Hydrogen Bonding

attraction
The weak of
Electrostatic force
positive charged Hydrogen
between partially
E N atom like NO F
of same
Cy more
molecule adjacent molecule

Eng Inst
y
x

Cy
Batu
I t
strong EN atom
good
EN atom

F H
Munn 1
H tf F 7 o H H
he 177 ne t
factors depend on a size
b EN
 a O
H O

c
mm
N
D N M
H N
O
É
Bond to 40 Kilmore
Energy for Hydrogen
10

bonding
Intermolecular H B Intramolecular H B

a
a
partial positive req Partially positive H
ENatoms belongs 4 EN atom belongs
to separate molecules to same molecule

b more Bp Mp b Lees MP Bp

c
more acidic Cohen acidic

has volatile D more volatile

E Lees Entropy
E more entropy

F In molecule F In mole
 at
g at ortho
g
meta para post of
Intermolecular Hyde Intramolecular
bonding is observed Hyde Bonding

facts of H
bonding
1
Hyon is liquid due to H Bonding
but Has Hate Hate are
gases
due to absence of Hyd bonding

2 H2O HF liq due to inter H bonding

Has H d H bandh
 g ze
3
HF HE have
Bp of H2o even
though
H B because tho has more no
stronger
molecule
of Hydrogen Bonding per
ME Enists as Hexamer

no in tho is 4
of Hydrogen Bonding
A die d water due to inter molecular
Hydrogen bonding

open cage like

Ice structure
IT diced so ice
float
on water

Bolingpoint meltingpoint
Moot T V T B PA
as
of
BP H CK H BR H IL HF
BP Has Hasek Hates H2O
BP PH As Hgh NHS SbHz Bitty

MP HCL H FL HI
MBK
H2O has more Heat
capacity due to
Hydrogen Bonding

xx
MNXizdTW
9 HF is combined to its salt KF
due to intermolecular H
bonding

HF T K F KHE Kt É H F

Hel Kel X
H Brt KBr X
H I t KI X

Bond Parameters

a Bond D Bond Order

length
b Band
Energy
c Bond
angle
a Bond length

The Internuclear distance between two

bended alongs
covalent comp B
G
polar covalent
comp
dA N PO09HA
WW
B Y

YA G XB are

Electronegativity
factors effecting B L

Size atom
a
of an

size X B L

H F CL CL Br Br I I
H FL

H FL H CL L H B L H I
 2 d I BL
Bondmultiplicity
NEN 20 0 L F F

3
Hybridisation
moles char more EN ten B L

CHECK I CH ch
g I ere Chan
Z
3
sp sp sp

nayau
Bond Bond dissociation
Energy Energy

Min amount of Energy req to break

a
particular bond into its gaseous atom
cos
he minimumamount of Energy needed to
decompose bond cloud bet two atoms
for mole of molec into gaseous state
 H H 24 BDE 436 KT mole
0 0 20 BDE 496 KT mole
NEN IN BDE 945 KJ mole

Ange Bond dissociation Energy

In case molecule need to
of polyatomic
calc Bond Energy
age
H
Ange BE
HIGH atbytd_

on H Aah 502kg
Eg nay cg cg
cg
one
oat ng
h
AX DE 929 4615
2
 factors Effecting BD E

a Bond length BEL B n

b
Lp Lp rep Best ep ep rep
B DE Cla Bra Fa Is
a which
of the
following shows
BE
High
a S s b Se se 40 O D Tete

3 HCl H Br
size MF
Beal HI
size
3 Bond
angle
bet two adjacent bonds with a
Angle
central atom in a molecule mole
species
 Ébond
angle
Bond on factors
angle depend
a state of Hybridisation geometry
CHA BE Beck
t t t
109028 1200 180

tnt the
no
of lp lp on cA

CH Sp3 Olp 1090281

1070
NH3 Sp3 Alp
1040
H2O Sp Llp
 3
Electronegativity
a E N on Central metal atom

NH3 PH ASH Sb Hz BiH

it is
H M
H
M

more to
rep rep
b EN On atom
surrounding
L
NFz Mays MBB N Iz

N
F E I
E I
ILL
4 doublebondch aracter

More is the Bo more is B A due

to
rep
PH 2 PF due to Back
bonding
O BFz Belz BBB BI 9
arrange
Order Bond
of angle
I BF 1343 BBY BIZ
IT BE L B 432 BBB BIZ
Tic BF B 43 BBB BIZ
IV BI BBB Belz BE
 3 Bond Order
no bonds
of in present btw two
bonded atoms a molecule

No Bonds NE 3
a
of 2
02
CH ICH 3
BO
factors Effecting
1 Resonance structures

bonds bet tooo atoms in

BO no
of
noynnanus.tw Possible structures
all

W
o 0 3 1.5

f
2
o
f o
 a Compare B L in

a Cost b CO C CO

É É É

o
1.33
O É
I

cop Co Ko 6 0 8
CO CEO

CEO

Dipole moment
Dipole moment is measure
of
polarity of bond
Dipole moment can
Express Quantitatively
and distance bet them
charge

É of msd
units of dipolemoment DebyeCD
30
ID 33 10 cm

D
ID 1048 esteem

When
yoFNonpolarmolecty
440 polar molecule
Beck
a
Bey
MD
 BE3
F
I
B off
FL I s F

I
Winimmate
My
Mes ul tant
di mo me n t
pole
CH 4 0
y

P CI g 4 0 CL
CL
9 0
U P
Cl

cc
 SE MI

I
IE
H
INE I F
H F

1MO28T
Kited
M of NH3 NF
i as
fludine
dipole moment opposed by lone
but in case of
pair of Nitrogen
MHz Hyd dipole moment alligned
with lone
pair
40 18600
4
MY E
re
dipole moment In Organic molecules
Cl

EI E
D
E no
M O do
a

th MIO

it
ftp.gihg.n

8
3

d the following in increasing

Arrange
order
of dipole moment

ii 3
Ei
CL CA
1 2
ÉÉa
ÉÉi

É c

77276 4 3 1 5

Orders
I HCL HI
HF HBO

2 H2O Has Hase Hate

3 CHz CL CHz F CM Bo CHz I

H Cons d 845 47 CG Hs Br Co AFI

s Chad Crack Cheb CCly

 moment
Application of dipole

a
finding a polarity in molecule
b 4 0
nonpolar molecule
440 molecule
polar

finding Geometry ofa mole

o
linear
o
Elpotheny
0
4
nonpolar

3
Icl offend
10
Ionicy yycInic XA XB 35

XA XB

YA XB Entro
 g g
Dipolemoment of Hd is 1020
its Bond
and length is 125A
find a Ionic 1
b Partial charge
fractional charge

Mca Seal X deal

18 15 esu 125 108 cm

1
6 10 Sera em

Khe
Ionic 100
Mogg doo
181
171

Partial charge
y Sad

1 02 8 1.25 108
 102 1048Esu cm 8 1.25 108
10
4 102 1018 0 8 10
8
8 102 10

Fractional Partial charge

charge
one
charge
0.17
fÉ
Bentley
more en alone occupies at axial
more EN atone more P
path
char cter
me

for bonding
 0252 H2O which has
long
Peroxy bond

H
f
O O

O O
H
F

as
Haralongatcybond
F is more e
so it m and more

P character
of Oxygen fr o F
bonding
but Hydrogen has ten en
taking
her orbital so more co o
 19 I 1
Back bonding

Lessen atoms donate lone

Generally
to more
atom but EN
pair
in some cases more til atom share
Elections back to her EN along
this is called Back
bonding
D Eo
F
2
BE
I
B

F F

BE NH3 BBK MHz

Not Back Bonding is a

temporary
bend
BE 1343 BBB BIZ
sp sp sp sp
overlapping overlapping
strong weak

1
un
3 finding um

Sitz sits
in y
CH3 Backbend
CH3
Cry Sitz
a Planar
Pyramidal shape atriagonal
b
spMto sp
e

D B 1
polar 4 0 nonpolar
0 B 0 4 1 33
3