Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 8 views

    Matrices

    Uploaded by

    shivamjeughale546
    This document discusses matrix inverses and solving systems of linear equations using matrices. It contains the following key points: 1. If AB = BA = I, then A and B are called inverses of each other and B is denoted as A^-1. 2. If A is a non-singular matrix, then det(A) != 0. 3. A system of linear equations of the form Ax = B has a unique solution if and only if the matrix A is non-singular. The solution can be found by reducing A to an identity matrix and solving for x. 4. The adjoint of a matrix A is the transpose of the cofactor matrix of A. For an invert

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content

    You might also like

    Matrices

    Uploaded by

    shivamjeughale546
    8 views9 pages
    This document discusses matrix inverses and solving systems of linear equations using matrices. It contains the following key points: 1. If AB = BA = I, then A and B are called inverses of each other and B is denoted as A^-1. 2. If A is a non-singular matrix, then det(A) != 0. 3. A system of linear equations of the form Ax = B has a unique solution if and only if the matrix A is non-singular. The solution can be found by reducing A to an identity matrix and solving for x. 4. The adjoint of a matrix A is the transpose of the cofactor matrix of A. For an invert

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    2. Matrices

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    This document discusses matrix inverses and solving systems of linear equations using matrices. It contains the following key points: 1. If AB = BA = I, then A and B are called inverses of each other and B is denoted as A^-1. 2. If A is a non-singular matrix, then det(A) != 0. 3. A system of linear equations of the form Ax = B has a unique solution if and only if the matrix A is non-singular. The solution can be found by reducing A to an identity matrix and solving for x. 4. The adjoint of a matrix A is the transpose of the cofactor matrix of A. For an invert

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views9 pages

    Matrices

    Uploaded by

    shivamjeughale546
    This document discusses matrix inverses and solving systems of linear equations using matrices. It contains the following key points: 1. If AB = BA = I, then A and B are called inverses of each other and B is denoted as A^-1. 2. If A is a non-singular matrix, then det(A) != 0. 3. A system of linear equations of the form Ax = B has a unique solution if and only if the matrix A is non-singular. The solution can be found by reducing A to an identity matrix and solving for x. 4. The adjoint of a matrix A is the transpose of the cofactor matrix of A. For an invert

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Let us Recoll

    o If A ond ^B ore squore motrices of the some order such thqt AB :


    BA : 1 then A snd B ore colled inverses of eoch other. We denote
    inverse of A by A-'.
    o If A is s non singulor motrix then d, = .

    fiadj,a

    [ro1l[r2
    Ex. (l) If o=lo , 3l ond ,=1, I :l then nnd motrices X ond
    .,r"n ,no, [r 2 l.] lz 4 7)

    AX:BondYB:4.
    Solution : Consider the motrix equotion AX : B

    [totl [trt1
    l0 2 3lX=ll I 5l
    [,21) lr4r)
    R, i R, -R,

    [roll [r231
    ln ,. ,lx=lr r sl
    Lo2o] [,24)

    [r o rl [r 2 31
    I

    rlr=lr I ll
    l'102 1
    2l 12 2 2l
    ol [r 2 4)
    R, -+ Rr-2R,
    i; : il, [i i i]
    [, 0 :,) 13 :,)

    Rr+- 1ft^ "


    3'
    0 23
    [' 'l
    1l*
    1

    I 15
    r =
    lo 2l 2 ))
    [oo rl 0
    11
    33

    &-+&-R, , n, -+ n, -14
    2

    78
    ;;JJ
    [r o ol
    I
    l0 I 0lX=
    2
    t2
    [oo'] I 1
    0 -;J ;J

    1 Z
    J

    .'.f,- 1
    1
    2

    0 _;I
    J

    Now consider the equotion YB : A


    orl
    '[it;][i 2 3l
    2t)
    I

    Cr. ) C2 -2CpC, + C3 -3Cl

    [r o ol [r -2 -21
    rlr -1 zl=lo 2 3l
    lr o,l [,0 -r)
    C, -+ -TC,
    Ir
    ool[rr-r1
    rl t 1 2l=10 -2 3l
    12 o,l[t o -r)
    C, -+ Cr-C, , Cr -+ C, -2C,
    lrooll- -l 2
    o I ol=l 2-2 fl
    "l
    lr o,l L
    10 -r)
    C, -+ C, -2C,

    [roolt ll 2 -ol
    o r ol=l -t2 -2 7l
    "l o ,] 50
    [o L -2)

    lrr 2 -dl
    ,.r =l -tz -2 , I

    It o -r)
    Ex. (2) Show thot following system of equotions hos unique solution.
    Find its solution by the reduction method.
    x+Y+z=2,
    x-2Y+z=8,
    3x+Y+z=4
    Solution : We write the given of equotions in motrix equotion os :
    [r 1 lzl
    AX:B,where ,l=l t ll, "=[;] ond ,=l t
    [,
    -z
    1 ,l L,l L-l
    l

    Li + IL,] Lil
    It , tl

    lr -2 tl =1(-3)-l(-2)+t(z)=o
    l,al=
    lr111
    As lAl * 0, A is non-singulor.
    Given system hos unique solution.

    [ + i][l [i]
    R, -+ & -&, & -+ & -3R,

    [ :i][| [i]
    R, -+ -)n,

    [ ; i][| [i]
    I
    R,-+R,+:R. .L
    J

    [i;x*ylz:2
    i][l [l
    -3y:6
    z:3
    x-lr!:'2rZ :3

    [t
    IfA : l:
    -r z)
    Ex. (3)
    , o zl then veri fy thot A x (adjA) : (adjA) x I :
    IAI ,I
    X [,0 :]

    Solution : A
    Ir
    I -1 21
    l: 02:i
    Ir 0 3.]

    lAl (,)l: Ij-r-,rli .,7


    11.,,,1i ll=,1,y+r(z)+2(o)=
    lAl .7.
    Let us find minors ond cofoctors. ,4, =(- I),-,MU

    (-r)'li rl= :7 , A,, : (-rI


    zl oI
    A,,: (-r)'l: ?l= o , A,,: l?
    l=0
    ol

    t;l=,
    A,,:(-rfI il=, A,,:t-,fli A,,: (-,)'fi ;i1= ]I

    A,, : (-')'[: i)=-, A,, : (-,)'ll l:l= o A,,:(-')'ll ;l=,


    rhe rnotrix or corqctors is j]
    [t 1
    The tronspose of the cofoctor mqtrix is the odjoint of A.
    l- o 3. -21
    odiA:l-; I 4l
    Io -r 9]

    Ax adj A:[i : :][; ], l]

    Ax odi A : tl I :l : 7r: rAr x | .... (1)


    [o o 7]
    [a: lll-1:! 3l
    tll P .a el
    " [.9 7.t. e]L
    odiAxA:l:7.1
    r .a rl
    ltool
    adi A x A: lo , ol :7r: lAl x [ ....(2)
    [o o 7)
    From(1)ond(2)we getA x adjA:(adiA)"A:lAl xI

    rffi
    231
    Ex. (a) If A : , t I then find A, byelementory column trqnsformqtions.
    4 7)
    :A:
    [t 2 3l
    Solution
    lt ,rl
    12 4 7)
    [r,31
    tAt : l' : , ttil,l[fl.'l l ll
    tz 4;] 'll
    r

    : I (:!) - 2GA + \?.): ;..1.


    As lAl * 0, A is non singulor.
    A-1 exist.
    A-1 A:I

    "l:t ;l [i ; I
    c2 c2- 2CpC3 -+ C, -3C,
    0 ol r.! :.4 .lt
    -1 ,l=l s .1. I I

    0 ,l Ie a r]
    c2 -+ - lC,
    t.!. .9 9l [r z -:l
    A-l
    Ll l; iJ Lt ; il
    cr->cr-C*Cr-+C, - 2C,
    [r o o-] [-! .? 71
    n'lo r o l=1.1. :! ?-l
    lz o rl L.e e !l
    C1 )Cr-2C,
    I
    .q .9-l [r:
    [. 2 -7|
    A'l .e.lt. gl=l-g -l zl
    [o a r] l-, o ,]
    [o o tl
    Ex.(5) Show thot -""i. is invertibre Find its inverse by odjoint
    method. l? ; :l
    [oorl
    Solution : A : lo , ol
    [' o o]
    :
    rl or ro or ro '\'l:r-o-r=-r
    lAl (0)
    l; ;l-(,)l i ;1.(')l i ol
    lAl : .--l
    As lAl * 0, A is invertible.
    A-t exist.
    Let us find
    , 1.1. ot
    (-l)'l.q
    ,4,, =
    ;l
    ,r, =(-t)'1.;
    "lo Ir
    ;l
    ,r, = (-r)tl.? il
    The motrix of cofqctors is

    The of the odjoint of A.

    t.9 o -lr
    e=l.Q -i ;l
    L-' ; ;l
    aai
    "'_t
    l-.o o :.!l [.o .a .1..]

    f =fiaai.t =ll .o *-! .ol:l.o.t. o. l

    -11 -
    1."
    r
    eel Lr o ol
    [t 2
    Ex. (6) If A: l-t 1 B_ ond AX : B then find X.
    f, 2 i) [r]
    Solution : ....
    Ax=B PJ 7-=- 6 in :1
    (r)
    3y + eG{ =-tr
    3Y-j6
    I tl ][il,,Fi] 3J ='tE+\e
    3) = zl
    =-t5

    hc harc ,.;
    [i] )..=..7..
    R"+R"*e.
    lqt' f$ H=l trd,?=:6
    [l li] [l !r :rl (I)
    ......x.*. .t.h..:./. 8..= -.3....
    Rs, R.3- Rr

    lt:il[]'9. ?L...2..-.]*.L

    x=l
    25+=il [:=
    3J+ rr..L=
    1",. 1-J
    L
    _,;

    3l +c \.=...:.'.1....:. .(.{)
    Z =-6
    [rool
    Ex. (7) If A: lt , ol then find motrix B such thot AB : I. VerifY
    thot BA : I. [' 3 1.]

    Solution :
    Rz-i R2-SKrrkz''R=-Rr

    ll
    =l
    = l-6+o
    I
    t
    A\ =l
    tAt+
    il
    aO .....6.."'o"1"
    A l-s nor'\ slnqula/
    ...J.. I t. oI
    -l
    A' exf;t
    r
    h -3 'l
    ....-....)...

    lVo r,o t\)


    o "0J'
    Sqch fz, ^ (r)
    mu\ ti l,?j
    A'A
    -t

    hle o.a
    r kn +1",r*

    f3 =..(
    No.", AA,-t .', fBA = I
    C, O:
    lo
    Ii il Hancc Vcr', HJ "

    Sign of Teocher :

    You might also like