Practice questions for Finals

Kindly use the Appendix PDF (separately attached) for Finding values of Entropies,
Enthalpies, and Free energy where required.

1. For the synthesis of ammonia at 500 °C, the equilibrium constant is 6.02 x 10 -2 .Predict the
direction in which the system will shift to reach equilibrium in each of the following cases.
a. [NH3] = 1.0 x 10 -3 M, [N2] = 1.0 X 10 -5 M, [H2] = 2 X10 -3M
b. [NH3] = 2.0 X 10-4 M, [N2] = 1.5 X 10 -5M , [H2] = 3.54 X10 -1M
c. [NH3] = 1.0 x 10 -4 M, [N2] = 5 M , [H2] = 1 X10 -2 M

2. At a particular temperature, a 2.00-L flask at equilibrium contains 2.80X 10 -4 mole of N2, 2.50
X 10 -5 mole of O2, and 2.00 X 10 -2 mole of N2O. Calculate K at this temperature for the
reaction

2N2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2N2O(g)

If [N2] = 2.0 X10 -4 M, [N2O] = 0.200 M, and [O2] = 0.00245 M, does this represent a system at
equilibrium?
3. For the reaction

H2(g) + Br2(g) ⇌ 2HBr(g)

Kp = 3.5 x 10 4 at 1495 K. What is the value of Kp for the following reactions at 1495 K?

a. HBr(g) ⇌ ½ H2(g) + ½ Br2(g)

b. 2HBr(g) ⇌ H2(g)+ Br2(g)
c. ½ H2(g) + ½ Br2(g) ⇌ HBr(g)

4. At 3278C, the equilibrium concentrations are [CH3OH] = 0.15 M, [CO] = 0.24 M, and [H2] =
1.1 M for the
reaction

CH3OH(g) ⇌ CO(g) + 2H2(g)

5. The following equilibrium pressures were observed at a certain temperature for the reaction

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)

P NH3 = 3.1X10-2 atm

P N2 = 8.5 X10 -1 atm
PH2 = 3.1X10-3 atm

Calculate the value for the equilibrium constant Kp at this temperature. If P N2 = 0.525 atm,
PNH3 = 0.0167 atm, and PH2 = 0.00761 atm, does this represent a system at
equilibrium?
6. If 0.050 mL of 6.0 M HCl is added to 400 mL of 10-5 M HCl, what is the resulting рН?
7. The pH of a 0.010 M formic acid solution is 2.92. What are Ka and percent ionization?
8. Ka for HNO2 is 7.1 x 10-4. What are [H3O+], [NO2-], and [OH-] in 0.50 M HNO2? What is the pH?

9. Calculate ∆S° for the chemical reaction

2N2(g) + 2O2(g) ⇌ 2NO2(g)

with reactants and products at a temperature of 25°C and a pressure of 1 atm.

The standard Molar entropies are:

S°N2(g) = 191.50 Jk-1mol-1

S°O2(g) = 205.03 Jk-1mol-1

S° NO2(g) = 239.95 Jk-1mol-1

10. Calculate ∆G° for the following reaction,

3NO(g) ⇌ N2O(g) +NO2(g)

G° N2O(g) == 104.18 kJmol-1

G° NO2(g) == 51.29 kJmol-1
G° NO(g) == 86.55 kJ mol-1

11. Tungsten melts at 3410°C and has an enthalpy change of fusion of 35.4 kJ mol -1. Calculate
the entropy of the fusion of tungsten.
12. The alkali metals react with chlorine to give salts:

2Li(s) + Cl2(g) → 2LiCl (s)

2Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2NaCl (s)

2K(s) + Cl2(g) → 2KCl (s)

2Rb(s) + Cl2(g) → 2RbCl (s)

2Cs(s) + Cl2(g) → 2CsCl (s)

Using the data in Appendix , compute ∆S° of each reaction and identify a periodic trend, if
any
13. The molar enthalpy of fusion of solid ammonia is 5.65 kJmol-1, and the molar entropy of
fusion is 28.9 JK-1mol-1.
a. Calculate the Gibbs free energy change for the melting
of 1.00 mol ammonia at 170 K.
b. Calculate the Gibbs free energy change for the conversion of 3.60 mol solid ammonia to
liquid ammonia at 170 K.
c. Will ammonia melt spontaneously at 170 K?
d. At what temperature are solid and liquid ammonia in
equilibrium at a pressure of 1 atm?
14. Hydrogen is made from natural gas (methane) for immediate consumption in industrial
processes, such as ammonia production. The first step is called the “steam reforming of
methane”:
 CH4(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO(g) + 3H2(g)

The equilibrium constant for this reaction is 1.8x10 -7 at 600 K. Gaseous CH4, H2O,
and CO are introduced into an evacuated container at 600 K, and their initial partial
pressures (before reaction) are 1.40 atm, 2.30 atm, and 1.60 atm, respectively. Determine
the partial pressure of H2(g) that will result at equilibrium.
15. The pH of normal human blood is in the range of 7.35 to 7.45. Compute the range of the
concentration of H3O + and the range of the OH-1 concentration in normal blood.
16. Acetic acid (CH3COOH) has a Ka of 1.76 X 10 -5 at 25°C. Suppose 1.000 mol is dissolved in
enough water to give 1.000 L of solution. Calculate the pH and the fraction of acetic acid
ionized at equilibrium.
17. Suppose that 0.00100 mol of acetic acid is used instead of the 1.000 mol in the preceding
example. Calculate the pH and the percentage of acetic acid ionized.
18. Suppose 0.100 mol of NaCH3COO is dissolved in enough water to make 1.00 L of solution.
What is the pH of the solution?