U9 L1 Decentralization

DECENTRALIZATION OF THE
PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
3. FOR THE GROUP, HOW IMPORTANT ARE THE
CONCERNS BEING ADDRESSED BY LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS SUCH AS THE PROVINCE,
CITY, MUNICIPALITY, OR BARANGAY?
8
The Philippines is
divided into
● 81 provinces
● 146 cities
● 1, 488 municipalities
● 42, 046 barangays
9
How does the decentralization of power to
local government units affect local
governance?
10
DEFINING DECENTRALIZATION AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
● The barangay is the smallest unit of

government.
● The arrival of the Spanish colonial forces

introduced a centralized system of
government.
11
GOVERNMENT
Decentralization
“the transfer of planning, decision-making, or
administrative authority from the central
government to its field organizations, local
governments, or nongovernmental
organizations”
12
GOVERNMENT
Three Forms of Decentralization
Deconcentra
Delegation Devolution
tion
13
How do the three forms of decentralization
differ?
14
14
GOVERNMENT
Local Government
A territorial and political subdivision with two
important elements:
● presence of a higher authority
(subordination to the
central government)
● fixed territory (geographical
boundaries)
15
GOVERNMENT
Key objectives of establishing local

governments
1. increased people’s participation

2. delivery of public services
16
GOVERNMENT
From centralization to decentralization
The Philippines was highly centralized from

the Spanish colonial period up to the Japanese
occupation.
17
DECENTRALIZATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

Key issues with a centralized system
● efficiency
● responsiveness to people’s needs
● political motives (e.g., patronage politics and
corruption)
18
Post-war developments (1946-1972) include

efforts toward decentralization and increased
local autonomy.
19
Significant legislative enactments on local

government before the Martial Law period
● Barrio Charter Act (Republic Act No. 2370)

● Local Autonomy Act (Republic Act No. 2264)
● Decentralization Act of 1967 (Republic Act No.
5185)
20
National and local authority were centralized

under Ferdinand Marcos during the Martial Law
period.
21

● 1973 Constitution: had provisions on local autonomy
● Kabataang Barangay: avenue for youth
representation in the barangay local council; the
precursor to the present-day Sangguniang Kabataan
● Batas Pambansa Blg. 337 or the Local Government
Code was enacted in 1983 after the lifting of Martial
Law
22
The Local Government

Code of 1991 (RA No. 7160)
● key document for the

administrative and legal
framework of
decentralization in the
Philippines
● mandated by Article 10,
Section 3 of the 1987
Constitution
23
The Local Government Code of 1991 reorganized the

government structure. 24
Five features of the Local Government Code of 1991
1. devolution of the responsibility for the delivery of

various aspects of basic services
2. transfer of certain regulatory and licensing powers
3. increased financial resources available to LGUs
4. empowerment of civil society in local governance
5. encourages local governments to be entrepreneurial
25
Autonomous Regions
Another track for strengthening local autonomy

is the establishment of autonomous regions
based on Article 10, Section 15 of the 1987
Constitution
26
Autonomous Regions
● The BARMM, which replaced the ARMM, is the

only autonomous region in the country.
● The provinces of Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Kalinga,
Ifugao, and Mountain Province in Northern Luzon
are still classified as the Cordillera
Administrative Region (CAR).
27
BARMM
(formerly ARMM)
● Basilan
● Lanao del Sur
● Maguindanao
● Sulu
● Tawi-Tawi
28
What are the major tracks of the 1987
Constitution toward greater local autonomy?
29
29
DECENTRALIZATION AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE
Positive impacts of decentralization on local

governance
● Democratization (e.g., greater representation of
sectoral groups in local bodies)
● Development (e.g., economic development)
● Governance and public administration (e.g.,
efficient and innovative public service delivery)
30
● The Ortigas Business District in Metro Manila contributes to

the economic development of many LGUs, including Pasig,
Mandaluyong, and Quezon City.
31
Challenges of
democratization
● uneven economic
opportunities among
local government units
● continuing rule of
political dynasties
● persistence of political
patronage and
corruption
32
● Decentralization transfers planning, decision-
making, and administrative authority from the
central government to its field organizations, local
governments, or nongovernmental organizations
(Rondinelli and Cheema 1983 as cited in Atienza
2006, 416).
● Decentralization has three major forms that differ

in terms of the extent of authority transferred and
the amount of autonomy provided to the units
under the central government.These forms are
deconcentration, delegation, and devolution.
38
● A local government unit is a territorial and
political subdivision subordinated to a higher
authority (e.g., the central government).
● The Philippines has had a long history of

centralization, beginning in the Spanish colonial
period. The progressive trend towards
decentralization started during the Third Republic
(1946–1972).
39
● The Local Government Code of 1991 provides the
legal framework for decentralization in the
Philippines. There are four levels of local
government: province, city, municipality, and
barangay.
40
● The 1987 Constitution provides the legal basis for
establishing regions with relative autonomy, such as
the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim
Mindanao (BARMM) and the Cordillera
Administrative Region (CAR).
● Decentralization impacts the democratization,

development, and governance and public
administration at the local level.
41

U9 L1 Decentralization

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U9 L1 Decentralization

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DECENTRALIZATION OF THE

● The barangay is the smallest unit of

● The arrival of the Spanish colonial forces

Three Forms of Decentralization

Key objectives of establishing local

1. increased people’s participation

From centralization to decentralization

The Philippines was highly centralized from

From centralization to decentralization

From centralization to decentralization

Post-war developments (1946-1972) include

From centralization to decentralization

Significant legislative enactments on local

● Barrio Charter Act (Republic Act No. 2370)

From centralization to decentralization

National and local authority were centralized

From centralization to decentralization

The Local Government

● key document for the

The Local Government Code of 1991 reorganized the

Five features of the Local Government Code of 1991

1. devolution of the responsibility for the delivery of

Another track for strengthening local autonomy

● The BARMM, which replaced the ARMM, is the

Positive impacts of decentralization on local

● The Ortigas Business District in Metro Manila contributes to

● Decentralization has three major forms that differ

● The Philippines has had a long history of

● Decentralization impacts the democratization,

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