5. astronomy 6. b
7. 10sin(u 1 60°) =10(sinucos60° 1 cosusin60°)
8. 5sinu 1 5"3cosu
9. (5cosu 2 5"3sinu, 5sinu 1 5"3cosu) 1. 25 2. -25 3. 12 4. 14 5. 14 6. x + 5

10. Yes, the coordinates are the same.
11. sin 3θ 7. p
6
1 2pn and 5p 1 2pn
6
Practice 14-7 14D: Visual Vocabulary Practice

"2 7"2 5"2 5"34
1. 10 2. 10 3. 7 4. 5"2 5. 7 6. 71 7. 34
1. cosine 2. secant 3. cotangent 4. trigonometric identity
5. Law of Sines 6. Transitive Property of Equality 7. Law
3"34 "34 "34 of Cosines 8. cosecant 9. sine function
8. 2 34 9. 2 3 10. 2 53 11. 12. 2 3
5 5
"3 "3
13.–20. Answers may vary. 21. 2 22. "3 23. 2 2 14E: Vocabulary Check
"3
Trigonometric identity: A trigonometric equation that is
24. 12 25. Undefined 26. 0 27. 2"3 28. 2 2 true for all values except those for which an expression on
either side of the equal sign is undefined.
#2 1 "2 1 !3
29. 2"3 30. "2 1 !3 31. 2
Radian: The measure of a central angle of a circle that
2 intercepts an arc equal in length to a radius of the circle.

2 2 "2 1 !3 #2 2 "2 1 !3 Function: A relation in which each element of the domain is
Å 2 1 "2 1 !3
32. 33. 2 paired with exactly one element of the range.
"2 2 2 "2 #2 1 "2
Tangent function: A function that matches the measure θ of
Å 2 1 "2
34. 2 35. 36. 2
37. 1 38. 0 an angle in standard position with the y-coordinate of the point
at which the line containing the terminal side of a central angle
of the unit circle intersects the tangent line x = 1.
Guided Problem Solving 14-7 Trigonometric ratios for a right triangle: The six
1. sin2u 5 2sinucosu 2. cos2u 5 cos2u 2 sin2u or different ratios of the sides of a right triangle.
cos2u 5 2cos2u 2 1 or cos2u 5 1 2 2sin2u 3. 2sinucosu
4. 8sinucosu 5. 8sinu 2 3 6. 8sinu 2 3 14F: Vocabulary Review
7. u 5 p , 3p , 0.384, 2.758 8. Yes, the answers check.
2 2
1. h, i 2. e 3. c, g 4. d, f 5. b 6. a 7. m 8. k 9. j 10. l
9. 2cos2u 2 cosu 2 1 5 0; u 5 0, 2p , 4p
3 3

1. Trigonometric Identities and Equations 2. Answers may
vary. Sample: trigonometric identities, solving trigonometric
equations using inverses, right triangles and trigonometric
ratios, area and the laws of sines, the law of cosines
3. Answers may vary. Sample: physics, construction, surveying,
sailing 4. Check students’ work. Chapter: Trigonometric
Identities and Equations; Trigonometric Identities: verify
trigonometric identities; Solving Trigonometric Equations

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Algebra 2: All-In-One Answers (continued)

23. 186 24. 25 25. 0 26. -25

Practice 1-1 Guided Problem Solving 1-2

Guided Problem Solving 1-1 4. x 5 9 g 2 3; no restrictions

natural number. 5. Answers may vary. Sample: 0 is a whole 16. 19 17. 15 2

All-In-One Answers Algebra 2 75

654321 0 1 2 3 4 17. x -1 and x 2, or -1 x 2

987654321 0 1 18. at least $4500

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6. all real numbers

76 Algebra 2 All-In-One Answers

9. b 2 32 and b 12 , or 2 23 b 12 7. Answers may vary.; The experimental probability is expect-

54321 0 1 2 3 4 5 10c. 1 10d. 3

All-In-One Answers Algebra 2 77

1E: Vocabulary Check 10. y ; domain: {0.5};

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78 Algebra 2 All-In-One Answers

15. 4x + y = 10 16. 2x - 5y = -17 17. y = -4 Guided Problem Solving 2-3

24. x = -3; 25. y = 1; 6

6. yes; -4 7. no 8. yes; 3 9. no 10. yes; 3 11. no x

16. y 5 13 x 17. y = -6x 18. y = -18x 19. y 5 3 x 4

All-In-One Answers Algebra 2 79

10a. y 11. y 12. y

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80 Algebra 2 All-In-One Answers

Guided Problem Solving 2-5 3. vertical; 4. combined;

All-In-One Answers Algebra 2 81

24. y 17. y 18. y

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82 Algebra 2 All-In-One Answers

29b. 200 2D: Visual Vocabulary Practice

x-coordinate of that point).

Guided Problem Solving 2-7 E N

2A: Graphic Organizer Chapter 3

Sample: linear equations, direct variation, absolute value

2C: Reading/Writing Math Symbols Guided Problem Solving 3-1

All-In-One Answers Algebra 2 83

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84 Algebra 2 All-In-One Answers

x1y$6 19. y 20. y

Solutions correspond to points in shaded region with integer 2 2

Guided Problem Solving 3-3

All-In-One Answers Algebra 2 85

Practice 3-4 6. y ; (0, 0)

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86 Algebra 2 All-In-One Answers

All-In-One Answers Algebra 2 87

17. (0, 0, 0) 18. (0, 0, 1) 19. (0, 2, 0) 20. (3, 0, 0) 28. z

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88 Algebra 2 All-In-One Answers

All-In-One Answers Algebra 2 89

39. -4x + 2y = 8, -4x - 4z = 8, 2y - 4z = 8; 42. 7x - 3y = 21, 7x + 7z = 21, -3y + 7z = 21;

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90 Algebra 2 All-In-One Answers

Practice 3-6 3E: Vocabulary Check