PART 1

Question 1

1. How is 350 members on a given day 25 members are present. For each of the following
reasons does the speaker adjourn the session for the day?
1. In the house
2. Lack of quorum
3. Business of the day is over
4. There are no questions to admit

Answer

Lack of quorum

2. Where is the International court of justice located?

1. New York (The USA)

2. Moscow (Russia)
3. Paris (France)
4. The Hague (Netherlands)

Answer

The Hague (Netherlands)

3. The non cooperation movement was suspended due to the _________.

1. Gandhi- Irwin pact

2. Chauri chaura incident
3. Cripps Mission
4. Rowlatt Act

Answer

Chauri chaura incident

4. Identify the founders of Non Aligned Movement

1. Nasser, Tito,Nehru
2. Nasser, Nehru, Stalin
3. Churchill, Stalin,Tito
4. Tito,Sukarno, Roosevelt

Answer
 Nasser, Tito,Nehru

5. Which famous theory was presented by dadabhai naoroji in his paper- “Poverty and Un-British Rule
in India”

1. Deficit Theory
2. Drain Theory
3. Deprivation Theory
4. Detriment Theory

Answer

Drain Theory

6. Which of the following is a common ideology of fascism and Nazism?

1. To believe in democracy
2. To encourage political systems
3. To uphold one party and one leader
4. To support communism

Answer

To uphold one party and one leader

7. How many high courts are there in India?

1. 25
2. 30
3. 32
4. 28

Answer

25

8. Who are the most important members of the Council of Ministers?

1. Ministers of State
2. Deputy Ministers
3. Cabinet Ministers
4. None of the above

Answer

Cabinet Ministers

9. What is the term of office of a judge of a supreme court?

 1. Until he attains 63 years
2. Until he attains 70 years
3. Until he attains 60 years
4. Until he attains 65 years

Answer

Until he attains 65 years

10. The Central and the State Government draw their authority from_________.

1. The Constitution of India

2. The people of India
3. The Supreme Court
4. The Judiciary

Answer

The Constitution of India

11. When did the United Nations formally come into existence?

1. October 26, 1945

2. October 26, 1947
3. October 24, 1945
4. October 24, 1947

Answer

October 24, 1945

12. Name the army under Subhash Chandra Bose’s command.

1. British Indian Army

2. Indian Independence Army
3. Indian National Army
4. POW Army

Answer

Indian National Army

13. What justification did Lord Curzon give to the Indians for the partition of Bengal?

1. Bengal was too big to be efficiently administered by a single provisional government.

2. It would cause a hindrance to the National movement
3. It would place Bengali under two administrative units making them minority in Bengal.
4. It would lead to division between Hindu and Muslim Nationalists.
 Answer

Bengal was too big to be efficiently administered by a single provisional government.

14. From the given list identify which of the following was NOT a factor leading to the growth of
nationalism.

1. Economic exploitation
2. Repressive colonial policies
3. Socio religious reform movements
4. Population growth

Answer

Population growth

15. The First President of the Muslim League was___.

1. Shaukat Ali
2. Aga Khan
3. Sir Syyid Ahmad
4. Nawab Salimullah

Answer

Nawab Salimullah

16. In 1942, Japanese forces were marching toward_____.

1. China
2. Arunachal Pradesh
3. Assam
4. Tibet

Answer

Assam

Question 2

1. Mention any two ways in which the British ill-treated the Indian soldiers.

Answer

Two ways in which the British ill-treated the Indian soldiers are:
 1. Bleak prospects of promotion — All higher positions in employment were reserved for the
British, irrespective of their performance. Indian Sepoys could not rise above the rank of a
Subedar.
2. Lower Salaries — The wages of the Indian Sepoys were inadequate to support their families.
On the other hand, the British soldiers received more than eight times the salary of the Indian
soldiers.

2. What has been the objective of WHO?

Answer

WHO's objective is the attainment of the highest possible level of health by all people.
Health is defined in WHO's Constitution as a state of complete well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

3. What are the causes of the Quit India Movement?

Answer

The causes of the Quit India Movement are as follows:

1. Failure of Cripp's Mission — In 1942, the failure of the Cripps' Mission left no further meeting
ground between the British Government and the Congress.
2. Japanese Threat — The Japanese Army had attacked Burma (Myanmar) and was marching
towards Assam. The threat of Japanese invasion of India convinced the Indian leaders that
for India's safety the British should withdraw from India immediately.

4. State any two objectives of the Muslim League.

Answer

Two objectives of the Muslim League are as follows:

1. To promote among the Muslims of India, support for the British government and to remove
any misconceptions regarding the intention of the government in relation to Indian Muslims.
2. To protect and advance the political rights of the Muslims and to represent their needs and
aspirations to the government in mild and moderate language.

5. With reference to the judiciary, what is meant by the term ‘impeachment’? On what grounds can a
judge of the Supreme Court be removed from office?

Answer

A Judge of the Supreme Court cannot be removed from office except by an order of the President on
the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. This charge needs to be proved only by a joint
address by both houses of Parliament and supported by a two-third majority of members present
and voting. The word 'proved' is very important. It means that an allegation has been thoroughly
 examined by some impartial tribunal. This procedure is known as impeachment.A Judge of the
Supreme Court cannot be removed from office except by an order of the President on the ground of
proved misbehaviour or incapacity.

6. Mention any four objectives of the Non-Aligned Movement.

Answer

Four objectives of the Non-Aligned Movement are as follows-

1. To oppose colonialism, imperialism and racial discrimination.

2. To advocate sovereign equality of all states,
3. To encourage friendly relations among countries.
4. To advocate peaceful settlement of international disputes.

7. What was mentioned in the Cabinet Mission Plan regarding Provincial Autonomy?

Answer

The Cabinet Mission Plan proposed that the Provinces would enjoy full autonomy for all
subjects other than the Union subjects.

PART II — SECTION A (CIVICS)

Question 3

The President of India is the nominal head of the Union Administration. With reference to the
President, answer the following questions:

(i) What is the term of the President? Give two reasons for the indirect election of the President.

(ii) Name the three kinds of emergencies which the President can declare.

(iii) State any four legislative powers of the President.

Answer

(i) The President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he/she enters upon
his/her office. He/She shall continue to hold office, notwithstanding the expiry of his/her term, until
his/her successor takes charge.

The President is elected by indirect elections because of the following reasons:

 1. If the President were to be elected directly by the people, he could become a rival centre of
power to the Council of Ministers. This would be against the parliamentary system with
ministerial responsibility.
2. Since the membership in the two Houses of Parliament was likely to be dominated by one
party, election of the President merely by a majority of members of the Union Parliament
could make him a nominee of the ruling party like the Prime Minister. Such a President could
not represent the constituent States of the Union.

(ii) The three kinds of emergencies which the President can declare are as follows:

1. National or General Emergency

2. Breakdown of Constitutional Machinery
3. Financial Emergency

(iii) Four legislative powers of the President are as follows:

1. Addresses Sessions of Parliament — The President addresses both Houses of Parliament

assembled together for the first session after each General Election to the Lok Sabha and at
the commencement of the first session of each year. In this address he lays emphasis on the
internal and external policies of the Government. The President has the power to address
either House of Parliament or their joint sitting at any time.
2. Messages to Parliament — He has the power to send messages to either House of
Parliament either in the regard to any pending Bill or to any other matter.
3. Dissolve the Lok Sabha — He can dissolve the Lok Sabha and order fresh elections. Rajya
Sabha is a permanent body, not subject to dissolution.
4. Nomination of Members — The President nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha from
among persons having special knowledge or practical experience in the matters of literature,
science, art and social service.

Question 4

An independent judiciary is a feature of federal governance. With reference to the Supreme Court,
answer the following questions:

(i) Who appoints the judges of the Supreme Court? What is the composition of the Supreme Court?

(ii) Mention the three kinds of cases which come under the Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme
Court.

(iii) Explains the terms:

(a) Revisory Jurisdiction;

(b) Advisory Jurisdiction.

Answer
(i) A group of senior Supreme Court judges headed by the CJI would make recommendations to the
President on who should be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court. The CJI is required to
consult the four senior most judges of the Supreme Court before making any recommendation to the
President of India in this regard. This came to be known as the Collegium System which allows a
college of persons (judges) to appoint judges.

The Supreme Court of India consists of a Chief Justice of India and not more than 33 other judges,
until Parliament by law prescribes a larger number of judges.

(ii) Three kinds of cases which come under appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court are:

1. Constitutional Cases — All matters irrespective of the nature, where a certificate is issued by
a High Court that it involves an important point of law and needs interpretation of the
Constitution, can be brought before the Supreme Court. If the High Court refuses to give a
certificate on such a case the Supreme Court can grant special leave of appeal.
2. Civil cases — Appeals in civil matters lie to the Supreme Court, if the High Court certifies:
i. that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance, and
ii. that the question needs to be decided by the Supreme Court
3. Criminal Cases — Two types of appeals in criminal cases lie in the Supreme Court.
i. Cases with the certificate of the High Court
ii. Cases without the certificate of the High Court. The certificate of the High Court is not
required in a case:
a. Where the High Court has reversed the judgement of acquittal given by the
Lower Court and punished the accused with a death sentence.
b. A case which is withdrawn by the High Court from a Subordinate Court and
sentenced the accused to death.

(iii) (a) Revisory Jurisdiction — The Supreme Court under Article 137 is empowered to review any
judgement or order made by it with a view to removing any mistake or error that might have crept in
the judgement or order. This is because the Supreme Court is a court of record and its decisions are
of evidentiary value and cannot be questioned in any court.

(b) Advisory Jurisdiction — The Supreme Court has advisory jurisdiction (to give its opinion) on any
question of law or fact of public importance as may be referred to it for consideration by the
President of India.

The Supreme Court may be required to express its opinion in two classes of matters, in an advisory
capacity:

1. Any question of law may be referred to the Supreme Court if the President considers that the
question is of public importance and it is necessary to obtain the opinion of the Supreme
Court. Such opinion of the Supreme Court is advisory and not binding on the Government
nor is it executable as a judgement of the Supreme Court.
2. Disputes arising out of pre-Constitution treaties and agreements which are excluded from
original jurisdiction by Article 131.
Question 5

The Legislature makes the laws which govern the country. With reference to the Union Legislature
answer the following questions:

(i) What is the maximum composition of the Rajya Sabha? Why is it called a Permanent House?

(ii) Mention any three exclusive powers of the Rajya Sabha.

(iii) Mention any four legislative powers of the Parliament.

Answer

(i) The maximum composition of the Rajya Sabha can be 250 members.

The Rajya Sabha is a permanent House as it cannot be dissolved like the Lok Sabha. Each member
of the Rajya Sabha is elected for a period of six years. One-third of the total members of the House
retire after every two years. Members can be re-elected if they so desire and if their electors support
them.

(ii) Three exclusive powers of Rajya Sabha are-

1. Though the Parliament cannot, in normal times, make laws on a states subject, the
Constitution states that under Article 249, the Rajya Sabha may, by resolution adopted by
two-thirds majority empower the Parliament should make laws with respect to a matter in the
State List. The Lok Sabha has no authority to assert itself in such matters.
2. The other special power enjoyed by the Rajya Sabha is that it may declare that the creation
of new All-India Services be made in the national interest. Thereupon Parliament may create
new services.
3. If the Lok Sabha is dissolved before or after the declaration of a National Emergency, the
Rajya Sabha becomes the sole de facto and de jure Parliament, i.e., it takes over the
functions of the Parliament. It cannot be dissolved.

(iii) Four legislative powers of the Parliament are as follows:

1. The Parliament has exclusive powers to make laws on all the subjects mentioned in the
Union List, including important subjects like Defence, Banking, Communications etc.
2. Along with the State Legislative Assemblies, the Parliament can make laws on the subjects
listed in the Concurrent List, for example, education, forests, adoption, succession etc.
3. The Parliament possesses residuary powers i.e., it can make laws with respect to all those
matters which are not mentioned in any of the three lists - Union List, State List and
Concurrent List.
4. During the period of Emergency due to total breakdown of the Constitutional machinery in a
State, the Parliament becomes the legislature in the State concerned and assumes all
powers, including the financial powers of passing a State budget.

PART II — SECTION B
Question 6

With reference to first and second phase of the Indian National Movement, answer the following:

(i) What was the objective of the Assertive Nationalists? Mention any two contributions of Bal
Gangadhar Tilak.

(ii) Who partitioned Bengal? State any two actual reasons behind the Partition.

(iii) Mention any four methods used by the Early Nationalists.

Answer

(i) The main objective of the Assertive Nationalists was the immediate attainment of 'Swaraj'. This
means complete independence and not just self government.

Two contributions of Bal Gangadhar Tilak were:

1. Demand for Swaraj — Tilak was the first to openly declare the demand for Swaraj. "Swaraj is
my birth right", he said, "and I shall have it".
2. Established Home Rule League — Tilak set up a Home Rule League at Pune in 1916 to
attain self-government within the British Empire by constitutional means.

(ii) Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal.

Two actual reasons behind the Partition of Bengal were:

1. Bengal being the nerve centre of Indian nationalism posed as a significant threat to the
British rule. So, the British hoped to stop the rising tide of nationalism by partitioning Bengal.
2. The partition was meant to foster division on the basis of religion. East Bengal would be
predominantly a Muslim majority state and West Bengal would have a Hindu majority.

(iii) Four methods adopted by Early Nationalists were as follows:

1. To educate people in India in modern politics, they held meetings where speeches were
made and resolutions for popular demands were passed.
2. They made use of the press to criticise government policies
3. They made use of three P's i.e. Petitions, Prayers and Protests. They sent petitions,
requests and letters of protest to the British government to look into the problems of the
Indians.
4. A British Committee of the Indian National Congress was set up in London in 1889, which
published a weekly journal, India, to present India's case before the British public

Question 7

The United Nations Organisation was established to maintain peace in the world. With reference to
this organisation, answer the following questions:
(i) What is the composition of the Security Council?

(ii) Mention any three functions of the International Court of Justice.

(iii) What is the full form of UNESCO? Mention any three of its functions.

Answer

(i) The Security Council consists of 15 members.

1. It has five permanent members —

○ China
○ France
○ Russia
○ Britain
○ The United States of America
2. The regional representation of the ten non-permanent members is:
○ Afro-Asian countries — 5
○ Latin American countries — 2
○ West European and other countries — 2
○ East European countries — 1.
3. The ten non-permanent members are elected by the General Assembly by a two-third
majority for a term of two years.
4. A retiring member is not eligible for immediate re-election.
5. The Presidency of the Council rotates monthly, according to the English alphabetical listing
of its member States.

(ii) Three functions of the International Court of Justice are:

1. Voluntary Jurisdiction — The Court is competent to entertain a dispute if the States

concerned agree to take the issue to it.
2. Compulsory Jurisdiction — The International Court of Justice has compulsory Jurisdiction in
the following areas:
i. Against the background that a large number of treaties provide that disputes are
submitted to the Court.
ii. Disputes pertaining to the interpretation of international law.
iii. Reparation, i.e., compensation to be made for the breach of an international
obligation.
3. Advisory Opinions — The advisory procedure of the International Court of Justice is open
solely to international organisations. The only bodies at present authorised to request
advisory opinions of the Court are five organs of the United Nations and 16 specialised
agencies of the United Nations family.

(iii) The full form of UNESCO is United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation.

Three functions of UNESCO are-

 1. Removal of illiteracy by encouragement to adult education, distance-education and the open
school system.
2. It promotes basic research in fields like geology, mathematics, physics and oceanography.
3. It assists developing countries to develop communication.

With reference to the First World War, answer the following questions:

(i) What were the objectives of the League of Nations? Name the organisation formed in October
1945 with objectives similar to those of the League of Nations.

(ii) Dissatisfaction with the treaty of Versailles.

(i) The objectives of the League of Nations were-

All the States of the world were prohibited from entering into any secret treaties and alliances.

The member-States were not supposed to maintain huge armies, warships and destructive
armaments.

All States were to respect each other's independence.

All States were to refer their mutual disputes, if any, to the League of Nations for a peaceful
settlement.

The member-States were to take necessary action as directed by the League against any
State which tried to disturb world peace and order.

Apart from political functions, the League of Nations was supposed to promote cultural,
social and economic cooperation among the member-States.

The United Nations was formed in October 1945 with objectives similar to those of the
League of Nations.

(ii) Dissatisfaction with the Treaty Of Versailles —

1. The victorious powers had deprived Germany of huge tracts of its territory and its colonies in the
regions of East Africa and South-West Africa.
2. Her military strength was completely crushed. The German army was limited to 1,00,000 soldiers
and the navy was limited to 15,000 soldiers while it's Air Force was banned.
3. Germany was burdened with an immense War Indemnity. She had to pay a heavy sum of 33
billion dollars to the Allies.
4. Germany had to give her merchant ships to Allies as compensation.
5. Italy was also highly dissatisfied with the treaty as she could not get any part of the German and
Turkish colonial empire even though Italy fought with the Allies in the First World War.

(iii) The Policy of Appeasement.

Appeasement meant accepting the hostile demands of an aggressive nation to gain peace.
 Britain and France followed the policy of appeasement towards dictatorial countries like
Germany and Italy because they felt that the dictators had a real cause of grievance due to
the humiliating terms of the Treaty of Versailles and if their grievances were removed they
would not disturb world peace.

Further, they wanted to check the rising tide of Communism and Russian Bolshevism.

Britain and France feared that Germany would divert towards Russian Bolshevism.

They, therefore, allowed Germany to rearm and to re-militarise the Rhineland and capture
Austria and Czechoslovakia.

So without the Western countries' policy of appeasement, Fascism or Nazism could not have
survived so long and would not have been able to unleash the Second World War.

Question 9

With reference to the picture given below answer the following questions that follow:

(i) Identify the person in the picture. State any two features of the plant deviced by him.

(ii) How did he plan to solve the communal problem existing in India?

(iii) Why did the Congress accept the Plan? State three reasons to justify his acceptance.

(i) Lord Mountbatten is in the picture.

Two features of the Plan devised by Lord Mountbatten were:

Partition — The country would be divided into two Dominions, i.e., India and Pakistan.

A Boundary Commission — A Boundary Commission would be created to settle the boundaries of

the two Dominions in case partition was decided upon.

(ii) Lord Mountbatten found that it was difficult to solve the deadlock between the
Congress and the Muslim League.

1. He realised that the Cabinet Mission Plan was unworkable and a partition of India
was inevitable.
2. He, therefore, sought to effect the transfer of power without any delay.
 3. Mountbatten put his plan for the partition of India before the 'big seven' leaders
— Nehru, Patel, Kripalani, Jinnah, Liaquat, Nishtar and Baldev Singh.
4. The Congress accepted the Plan and Jinnah undertook to do his utmost to make
the Plan work.
5. The Plan was announced on June 3, 1947.
6. The country would be divided into two Dominions, i.e. India and Pakistan.

(iii) The Congress accepted the Mountbatten Plan because of the following reasons-

The large-scale communal riots that engulfed the whole country convinced all that the only solution
to the communal problem lay in the Partition of India.

The League had joined the Interim Government to obstruct and not to cooperate. Experience of
working with the League had convinced the Congress that it could not have a joint administration
with the League.

The only alternative to Partition was a Federation with a weak Centre. A smaller India with a strong
central authority was better than a bigger State with weak Centre.

Question 10

With reference to Fascism, explain how these factors led to growth of Fascism in Italy:

(i) Economic Crisis

(ii) Leadership of Mussolini

(iii) Class Conflicts

(i) Economic Crisis — Italy suffered heavy losses in terms of life and property
in the First World War. After the War, many soldiers became unemployed.
Trade and commerce were ruined leading to large-scale unemployment.
There was a shortage of food grains.

(ii)

(iii) Class conflict — Class conflict increased in many countries after the First World War. The real
issue in most parts of continental Europe was whether control of government and economic systems
would continue in the possession of aristocracies or would be in the hands of less privileged
majorities. The common man had been promised, during the War, that he would be rewarded by
greater attention to his economic needs. These promises were ignored and the common man was
embittered.