CHEMISTRY CONCEPTS NMAT TIMED

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1. Which of the following properties is considered an intensive property?

a) Mass
b) Density
c) Volume
d) Length

Answer: b) Density
Explanation: Intensive properties are independent of the amount of substance, and
density does not change with the amount of substance.

2. Which atomic model proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed energy
levels?
a) Thomson's model
b) Bohr's model
c) Rutherford's model
d) Schrödinger's model

Answer: b) Bohr's model

Explanation: Bohr's model introduced the concept of electrons moving around the
nucleus in fixed energy levels, also known as orbits or shells.

3. Which principle states that electrons will fill lower-energy orbitals before higher-
energy orbitals?
a) Hund's rule
b) Aufbau principle
c) Pauli exclusion principle
d) Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Answer: b) Aufbau principle

Explanation: The Aufbau principle dictates that electrons will occupy orbitals in order of
increasing energy.

4. Which group in the periodic table contains the alkali metals?

a) Group 1
b) Group 2
c) Group 17
d) Group 18

Answer: a) Group 1
Explanation: The alkali metals are found in Group 1 of the periodic table and include
elements like lithium, sodium, and potassium.

5. What is the oxidation state of oxygen in most compounds?

a) -1
b) 0
c) +1
d) -2

Answer: d) -2
Explanation: In most compounds, oxygen has an oxidation state of -2, except for some
specific cases like peroxides where it has an oxidation state of -1.

6. Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
a) Ionic bond
b) Covalent bond
c) Metallic bond
d) Hydrogen bond

Answer: b) Covalent bond

Explanation: Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons in order to achieve
a stable electron configuration.

7. What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with a central atom bonded to two
other atoms and no lone pairs?
a) Linear
b) Bent
c) Trigonal planar
d) Tetrahedral

Answer: a) Linear
Explanation: A molecule with two bonded atoms and no lone pairs on the central atom
has a linear molecular geometry.

8. Which intermolecular force is the weakest?

a) Ion-dipole forces
b) Hydrogen bonding
c) Dipole-dipole forces
d) London dispersion forces

Answer: d) London dispersion forces

Explanation: London dispersion forces are the weakest intermolecular forces and arise
from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution.

9. Which gas law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its
volume, assuming constant temperature and amount of gas?
a) Boyle's law
b) Charles's law
c) Gay-Lussac's law
d) Avogadro's law

Answer: a) Boyle's law

Explanation: Boyle's law states that at constant temperature and amount of gas, the
pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume.
10. What type of reaction involves the transfer of electrons between reactants?
a) Redox reaction
b) Acid-base reaction
c) Precipitation reaction
d) Neutralization reaction

Answer: a) Redox reaction

Explanation: Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants, where
one species is oxidized and the other is reduced.

11. Which of the following best describes the concept of limiting reagent in a chemical
reaction?
a) The substance that is completely consumed in the reaction
b) The substance that remains after the reaction is complete
c) The substance that determines the rate of the reaction
d) The substance that catalyzes the reaction

Answer: a) The substance that is completely consumed in the reaction

Explanation: The limiting reagent is the reactant that is completely consumed in a
chemical reaction and determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed.

12. In a chemical reaction at equilibrium, which of the following is true?

a) The forward reaction has stopped
b) The reverse reaction has stopped
c) The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal
d) The concentrations of reactants and products are equal

Answer: c) The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal
Explanation: At chemical equilibrium, the forward and reverse reactions proceed at the
same rate, resulting in constant concentrations of reactants and products.

13. What is the effect of increasing the temperature on an exothermic reaction at

equilibrium?
a) Shifts the equilibrium to the right
b) Shifts the equilibrium to the left
c) No effect on the equilibrium position
d) Cannot be determined

Answer: b) Shifts the equilibrium to the left

Explanation: According to Le Chatelier's principle, increasing the temperature of an
exothermic reaction will shift the equilibrium position to the left, favoring the reactants.

14. Which of the following is a strong acid?

a) Acetic acid
b) Hydrochloric acid
c) Ammonia
d) Water

Answer: b) Hydrochloric acid

Explanation: Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, meaning it fully dissociates in water into
hydrogen ions and chloride ions.

15. What does the term "molality" refer to in chemistry?

a) Moles of solute per liter of solution
b) Moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
c) Grams of solute per liter of solution
d) Grams of solute per kilogram of solvent

Answer: b) Moles of solute per kilogram of solvent

Explanation: Molality is a measure of concentration expressed as the number of moles
of solute per kilogram of solvent.

16. Which of the following is a colligative property?

a) Boiling point elevation
b) Molarity
c) Molality
d) Density

Answer: a) Boiling point elevation

Explanation: Colligative properties depend on the number of particles in a solution and
include boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure.

17. Which term describes the overlapping of atomic orbitals to form a covalent bond?
a) Resonance
b) Hybridization
c) Isomerization
d) Induction

Answer: b) Hybridization
Explanation: Hybridization is the process by which atomic orbitals mix to form new
hybrid orbitals that are involved in covalent bond formation.

18. What type of isomerism occurs when two molecules have the same molecular
formula but different arrangements of atoms in space?
a) Structural isomerism
b) Stereoisomerism
c) Conformational isomerism
d) Tautomeric isomerism

Answer: b) Stereoisomerism
Explanation: Stereoisomerism refers to isomers that have the same molecular formula
and bond connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms.

19. Which of the following functional groups is present in alcohols?

a) -OH
b) -COOH
c) -NH2
d) -C=O

Answer: a) -OH
Explanation: Alcohols contain a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group, which is bonded to a
carbon atom.

20. What is the general formula for alkanes?

a) CnH2n+2
b) CnH2n
c) CnH2n-2
d) CnHn

Answer: a) CnH2n+2
Explanation: Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2,
where n is the number of carbon atoms.

21. Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

a) Sucrose
b) Cellulose
c) Glucose
d) Starch
Answer: c) Glucose
Explanation: Glucose is a monosaccharide, which is a simple sugar that cannot be
broken down into simpler sugars.

22. What is the primary function of lipids in living organisms?

a) Energy storage
b) Enzymatic catalysis
c) Genetic information storage
d) Structural support

Answer: a) Energy storage

Explanation: Lipids primarily function as energy storage molecules, although they also
have roles in cell membrane structure and signaling.

23. Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not DNA?

a) Adenine
b) Guanine
c) Thymine
d) Uracil

Answer: d) Uracil
Explanation: Uracil is a nitrogenous base found in RNA, where it pairs with adenine. In
DNA, thymine replaces uracil and pairs with adenine.

24. What is the purpose of the Biuret test?

a) To detect the presence of proteins
b) To detect the presence of carbohydrates
c) To detect the presence of lipids
d) To detect the presence of nucleic acids

Answer: a) To detect the presence of proteins

Explanation: The Biuret test is a biochemical test used to detect the presence of
proteins by reacting with peptide bonds, resulting in a color change.

25. What is the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas, assuming
constant temperature and amount of gas, according to Boyle's Law?
a) Directly proportional
b) Inversely proportional
c) Exponentially proportional
d) No relationship
Answer: b) Inversely proportional
Explanation: Boyle's Law states that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely
proportional, assuming constant temperature and amount of gas.

26. Which of the following is a property of endothermic reactions?

a) Release heat to the surroundings
b) Absorb heat from the surroundings
c) Occur spontaneously at all temperatures
d) Increase in entropy

Answer: b) Absorb heat from the surroundings

Explanation: Endothermic reactions absorb heat from their surroundings, resulting in an
increase in the system's internal energy.

27. How do you calculate the molarity of a solution?

a) Moles of solute per liter of solvent
b) Moles of solute per liter of solution
c) Grams of solute per liter of solvent
d) Grams of solute per liter of solution

Answer: b) Moles of solute per liter of solution

Explanation: Molarity is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of the
solution in liters.

28. In a chemical reaction, what does the term "normality" represent?

a) The number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution
b) The number of moles of solute per liter of solution
c) The number of equivalents of solute per kilogram of solvent
d) The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent

Answer: a) The number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution

Explanation: Normality is a measure of concentration that represents the number of
equivalents of solute per liter of solution. It is used primarily for acid-base and redox
reactions.

29. Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?

a) Fluorine
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Chlorine

Answer: a) Fluorine
Explanation: Fluorine has the highest electronegativity of all elements, making it the
most effective at attracting electrons in a chemical bond.

30. What is the main function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

a) Energy storage
b) Enzymatic catalysis
c) Genetic information storage and transmission
d) Structural support

Answer: c) Genetic information storage and transmission

Explanation: Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, store and transmit genetic
information in living organisms, directing the synthesis of proteins and controlling
cellular processes.

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