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No Author/Title/Year Abstract
1 Climate Change As Indian-administered
Imperils Kashmir Kashmir continues to witness
Apples - Samaan abnormally high
Lateef, 2022 temperatures, apple growers
fear that climate change will
wipe out the region's orchards
— which produce 80% of
India's apples.
2 India’s apple Kashmiri farmers lose half
farmers count cost their harvest to early snows
of climate crisis as for third year, with fears for
snow decimates future of the region’s
crops – Aakash orchards
Hassan, 2021
Conclusion
Climate change has led to
unpredictable weather
patterns, including irregular
rainfall and hailstorms,
which have a detrimental
impact on apple production.
Farmers are experiencing
reduced yields, increased
pest and disease infestations,
and damage to their orchards.
These challenges not only
affect the income and
livelihoods of apple farmers
but also disrupt the entire
supply chain, affecting
traders, laborers, and other
stakeholders in the industry.
Snowfall can pose a
significant threat to apple
farms in Kashmir. Heavy
snowfall can damage trees,
break branches, and bury the
orchards under a thick layer
of snow. This can lead to the
loss of apple crops and result
in financial losses for
farmers. Furthermore,
snowfall can also disrupt
transportation and access to
markets, making it difficult
for farmers to sell their
produce. The accumulation
of snow can block roads and
make it challenging for
traders and laborers to reach
the orchards, impacting the
entire supply chain.
Inference
The research conducted by Samaan
Lateef highlights the significant
challenges faced by apple farmers
in Kashmir due to climate change.
The study emphasizes the potential
role of social work in developing
and implementing climate change
adaptation strategies to address
these challenges. The findings of
this research have the potential to
inform policy decisions and guide
social work interventions. By
addressing the impact of climate
change on the apple industry, these
interventions can contribute to
preserving the socio-economic
stability and cultural identity of the
region. Overall, this research
proposal underscores the
importance of understanding and
addressing the challenges faced by
apple farmers in Kashmir due to
climate change. It emphasizes the
potential of social work in
developing and implementing
effective strategies to enhance
climate change resilience and
ensure the sustainability of the
apple industry in the region.
The article highlights the
significant threat that snowfall
poses to apple farms in Kashmir,
particularly in terms of damaging
trees, burying orchards under snow,
and causing financial losses for
farmers. It also mentions how
snowfall can disrupt transportation
and access to markets, making it
difficult for farmers to sell their
produce. To address these
challenges, social work
interventions are suggested, such as
organizing relief efforts to clear
snow from orchards, providing
emergency supplies and resources,
and facilitating access to markets
through alternative transportation
methods. Collaborating with local
authorities and organizations to
develop early warning systems for

3 Apple Economy in The changing pattern in the The apple economy in
Jammu and economy of apple farming Jammu and Kashmir has
Kashmir: Changing and its productivity in witnessed a changing
Paradigm – Sanjeev Kashmir. paradigm due to
Kumar Chadha, technological advancements,
2023 government support, and
improved infrastructure.
These factors have
contributed to increased
productivity, enhanced
market access, and improved
incomes for apple growers.
However, it is essential to
address the challenges and
risks associated with climate
change and pest management
to ensure the long-term
sustainability of the apple
industry in the region.
snowfall events is also proposed.
The overall importance of
addressing the impact of snowfall
on apple farms in Kashmir is
emphasized, as it is crucial for
ensuring the sustainability and
resilience of the apple industry.
Social work interventions are seen
as playing a vital role in supporting
farmers during snowfall events and
advocating for policies that enhance
their adaptive capacity. The
inference from the article is that the
climate crisis, including increased
snowfall, is significantly impacting
India's apple farmers, leading to
crop devastation and financial
losses.
Based on the discussion of the
apple economy in Jammu and
Kashmir and the changing
paradigm, we can draw several key
inferences:
Technological advancements have
played a crucial role in
transforming the apple economy in
Jammu and Kashmir. Improved
agricultural practices and post-
harvest techniques have resulted in
increased productivity and higher-
quality apples.
Government support and initiatives
have been instrumental in
promoting the apple industry.
Financial assistance, subsidies, and
training programs have encouraged
farmers to adopt modern techniques
and expand apple cultivation.
The improvement of transportation
and infrastructure has facilitated
market access and trade
opportunities for apple growers in
Jammu and Kashmir. Better road
connectivity, cold storage facilities,
and fruit mandis have reduced post-
harvest losses and enabled access to
wider markets.

4 High-Density After witnessing the slump
Apple Farming for the last few years due to
brings Smiles back unseasonal, heavy snowfall,
on faces of scab, low prices and multiple
Kashmir Farmers – lockdowns, high-density
Zulfikar Majid, apple farming has brought
2021 back smiles on the faces of
apple farmers in Kashmir.
5 Problems in Apple Apple farming is a critical
Farming: A Case of economic activity in the
Kashmir Valley – Kashmir valley, providing
Dr. Bilal Ahmad livelihoods to thousands of
Sheikh, Dr. S.H. farmers. However, apple
Baba, 2023 farmers in the region face
several challenges that hinder
their productivity and
profitability. These challenges
High-density apple farming
has the potential to bring
smiles back to the faces of
Kashmir farmers. The
adoption of modern
agricultural practices can
positively impact farmers by
increasing and improving
their livelihoods.
The challenges faced by
apple farmers in Kashmir can
be minimized through the
adoption of sustainable and
climate-resilient farming
practices, access to irrigation
facilities, promotion of good
agricultural practices,
investment in infrastructure,
While the changing paradigm
presents opportunities for the apple
economy, challenges and risks
persist. Climate change and pest
management remain significant
concerns that need to be effectively
addressed to ensure the long-term
sustainability of the apple industry.
Overall, the inferences highlight the
positive impact of technological
advancements, government support,
and infrastructure development on
the apple economy in Jammu and
Kashmir. However, it also
emphasizes the need for continued
efforts to mitigate challenges and
risks for the industry's
sustainable growth.
High density apple farming, as
mentioned earlier, involves planting
apple trees at a higher density. This
farming technique can have several
advantages, such as increased yield
per unit of land, efficient resource
utilization, and better management
of orchards. These factors can
contribute to improved productivity
and profitability for farmers.
If high density apple farming has
brought smiles back to the faces of
Kashmir farmers, it suggests that
they are experiencing positive
outcomes from this farming
practice. It could indicate that they
are witnessing higher crop yields,
increased income, improved
livelihoods, or enhanced overall
well-being. These positive changes
could lead to a sense of satisfaction
and happiness among the farmers.
The Kashmir Valley, known for its
favorable climate and suitable
conditions for apple cultivation, is a
significant apple-producing region
in India. However, there can be
various problems that farmers
encounter in this specific context.
Some potential challenges in apple
farming in the Kashmir Valley
 include climate change,
unseasonal snowfall, lack of
credit and insurance, pest
attacks, high input costs,
market access, and the
selection of proper
fungicides. Climate change
has caused a shift in the
apple-growing regions and
has led to increased pest
attacks, while unseasonal
snowfall damages the apple
trees and reduces the yield.
Lack of credit and insurance
prevents farmers from
investing in their farms,
while high input costs and
the selection of proper
fungicides add to their
production costs. Market
access remains a significant
challenge for farmers, with
many of them having to sell
their produce at lower prices
due to a lack of proper market
infrastructure. These
challenges require immediate
attention and support from
the government and other
stakeholders to ensure the
sustainability of apple
cultivation in the region and
the livelihoods of the farmers.
In this context, this paper
aims to highlight the
challenges faced by apple
farmers in the Kashmir
valley, their impact on apple
cultivation, and the measures
that can be taken to address
these challenges. The paper
also aims to create awareness
among stakeholders regarding
the importance of sustainable
apple cultivation and the need
to support apple farmers in
the region
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ban on substandard
fungicides and pesticides
and availability of
fungicides and pesticides
through government
horticulture department.
These measures will require
the cooperation and
collaboration of farmers,
government, and other
stakeholders to achieve
sustainable and profitable
apple farming in Kashmir.
could include:
Weather-related issues: Extreme
weather events, such as hailstorms,
frost, or unseasonal rains, can
damage apple crops and lead to
significant losses for farmers.
Pest and disease management:
Apple orchards are susceptible to
various pests and diseases, such as
apple scab, codling moth, or
powdery mildew. Managing these
issues effectively can be
challenging and require dedicated
efforts and resources.
Market volatility: Fluctuations in
market prices, changing consumer
preferences, or inadequate market
access can pose challenges for
farmers in selling their apple
produce at profitable rates.
Limited infrastructure and
technology: Insufficient access to
modern farming techniques,
infrastructure, and post-harvest
facilities can hinder productivity
and quality improvement.
Water availability and irrigation:
The availability of adequate water
for irrigation purposes, especially
during dry periods, can be a
concern for apple farmers.
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