Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya

Nud (Samba)
Session : 2023-24

𝙲𝙷𝙴𝙼𝙸𝚂𝚃𝚁𝚈 𝙸𝙽𝚅𝙴𝚂𝚃𝙸𝙶𝙰𝚃𝙾𝚁𝚈 𝙿𝚁𝙾𝙹𝙴𝙲𝚃

SUBMITTED BY :
NAME : RISHIKESH
CLASS : XII
ROLL NO. :
SUBMITTED TO : MRs. VANDANA SHARMA
( PGT CHEMISTRY)
 INDEX

S. No. Title Page No.

1 Certificate 1

2 Acknowledgment 2

3 Introduction 3-4

4 Experiment 5-7

5 Test for Minerals 7-10

6 Result 10

7 Conclusion 11-12

8 Bibliography 12
 CERTIFICATE
It is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine
investigation work has been carried out to investigate
about the subject matter and the related data collection
and investigation has been completed sincerely and
satisfactorily by Rishikesh of Class XII A, Jawahar
Navodaya vidyalaya Nud ( Samba) , regarding project
titled “To detect the presence of minerals in fruit Juices”.

Teacher signature :

Principal signature :

Examiner signature :

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to express a deep sense of thanks &
gratitude to my project guide Mrs. Vandana Sharma for
guiding me immensely through the course of the project.
She always evinced keen interest in my work. His
constructive advice & constant motivation have been
responsible for the successful completion of this project.

My sincere thanks go to Shri Sunit kumar Gupta, Our

principal sir, for his co-ordination in extending every
possible support for the completion of this project.

I also thanks to my parents for their motivation &

support. I must thanks to my classmates for their timely
help & support for compilation of this project.
Last but not the least; I would like to thank all those who
had helped directly or indirectly towards the completion
of this project.

INTRODUCTION

Our body needs important nutrients to support its

healthy condition that is why it is imperative that our
food consumption should include healthy foods that
contain good amount of nutrients sufficient enough to
supply our body with its required daily nutrition.
Nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins,
minerals, etc. are play vital and specific role to develop
and sustain body.

This project deals with finding out various constituents

and compositions of fruits. Analyzing the type of nutrient
present in a food item helps plan a balanced diet. A
balanced diet can be prepared according to the energy
requirement which varies depending on age, sex, size,
metabolic rate and activity level.
Following is a brief note on the nutrients:

MINERALS : Dietary minerals are the chemical

elements required by living organisms, other than the
four elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen
that are present in nearly all organic molecules.

CALCIUM : It is a common electrolyte, but also

needed structurally (for muscle and digestive system
health, bone strength, some forms neutralize acidity)
may help clear toxins, provides signaling ions for nerve
and membrane functions.

MAGNESIUM : It is required for processing ATP

and related reactions (builds bone, causes strong
peristalsis, increases flexibility, increases alkalinity).

PHOSPHORUS : It is a required component of

bones, essential for energy processing prevent anemia.

EXPERIMENT

AIM :
To detect the presence of minerals in fruit Juices

MATERIALS REQUIRED :
• Fruit juices
• Test tubes
• Beakers
 • Conical Flask
• Tripod Stand
• Wire Gauge
• Bunsen Burner

CHEMICALS REQUIRED :
• Potassium Hydroxide(KOH)
• Potassium pyroantimonate
• 2,4,6 trinitrophenol(Picric acid)
• Ammonium hydroxide
• Ammonium oxalate
• Ammonium phosphate
• Concentrated nitric acid
• Potassium sulphocyanide
• Dilute hydrochloric acid
• Carbon disulphide
• Ammonium molybdate

THEORY :
The presence of minerals in any food is detected by
performing tests with the given food sample. The fruits
are tested

For these nutrients with the help of tests such as calcium

magnesium, iron tests.
PROCEDURE :

The fruits and vegetables whose juices are to be tested

are cut into small pieces. The juices are extracted by
using a juicer. The juices are filtered with the help of a
filter paper. The filtrate is taken out and subjected to
various tests for carbohydrates proteins, fats and
minerals. Then tests are carried out in following
manner:

TEST FOR MINERALS :

TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Test For
Calcium :
Take 2 ml of the
sample is taken Appearance of This confirms
and ammonium the white ppt is the presence of
Chloride and observed in calcium in apple.
ammonium apple juice
Hydroxides are
added. The
above solution is
filtrate and to the
filtrate 2 ml of
the of
ammonium
Oxalate solution
is added.
Test for
Magnesium :

Take 2 ml of the Appearance of Presence of

sample is taken white ppt is magnesium is
and ammonium observed in test confirmed in
Hydroxide for orange, orange, tomato
solution is tomato and and potato.
added. Scratch potato. While it is
the sides of the absent in radish,
test tube with a apple and
glass rod. grapes.

Test for Iron :

Take 2 ml of the Appearance of This confirms
sample is taken blood red colour the presence of
and to it 1 drop ppt is obtained iron in apples.
of conc. Nitric in the case of
acid is added, apple.
heated and
cooled. Add 2-3
drops of
potassium
sulphocyanide
solution.
Test for
Phosphorus : The presence of
Take 2 ml of the Appearance of phosphorous is
juice and to it, yellow ppt is confirmed in
add 1 drop of obtained in tomato, potato
conc. Nitric tomato, potato and grapes.
acid. Boil the and grapes. While it is
solution and add absent in radish,
ammonium orange and
Molybdate. apple.
Test for
Potassium : Appearance of The presence of
Take 2 ml of the yellow ppt is potassium is
juice and add to obtained in case confirmed in
it 2 ml picric of apples. apple.
acid solution.
Test for Sodium
:
Take 2 ml of the A white The presence of
solution and add crystallized ppt the sodium is
2 ml of indicates the confirmed in
potassium presence of apple.
hydroxide sodium in apple
solution, boil juice.
and cool and add
potassium
pyroantimonate
solution and
scratch the sides
of the test tubes.

RESULT
After performing the test for minerals, following can be
concluded about their presence in different fruits:

Apple contains:

• Sodium ion
• Potassium ion
• Iron ion
• Calcium ion
 CONCLUSION
After analyzing the fruits it can be well concluded that
all of them contain one or the other compounds vital for
body functioning. It is observed that carbohydrate is a
predominant constituent while fats are not present in
most of the tested items. It is a natural merit, as living
organism requires carbohydrate the most common for
generating energy. Among minerals presence of calcium
is considerable as its present in all the selected food
items. Iron, magnesium and phosphorous are also
present sufficiently.

Many other minerals form constituents of vegetables and

fruits, but in trace quantities as body require them
veryless.The results throw a light on significance of
vegetables and fruits as their constituents are vital
compounds and nutrients. The deficiency of
thesenutrients can lead to various metabolic disorder. So,
besides cereals, milk and its products and non-vegetarian
food items, vegetable and fruits must be included in a
daily balanced diet of all.
More effort is required to make everyone realizes their
significance for a healthy, disease-free, long lifestyle.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

NCERT Chemistry Textbook for Class XII- Part II

www.wikipedia.com
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya
Nud (Samba)
PRACTICAL NOTEBOOK

Name : Rishikesh
Class : XII A
Roll No. :
Subject : Chemistry
Submitted To : Mrs. Vandana Sharma
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya
Nud (Samba)
PRACTICAL NOTEBOOK

Name : Rishikesh
Class : XII A
Roll No. :
Subject : Physics
Submitted To : Mr. Aman Chand