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Lecture-Notes Lesson-6 The Research Design
Lecture-Notes Lesson-6 The Research Design
SECOND QUARTER
PAUL BARUT GALIZA
Research Design should explain how the design was used in the study. It is the overall plan of the steps or the
methodologies that will be used to help answer the research questions.
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
SECOND QUARTER
PAUL BARUT GALIZA
Variable refers to the parameter that can change. It is something that one can manipulate and control. It also
represents the change over the content of the research.
Types of Variables
1. Independent and Dependent Variables
Independent Variable changes and controls the experiment for it has a direct effect on the other variables.
Dependent Variable is the one being tested and measured and is "dependent" on the independent variable.
Example: The number of hours spent studying and the test scores of the students.
Independent Variable – number of hours spent in studying
Dependent Variable – test scores
Intervening Variables are hypothetical variable used to explain causal links between other variables.
Moderating Variables cannot be observed in an experiment.
Extraneous Variables are the unforeseen factors that may cause significant change in the interpretation or
experimentation of the results.
Lurking Variables are a subset of extraneous variables that represent the unforeseen factors in the experiment.
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
SECOND QUARTER
PAUL BARUT GALIZA
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