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ENGLISH WRITING

POLITEKNIK NEGERI BATAM

ANIMATION STUDY PROGRAM
 SUMMARY, QUOTATION AND PARAPHRASE

OBJECTIVES
After getting this topic, the students will be able to:
1. Distinguish among quotation, paraphrase and summary
2. Distinguish between main idea and details
3. Writing summaries (paragraph, book chapter, news and article)

A. DEFINITION
1. Quotation is a short piece of writing taken from work of literature, poetry,
book or other original sources. This result must be identical to original sources,
using specific segment of the resources. They must match the source document
word for word and must be attributed to the original author.
Some examples for signal verbs to integrate quotation are acknowledges,
declares, remarks, states advises, criticizes, replies, suggests agrees,
describes, responds, writes claims, emphasizes, objects, thinks concludes,
discusses, disagrees, says.
Some examples of how to use signal words:
• Ken acknowledges that…
• as Ken declares.
• Ken says that….
• …as concluded by Ken
• Ken describes…
2. Paraphrase can be defined as repeating something written or spoken using
different words, often in a humorous form or in a simpler and shorter form that
makes the original meaning clearer. It involves putting a passage from source
material into your own words. A paraphrase must also be attributed to the
original source. The result of paraphrased is usually shorter than the original
passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it
slightly.
Example:
Original Phrase:
“Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result
they overuse quotations in the final paper. Probably only about 10% of your
final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you
should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while
taking notes.” Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-
47.
Paraphrase Example:
In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted
material down to the desirable level of 10% of the final draft. Since the
problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the
material recorded verbatim (Lester, 46-47).

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 3. Summary
- A short, clear description that gives the main facts or ideas about
something.
- Summaries require a special kind of writing.
- A good summary gives only main ideas. It does not include details.
- Before beginning to write a summary, you should think about who, when,
where, why, what and how.
- It involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only
the main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized
ideas to the original source.
- Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad
overview of the source material.
B. Why should use quotations, paraphrases and summaries?
- Give claims or add credibility to your result of writing.
- Refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing.
- Give examples of several points of view on a subject.
- Call attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with.
- Highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by quoting the
original.
- Distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue readers that
the words are not your own.
- Expand the breadth or depth of your writing.
- When you include a summary of a paper in your essay, you must cite the
source. If you were using APA [American Psychological Association] style in
your paper, you would include a parenthetical citation in the summary, and
you would also include a full citation in your reference list at the end of
your paper. Example: Milgram, S. (1974). The perils of obedience. In L.G.
Kirszner & S.R. Mandell (Eds.) The Blair reader (pp.725-737). Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
- When you paraphrase from a source, you restate the source's ideas in your
own words. Whereas a summary provides your readers with a condensed
overview of a source (or part of a source), a paraphrase of a source offers
your readers the same level of detail provided in the original source.
Therefore, while a summary will be shorter than the original source
material, a paraphrase will generally be about the same length as the
original source material.
-
C. Exercise.
Instruction: Read this short newspaper article then try to summarize it.
HURRICANE STRIKES-MANY HURTS
Hurricane Irene hit southeastern Florida on Friday night, causing damage and
destruction everywhere. The storm dumped 18 inches of rain on the area. The high
winds that blew up to 85 miles per hour were responsible for most of the damage
to the area. The winds knocked down trees and power lines, broke hotel windows,
and damage roofs. The wind also was to blame for ten serious injuries and several
car accidents.
Much of the city was without electricity and water this morning. In fact,
hundreds of thousands of people have no electricity. The hurricane cause several
flooding. Hundreds of people lost their homes or offices because of high winds and
heavy rains. Some of the worst flooding was in Miami, where police sometimes
needed boats to get through up to 4 feet of standing water.

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 Thousands of acres of crops were damaged or destroyed in South Florida which
supplies 75 % of the nation’s winter produce. No one knows exactly how much
money was lost in crop damage. “ I could not give you an estimate of damage to
the crops, but I would not be surprise if it were $100 million, “said the mayor of
Miami. Local official called Irene the worst storm of the hurricane season for the
area. It will take the people of Florida a long time to recover from the effect of
this hurricane.

D. SOME TIPS
How to produce a summary:
a. Read the article to be summarized and be sure you understand it.
b. Outline the article. Note the major points.
c. Write a first draft of the summary without looking at the article.
d. Always use paraphrase when writing a summary. If you do copy a phrase
from the original be sure it is a very important phrase that is necessary
and cannot be paraphrased. In this case put "quotation marks" around
the phrase.
e. Target your first draft for approximately 1/4 the length of the original.
The features of a summary:
a. Start your summary with a clear identification of the type of work, title,
author, and main point in the present tense.
Example: In the feature article "Four Kinds of Reading," the author,
Donald Hall, explains his opinion about different types of reading.
b. Check with your outline and your original to make sure you have covered
the important points.
c. Never put any of your own ideas, opinions, or interpretations into the
summary. This means you have to be very careful of your word choice.
d. Write using "summarizing language." Periodically remind your reader
that this is a summary by using phrases such as the article claims, the
author suggests, etc.
e. Write a complete bibliographic citation at the beginning of your
summary. A complete bibliographic citation includes as a minimum, the
title of the work, the author, the source. Use APA format.

E. STUDENTS ACTIVITIES
1. Read the material above then watch the video provided to make you more
understand.
2. Choose an academic article to be summarized. Topic of the article: Animation.
Year of publishing 2017-2023.
3. Lecturer will share to you the link to be fulfilled by the students. Complete the
information about your paper there. See the note whether it had been
approved or not. Title cannot be same with other students. After having the
approval, read and try to understand the whole meaning of the article.
4. Summarize it into 2 pages of A4, 1, 5 space, 12 fonts Times New Roman. Submit
in pdf file (NIM, Name, Pdf). Original source (academic article selected) must
be submit also.
5. This task would be very important since you are going to summarize the paper
at week 11. Make sure you don’t miss it.

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