PERVIOUS CONCRETE ROAD PAVEMENT

SYNOPSIS

SUBMITTED

TO MSBTE

IN

DIPLOMA

IN

CIVIL ENGINEERING

BY

HONMANE VIVEK DATTATRAY

SONAWANE ASHISH BHAIRAWANATH
BAGAL PRATHMESH VIKRAM
SUTAR VIVEK EKNATH
KSHIRSAGR PARTH SANAJAY

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Ms.Pawar mam & Ms.Bhairavadi

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 SVERI'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (POLYTECHNIC), PANDHARPUR.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the synopsis entitled

“PERVIOUS CONCRETE ROAD PAVEMENT “

By
1) HONMANE VIVEK DATTATRAY
2) SONAWANE ASHISH BHIARAVNATH
3) BAGAL PRATHMESH VIKRAM
4) SUTAR VIVEK EKNATH
5) KSHIRSAGR PARTH SANJAY

Are hereby scrutinized and approved by Diploma In Civil Engineering

Department synopsis approval committee and forwarded to MSBTE authorities
for approval of Diploma synopsis.

Ms.Pawar Mam Mr.Salunke.R.J. Mr.Kalubarme.A.H

(Guide). (HOD). (INCHARGE)

Seal of
Institute
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 SYNOPSIS

NAME OF STUDENTS:

1) HONMANE VIVEK DATTATRAY

2) SONAWANE ASHISH BHAIRAWANATH

3) BAGAL PRATHMESH VIKRAM

4) SUTAR VIVEK EKNATH

5) KSHIRSAGR PARTH SANAJAY

PROJECT GUIDANCE:

Ms.Pawar mam

Ms.bhairwade mam

NAME OF PROJECT:

PERVIOUS CONCRETE ROAD PAVEMENT

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 INTRODUCTION

Pervious Concrete is a homogeneous mixture of cement, aggregate / gravel and water. Pervious Concrete
is a special type of concrete in which no fine aggregates are used and gravel has been used in place of the
coarse aggregate. One of the new parameter in designing a structure is concrete durability when assessing
the condition of existing structures. According to EPA (Environmental Protection Agency’s) storm water
runoff can send as much as 90% of pollutant such as oil and other hydrocarbon Water flows through itself
in pervious concrete and minimizes the extent of pollution and storm water runoff. Pervious concrete
pavement in rural areas is a unique and effective means to achieve important environmental issues and
support green, sustainable stories) and infill panels for high-rise buildings. Porous concrete gained its
popularity in areas such as Venezuela, West Africa, Australia, Russia and the Middle East.

Thereby reducing the runoff from a site and recharging ground water levels. Its void content ranges
from18 to 35% with compressive strengths of 400 to 4000 psi(28 to 281 kg/cm.
). The in ltration rate of perviousconcrete will fall into the range of 2 to 18 gallons perminute per square
foot (80 to 720 litres per minute persquare meter). Typically, pervious concrete has little orno ne
aggregate and has just enough cementitious pasteto coat the coarse aggregate particles while
preservingthe interconnectivity of the voids. Pervious concreteis traditionally used in parking areas, areas
with lighttraffic, pedestrian walkways, and greenhouses andcontributes to sustainable construct

Pervious concrete is made using large aggregates with little to no fine aggregates. The concrete paste then
coats the aggregates and allows water to pass through the concrete slab. Pervious concrete is traditionally
used in parking areas, areas with light traffic, residential streets, pedestrian walkways, and
greenhouses.[1][2] It is an important application for sustainable construction and is one of many low
impact development techniques used by builders to protect water quality.

OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT :

• To help restore ground water supply.

• Reduce pollution of coastal water;

• To pave parking.

• Recharge ground water table.

• Reduces runoff water.

• Reduces risk of flooding and topsoil wash away.

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 LITREATURE REVIEW

M. HarshavarthanaBalaji and M.R.Amarnaath carried out research on Design of eco friendly

pervious concrete. From the test results it was concluded that the mix design with
aggregate and cement ratio of 3 has the maximum strength, This mix design gives us the
required strength of M20 grade concrete and this mix design has the required void ratio for
the water seepage.
Meininger studied the effect of different aggregate sizes (10mm and 19mm) on hardened
properties of non-fine concretes and the results showed that compressive strength reduces
with increase in aggregates size. It claimed the decrease of aggregate size led to higher
pervious concrete strength, resulting from the increase of the interface strength between
the aggregate and cement paste.
D. Tennis Paul etal., studied the replicated simples of pervious concrete formed from two
rock sources for coarse aggregates and different size fractions to determine hydrologic
relationships. Linear relationships were found between porosity and density. Permeability
and density, porosity and permeability, porosity and specific yield. The results suggest that
properties such as permeability, porosity and specific yield are not significantly affected by
different aggregate types.
Kevern J.T., Schaefer R et. Al. studied the current methods of curing pervious concrete is to
cover with plastic for 7 days although no studies have been performed to determine if that
is sufficient or even required. They presented results of combinations of four different
pervious concrete mixtures cured using six common curing methods. The surface abrasion
of the concrete was tested using a rotary cutter device. The results show that the concrete
abrasion resistance was improved with a majority surface-applied curing compounds;
however the surfaces covered with plastic sheets produced the lowest abrasion levels. The
best abrasion resistance and higher strength overall was obtained with the mixture
containing fly ash and cured under plastic for 28 days
Omkar Deo, Narayanan Neithalath studied that the properties of pervious concrete are
strongly dependent on its pore structure features, porosity being an important one among
them. Different pore structure for pervious concrete was proposed and subjected.

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➢ MATERIALS :

Pervious concrete, also known as porous, gap-graded, permeable, or enhanced porosity

concrete, mainly consists of normal portland cement, coarse aggregate, and water.
In normal concrete the fine aggregates typically fills in the voids between
the coarse aggregates. In pervious concrete fine aggregate is non-existent or present
in very small amounts (<10% by weight of the total aggregate). Also, there is insufficient
Paste to fill the remaining voids, so pervious concrete has a porosity anywhere from
15 to 35% but most frequently about 20%. Aggregate gradings used in pervious
concrete are typically either single-sized coarse aggregate or grading ¾ and 3/8 in
(between 19 and 95 mm). A wide aggregate grading is to be avoided as that will reduce
the void content of the pervious concrete. All types of cementitious materials such as
fly ash, slag cement, natural pozzolans conforming to their ASTM specifications have
been used. Pervious concrete can be made without chemical admixtures but it is not
uncommon to find several types of chemical admixtures added to influence the performance
favourably. Since pervious concrete has a low workability, it is important to maintain it
to provide sufficient working time at the jobsite. Therefore, retarding admixtures or
hydration stabilising admixtures are useful. Viscosity enhancing agents are also
beneficial as they can help add more water without causing paste drain down and
Hence can improve workability.

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➢ MIXTURE PROPORTIONING

At a void content lower than 15%, there is no significant percolation

through the concrete due to insufficient interconnectivity between the
voids to allow for rapid percolation. So, concrete mixtures are typically
designed for 20% void content in order to attain sufficient strength and
infiltration rate.

The water-cementitious material ratio (w/cm) is an important

consideration for obtaining desired strength and void structure in pervious
concrete. A high w/cm reduces the adhesion of the paste to the aggregate
and causes the paste to flow and fill the voids even when lightly
compacted. A low w/cm will prevent good mixing and tend to cause
balling in the mixer, prevent an even distribution of cement paste, and
therefore reduce the ultimate strength and durability of the concrete.
Experience has shown that w/cm in the range of 0.26 to 0.40 will provide
the best aggregate coating and paste stability. Careful control of aggregate
moisture and w/cm is important to produce consistent pervious concrete.

The total cementitious material content of a pervious concrete mixture is

important for the development of compressive strength and void structure.
An insufficient cementitious content can result in reduced paste coating
of the aggregate and reduced compressive strength. The optimum
cementitious material content is strongly dependent on aggregate size.
The above guidelines can be used to develop trial batches.
Once the paste volume is determined the water and cement amounts can be
calculated since the w/cm is known by a paste testing procedure as
discussed in the report or simply by assuming a value between 0.28 and 0.35.

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 ➢ DESIGN :

There are two factors that determine the design thickness of pervious
pavements: the hydraulic properties, such as infiltration rate and volume
of voids, and the mechanical properties, such as strength and stiffness.
Pervious concrete pavements must be designed to support the intended traffic
load and contribute positively to the site specific storm water
management strategy. The designer selects the appropriate material
properties, the appropriate pavement thickness, and other characteristics needed
to meet the hydrological requirements and anticipated traffic loads
simultaneously. Separate analyses are required for both the hydraulic and the
structural requirements, and the larger of the two values for pavement
Thickness will determine the final design thickness.

Many applications have used a 5 to 6 in (125 to 150 mm) thick pervious

concrete over an aggregate base generally of the same dimension. Field
performance of these projects have shown that they are adequate to handle
the traffic loads expected in parking lot pervious concrete pavement installations
on soils with permeability of 0.1 in/hr (2.5 mm/hr) or lower.

➢ CONSTRUCTION :

An experienced installer is vital to the success of pervious concrete pavements.

The subgrade is the bed on which the pavement structure is constructed
and can be either native materials or imported fill. As with any pavement,
proper subgrade preparation is important. The subgrade should be properly
compacted to provide a uniform and stable surface. It is important, to examine
carefully the soils present on each project for both structural and drainage
capacities before specifying a compaction range since soils differ in the way
compaction affects infiltration rate. The level of compaction is typically 90% of
Standard Proctor Maximum Dry Density (SPMDD). In some cases, pavement
will be placed on a subbase of clean gravel or crushed stone, which may be
used as a stormwater storage basin. If the compacted site soils or imported
fill have sufficient percolation rates and the project is not in an area where
freezing and thawing is a concern, then a subbase may not be required and the
pervious concrete can be placed directly on the subgrade. The project engineer
should make this determination based on local regulations, soil permeability,
stormwater volume, anticipated traffic loads, and pavement purpose. If a
subbase is used engineering fabrics are used to separate fine grained soils
from the stone layer. The subgrade and subbase should be moistened prior to
concrete placement to prevent the pervious concrete from setting and drying too
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 quickly. Also wheel ruts from construction traffic should be raked and re-
compacted.
Uw
METHODOLOGY

After the testing of pervious concrete we found the compressive strength in 7 days as
18.69 mpa, 21 days as 24.89 mpa and for 28 days as 26.90 mpa.

After the testing of pervious concrete we found the compressive

strength in 7 days as 1.18 mpa, 21 days as 1.35 mpa and for 28 days as 15.

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➢ MAINTAINCE :

• Prevent the surface from becoming clogged which reduce permeability. Most site
function well without regular maintenance if protected from sand Vacuuming
or power blowing may be necessary the site become clogged

• Pressure washing has shown to improve Permeability of clogged pavement

to 80% to 90% of the original permeability.

• The chance of clogging is highest during and just after construction and the site
must be protected by An erosion control until vegetation has been established
on the adjacent ground.

• However pervious concrete work good in little or no Maintenance but the

main reason being debris and residue lodging on top of void structure maintenance
is required.

• Maintenance requirement cannot be determined Because it changes with conditions

and place to place and also on traffic condition

• Landscaping material such as mulch sand and topsoil should not be on the
concrete, even Temporarily.

• One of the important aspect of pervious concrete is That in case of loging of any
kind of cementing Small size of coarse aggregates (12.5 to 16mm) should be able
to give the high compressive strength and at the same time produce higher
permeability rate.

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➢ TESTING :

SIEVE ANALYSIS TEST:- For the design of pervious concrete we tested the
3 different size of aggregate

o 10mm to 12.5mm

o 12.5 to 16mm

o 16mm to 20mm

After the testing of cubes for above aggregate sizes, we extracted that higher
compressive strength gain on 12.5 to 16 mm size of aggregates.

COMPRESSIVE TEST: compressive strength is dependent on size of coarse

aggregate, void ratio, bond between mortar and coarse aggregate. In 7 days cubes of
permeable concrete gain 30% of its strength, in 21 days of permeable concrete
gain 70% of its strength, and for 28

TENSILE STRENGTH:-In this project we conducted the split tensile test for cylinder.
In pervious concrete tensile strength vary from 1 to 3.5 Mpa.

PERMEABILITY TEST: permeability of the pervious

Concrete is determined by special arrangement of cylindrical shape bucket or specific
container which should be open from both the side and has to arranged in such a way so
that one side could be used for pouring of water and other resting on pervious concrete
as shown in figure below.

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➢

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➢ PERVIOUS CONCRETE IN PROJECT IN INDIA :

Concrete can be successfully used in India in applications such as parking lots,

driveways, gullies/ sidewalks, road platforms, etc. Over the next 20 years there is
expected to be a significant amount of housing construction India. The roads around the
apartments/homes and the surfacing inside the compound can be made with pervious
concrete.

Massive urban migration in Indian cities is causing the ground water to go much deeper
and is causing water shortages. For example, in states like Tamil Nadu residents
commonly pay for water delivered and it is not uncommon to receive water only for a
few days of a week in many parts of the country. Flooding and extended water logging
in urban areas is common since all the barren land which could hold the rain water are
being systematically converted into valuable real estate with a result that impervious
surfaces such as roads, parking lots, roof tops are covering the natural vegetation. It is
indeed ironical that even the world's wettest place Cherrapunji suffers drought while the
monsoons brings flooding. Further, the rain water that falls on the concrete and asphalt
surfaces tend to carry a 12. high level of pollution and this pollution ends up in our
waterways ultimately. The use of pervious concrete can Help alleviate the damage of all
of these ills.

Another significant advantage in India as compared to Western countries is the

significantly lower cost of labor. Much of the pervious concrete construction is manual
and can be done without heavy equipment and therefore pervious concrete can be placed
at a lower cost even in Rural areas.

A caution though is the higher prevalence of airborne Dust in India that could lead to
clogging of the pervious concrete. Pervious concrete can function with no maintenance
and some level of clogging. Nevertheless, 17 frequent preventative maintenance is
recommended. In apartment communities, resident associations could perhaps take this
over and those applications could be The first ones to be attempted.

In future with increased urbanisation, diminishing ground water levels and focus on
sustainability, technologies such as pervious concrete are likely to Become even more
popular in India.

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FUTURE SCOPE :

• Pervious concrete can be used in building for rainwater harvesting as well as for
cooling purpose By providing permeable wall.

• In the presence of clayey soil, water can be Percolated through providing borehole at
every 1- 2km with the help of drainage system.

• Flaky aggregate can be use to provide easy passes of water without any extra
drainage system provided. (flaky aggregate have more strength).

• Water can be filtered and stored as fresh water below the ground.

• We can also give direction to water specifically according to need. By providing

certain angle to the flacky aggregate water which gets drained will make its way to
the slope going down towards the sewer line or any other drainage arrangement. This
could be usefull where soil strata have less water absorption capacity.

➢ ADVANTAGES :

1. It reduces the storm water runoff

2. Eliminates the need for detention ponds and other costly storm water management
practices.

3. Mitigates surface runoff

4. Replenishes the aquifers and water table 5. Allows more efficient land development

5. Prevents water from entering into the stream and also prevents it from being polluted

6. Green building alternative suitable for many applications.

7. Protects streams and lakes and allows local vegetation to thrive.

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➢ REFERENCE :

[1] Sneha Sanjay Ganpule, S. V. Pataskar (2011). “Use of Porous Concrete as a Green Construction
Material for Pavement” International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, ISSN 0974-5904,
Volume 04, No 06 SPL October 2011, pp. 764-767.

[2] Sri Ravindrarajah R. and Aoki Y, “Environmentally friendly porous concrete”, Proceedings of
the Second International Conference on Advances in Concrete and Construction, Hydrabad, India,Feb
2008.

[3] 5.0. Ajamu, A.A. Jimoh, JR. Oluremi (2012). “Evaluation of The Structural Performance of
Pervious Concrete in Construction” International Journal of Engineering and Technology Volume 2
No. 5, May, 2012

[4] Richard o Meininger, “No Fines Pervious Concrete for Paving.” Concrete International Vol. 10,
No. 8, August 1988, pp. 20-27

[5] Rushton B. “Infiltration Opportunities in Parkinglot Design Reduce Runoff and Pollution”.
Stormwater, 2002.

[6] Park, S. Tin, M. “An experimental study on the water purification properties of porous concrete,”
Cement and Concrete Research, (Vol. 34), pp. 177-184.

[7] Delatte, N. and Schwartz, S. (2010): “Sustainability Benefits of pervious concrete pavement”,
Second international conference on sustainable construction materials and technologies, Univ., of
Wisconsin Milwaukee, pp. 1-9.

8] Kevern, J.T., Wang, K. and Schaefer, V.R. (2008). “Pervious concrete in severe exposures
development of pollution-reducing Pavement for northern cities”, Concrete Int. Mag. AC1, 30(7), pp.
43-49.

[9] Tennis, P.D., Leming. M.L.. and Akers, DJ. (2004). “Pervious concrete pavement”, Hydrologic
design of pervious concrete, Portland Cement Association, Silver spring, MD, National Ready Mixed
Concrete Association, Skokie JL, pp. 1-25.

[10] Yang, J., and Jiang, G. (2003), “Experimental Study on Properties of Pervious Concrete
Pavement Materials”. Cement and concrete reserch

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