we previously agreed that the system is shared among three

departments.
Mechanical Electrical Low-Current

We also learned that each department determines the points

they want to monitor and the points they want to control.
This is all well and good,
but what does "integrated systems" mean??
The term I can use for a set of systems interconnected in a way
that their assembly makes them function as a single system is
"integrated systems."
For Example:

"Structured Cabling"
You'll find systems connected to it such as, for example:

IP CCTV IP Telephone IP TV

Well, what does BMS have to do with all this discussion?

-The BMS is one of the systems that are interconnected with the
building's data network and, therefore, part of the integrated
systems within the building.

Let's explain how the network is configured inside a building first,

and then we'll look at the importance and location of each part of
the system precisely.
 [IT RooM]

You will have an IT room on the ground floor with specific

dimensions, special ventilation, and separate air conditioning
that operates continuously to accommodate the many
electronic devices inside it.

For most projects, the IT room will be located on the ground

floor because of the large sizes and heavy weights of the racks

The room does not have a suspended ceiling to facilitate

maintenance work later on.

Then, on each floor, there will be a room with distribution

racks specific to that floor, and they will be connected to the
main rack through multi-mode fiber optic cables (MMFO).

In the design and review process,

it's essential to consider that the
distances in Cat6 copper cables
should not exceed 90 meters.
That's why connections between
the racks are made using MMF
(multi-mode fiber optic) cables
ranging from 2000 to 3000 meters,
despite the effective distance
during design being approximately
500 meters.
The current connection setup will be as follows...

The remaining floors follow the same concept...

We will now learn its meaning

Distribution Switch

The second floor

Distribution Switch

The first floor

The main rack (containing the main switch)

NetWork WAN

The Ground floor

 Keep in mind....
-If the building has a large expanse, there are many solutions available.
For example...

[1] The building is divided into areas, and each area has its own distribution

switch. The switches are connected to each other using MMFO (multi-mode

fiber optics).

copper cables for the outlets

MMFO

Area -

[2] You can run MMF (multi-mode fiber) cables over a distance, and before the
data port, convert from MMF to CAT6.

Distance 500
CAT6

Media Converter
Distance 90
FO to CAT6
Question: How do all these systems understand each
other?
Like people who speak different languages, for example, someone speaks
Arabic and another person speaks Japanese, and no matter how much they
talk, they won't understand each other. But if both of them choose to have a
common language, let it be English, they will start to understand each other
and communicate without any issues. This is essentially the same concept as
protocols (finding a common language understood by different systems) -
creating a common language that systems can use to communicate with each
other.

Up to this point, what protocols do I have?

First... The entire data network speaks a common

language or, as we explained, a "protocol," which is...
Therefore,,,
All the connections between the switches and those coming
out of the switches carry this protocol.

TCP/IP

Data points, cameras, and telephones do not have an issue

with this because they all agree on the same protocol.

But... the BMS system is in a slightly different position because it

has devices that speak different languages, such as...

American

The current issue is:

European
The current issue is:
Some devices have agreed that the common language for
communication between them will be BACnet/IP, while some other
devices have chosen Modbus as their common language. A few others
have agreed on KNX as their common language, or whatever it may
be, it won't make a difference.

The requirement is:

Do all these groups understand each other?

The solution is:

What do you think if we create a translation bureau where all these
groups interact with it? This way, I will have the following...

[1] Each group will have its own language.

[2] When one group can communicate with another, they will work
with the translation bureau, which takes their data and translates it
into the language understood by the second group.
The translation bureau is the GATEWAY or Router, which is
simply the concept of protocol conversion.

When the languages differ below, I will take the language that I want in the end.

translation bureau

Protocol 1

Protocol 2

Protocol 3

You can see this concept in the diagram with different labels, like...
 The American protocol is the best
and the most widespread.

Protocol conversion.

A group of devices with

A group of devices with a common language.
a common language.

<< Translated by me >>