Chemical Stoichiometry for

Pharmaceutical.
Faculty of Pharmacy
Group1
Course: General Chemistry
Lecturer: Yen Chamroeun
Class: PH21
Year 2- Semester 1- Batch 12
Academic year : 2023-2024

1
 Team members:

Dy Ousaphea Tauch Sodarika Thoeurn Rasophareach Orn Dinaliza

(11) (44) (47) (26)

2
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction V. Advantages and

Disadvantage

II. Objective
VI. Conclusion

III. Materials & Methods

VII. References

IV. Results and Discussion

3
 What is chemical
Stoichiometry?

And how does it involved in Pharmaceutical?

4
 I. Introduction

● Chemical Stoichiometry: is a branch of

chemistry that deals with the quantitative
relationships between reactants and products in
a chemical reaction.
● We use it to make sure that the amount of
reactants in products that we used are
necessarily and not wasting any of it.

Presented by: Tauch Sodarika

5
 I. Introduction (Con’t)
● Stoichiometry terms came from two Greek roots:
“ stoicheion ” mean element
“ metron ” mean measure
● The stoichiometry is a science way of measuring
the quantities or mass ratio of the chemical
elements in every reaction.
Example: Ca(OH)2 -> Ca2+ + 2OH- , the ratio between
Ca(OH)2: Ca2+: OH- is 1:1:2
Presented by: Tauch Sodarika
6
 I. Introduction (Con’t)

There are some keys aspects of chemical stoichiometry relevant to pharmaceuticals:

● Balanced Chemical Equations
● Molar Ratios
● Quantitative Calculations
● Limiting Reactant
● Percent Yield
● Dilution and Concentration

Presented by: Tauch Sodarika

7
 II. Objective

● To determine how chemical stoichiometry use in pharmaceutical

● To learn how stoichiometry is used to calculate reactant quantities in the
synthesis of paracetamol
● To calculate the balance chemical equation for the synthesis of
paracetamol

Presented by: Tauch Sodarika

8
 III. Materials and Methods
The chemical reaction to make acetaminophen (paracetamol) is shown below.

C6H7NO + C4H2O3 ----> C8H9NO2 + C2H4O2

p-aminophenol + acetic anhydride ----> acetaminophen + acetic acid

Presented by: Thoeurn Rasophareach

9
 3.1 Materials
Why do we need P-aminophenol and Acetic anhydride to make
acetaminophen (paracetamol) ?
P-aminophenol
● Starting Material
It provide the amino group (-NH2)
“P” mean Para in its name
● Functional Group
The amino group on p-aminophenol
reacts with acetic anhydride to replace
one of the hydrogen atoms on the amino
group, forming an amide functional group
Presented by: Thoeurn Rasophareach
10
 3.2 Methods
Acetic anhydride

● Acetyl Group donors

The acetyl group (-COCH3) from
acetic anhydride is transferred to
the amino group of p-aminophenol

Presented by: Thoeurn Rasophareach

11
 3.2 Methods
If you weighed 10.78 g of p-aminophenol, Find masses of acetaminophen would
be created.
Chemical Equations
C6H7NO + C4H2O3 ----> C8H9NO2 + C2H4O2

Molar Ratio

The molar ratio between p-aminophenol and acetaminophen is 1:1.

This implies that 1 mole of p-aminophenol produces 1 mole of acetaminophen.

Presented by: Thoeurn Rasophareach

12
 3.2 Methods

Calculation of Mole of P-Aminophenol

● Molar mass of P-aminophenol C6H7NO= 6x12 + 7x1 + 14 + 16 = 109 g/mol
● Mass of p-aminophenol = 10.78g
● Number of moles of P-aminophenol =

Calculation of Mass of Acetaminophen Formed:

● Molar mass of acetaminophen = 151.17g/mol
● Mass of acetaminophen = Number of moles x Molar mass = 0.0987 mol x
151.17g/mol ≈ 14.91g

Presented by: Thoeurn Rasophareach

13
 3.2 Methods
If the average adult dose is 325 mg, how many pills can you make with this
reaction?

Presented by: Thoeurn Rasophareach

14
 3.2 Methods
If the average percent yield of this type of reaction is 92.4%. How much
p-aminophenol in mg do you need to weight to make two adult doses (325 mg)
of acetaminophen tablets?

= 703,46mg

Presented by: Thoeurn Rasophareach

15
 IV. Results and Discussions
- These are the Calculation or the stoichiometry making of Paracetamol:

● So if we weighted 10.78g of p-aminophenol,

The mass of acetaminophen that would be created are 14.91g

- Which means that if the number of grams is <14.91g or 14.91g< that can possibly
made some errors in the calculations or the stoichiometry is wrong.

10.78g of p-aminophenol
makes 14.91g of
acetaminophen
Presented by: Dy Ousaphea
16
 IV. Results and Discussions

- These are the Calculation or the stoichiometry making of Paracetamol:

● If the average adult dose is 325mg, the pills that we can make by using this
equation are 45 pills.

C6H7NO + C4H2O3 ----> C8H9NO2 + C2H4O2

p-aminophenol + acetic anhydride ----> acetaminophen + acetic acid

Presented by: Dy Ousaphea

17
 IV. Results and Discussions

- These are the Calculation or the stoichiometry making of Paracetamol:

● Since we knew the average percent yield of this type reaction is 92.4%.
● So in order to make two adults dose of 325mg of acetaminophen we need 703,46 mg
of p-acetaminophen.

So the theoretical yield are

= 703,46mg ( for 2 adult dose)

Presented by: Dy Ousaphea

18
 V. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

What are the advantages and disadvantages of

a pharmaceutical?

Presented by: Orn dinaliza

19
 V. ADVANTAGE uses in pharmaceutical
● Chemical stoichiometry

Chemical stoichiometry is applied in various ways in the

pharmaceutical industry:
● Drug synthesis
● formulation of dosage forms
● Acid-base reactions
● Precise dosing
● Quality control and analysis
Presented by: Orn dinaliza
20
 V. DISADVANTAGES uses in pharmaceutical
● Chemical stoichiometry

Chemical stoichiometry is not really a

bad impact but if it can impact, it caused by
use overdoses and use it without carefully
such as: Using it without SOP so it can lead
to damaged the machine .

Presented by: Orn dinaliza

21
 VI. Conclusions

Stoichiometry is a quantitative relations in chemical reactions by

calculation of the quantities and the raw data of atoms with the products
and making it the exact amount of reactants that are needed to produce
a specific products or any drugs. It is also widely applied in fields such
as chemistry, analysis,medicine, materials science, and environmental
sciences.

Presented by: Orn dinaliza

22
 VII. References

1. Answered: The chemical reaction to make… | bartleby. (n.d.). Www.bartleby.com.

https://www.bartleby.com/questions-and-answers/the-chemical-reaction-to-make-acetaminophen-parac
etamol-is-shown-below.-c-6-h-7-no-3-c-4-h-2-o-3-and/b232c232-7374-436a-a005-4c041b2d7ebb
2. Turito. (2022, July 8). Stoichiometry Definition | Solved Examples & Calculation. Turito Blog.
https://www.turito.com/blog/chemistry/stoichiometry-calculations
3. https://www.facebook.com/thoughtcodotcom. (2019). What Stoichiometry Is and Why You Need To
Understand It. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/introduction-to-stoichiometry-609201
4. PubChem. (n.d.). 4-Aminophenol. Pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/p-aminophenol
5. Britannica. (2023, September 28). Stoichiometry | Chemistry. Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/science/stoichiometry

Presented by: Orn dinaliza

23
 THANKS
Do you have any questions?
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo,
including icons by Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik

24