Solutions to 2016 Mathematics Extended Part (Module 2)

By Jacky Chan

優悅教育網站：https://goo.gl/iknCNW

1 5  x 4  5 4  453 x  C24 5 2 x 2  C34 5x 3  x 4

 625  500 x  150 x 2  20 x 3  x 4
3 2 3
 2 2 2 2
1    1  3   3    
 x  x  x  x
6 12 8
 1  2  3
x x x
The constant term required  6251  500 6  15012  20 8
 735

P.1 (16) © Jacky Chan Yui Him (2016)

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2
1 1
L.H.S.  
x xh
xh  x

x x  h 
xh  x xh  x
 
x x  h  xh  x


x  h   x
x  h  x  x x  h
h

x  h  x x xh
 R.H.S.
1 1 h
Therefore,   .
x xh x  h  x x xh
3 3

d 3 xh x
 lim
d x x h 0 h
1 1

x xh
  3 lim
h 0 h
 h 
 
 x  h  x  x x  h 
  3 lim
h 0
from a 
h
1
  3 lim
h 0
x  h  x  x x  h
 1 
  3 
 x  0 x  x x  0 
3

2x x

P.2 (16) © Jacky Chan Yui Him (2016)

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3a
The area of OPQ 
u 2e u  
2
 ue u

b Let A be the area of OPQ .

Note that OQ  2e u .
A  ue u
OQ OQ
A ln
2 2
d A 1  OQ  d OQ
  ln  1
dt 2  2  dt
d OQ
When u  4 and  6,
dt
OQ  2e 4
d A 1  2e 4 
  ln  16
dt 2  2 
 15
Therefore, the required rate of change is 15 per second.
4a The vertical asymptote is x  1.
Let y  ax  b be other asymptotes, where a and b are real constants.
f x 
a  lim
x  x
 2x 2  x  1 
 
 x  1 
 lim
x  x
1 1
2  2
 lim x x
x  1
1
x
200

1 0
2

P.3 (16) © Jacky Chan Yui Him (2016)

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 b  lim f  x   2 x 
x 

 2x 2  x  1 
 lim   2 x 
x 
 x 1 
3x  1
 lim
x  x  1

1
3
 lim x
x  1
1
x
30

1 0
3
Therefore, the oblique asymptote is y  2 x  3 .
Hence, the asymptotes of G are x  1 and y  2 x  3 .
b
4x  1 2x 2  x  1
f'  x   
x 1 x  12

4 x  1x  1  2 x 2  x  1
x  12
2x 2  4x  2

x  12
22  42  2
2
The slope of the tangent at 2,11 
2  12
 2
1
The slope of the normal at 2,11 
2
1

2

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5a
Let Pn  be “   1 k 2 
n
k  1n nn  1 ”.
k 1 2
For n  1,
1
L.H.S.    1 k 2
k

k 1

  1 1
1 2

 1

R.H.S. 
 11 11  1
2
 1
 L.H.S.
Therefore, P1 is true.
Assume Pm is true for some positive integer m,
m
 1 mm  1
m

  1 
k 2
i.e. k
k 1 2
Then for n  m  1 ,
m 1
L.H.S.    1 k 2
k

k 1
m
   1 k 2   1 m  12
k m 1

k 1


 1m mm  1   1m1 m  12
2


 1 m  1m  2m  1
m


 1 m  1 m  2
m


 1 m  1m  2
m 1


 1 m  1m  1  1
m 1

2
 R.H.S.
Therefore, Pm  1 is also true.
By the principle of mathematical induction, Pn  is true for all positive
integers n.

  1 k 2    1 k 2   1 12    1 2 2 
b 333
k 1 k 1
333
2

k 3 k 1


 1 333333  1
333
1 4
2
 55614
P.5 (16) © Jacky Chan Yui Him (2016)
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6a Let f x   4 x 3  2 x 2  3x  1 .
f  1  4 1  2 1  3 1  1
3 2

0
Therefore, x  1 
is a factor of 4 x 3  2 x 2  3x  1 . 
cos 3  cos   2 
b

 cos  cos 2  sin  sin 2

 
 cos  2 cos 2   1  sin  2 sin  cos  

 2 cos 3   cos   2 1  cos 2  cos  
 4 cos   3 cos 
3

c 3 2
Note that cos   cos .
5 5
3 2
  cos
cos
5 5
    
4 cos 3  3 cos   2 cos 2  1
5 5  5 
  
4 cos 3  2 cos 2  3 cos 1  0
5 5 5
    
4 cos 3  4 cos 2  2 cos 2  2 cos  cos 1  0
5 5 5 5 5
   2   
 cos  1 4 cos  2 cos  1  0
 5  5 5 

  
cos  1 rej.  or 4 cos 2  2 cos 1  0
5 5 5
 
4 cos 2  2 cos 1  0
5 5
   2    22  44 1
cos 
5 24 
1 5 1 5
cos  rej. or
5 4 4
 1 5
cos 
5 4
3 2
cos   cos
5 5
 1  5 2 
  2   1
  4  
 
1 5

4
P.6 (16) © Jacky Chan Yui Him (2016)
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  1    
7a
t 1 d t   1 2 t 1  t 1 d t
2

  t  2  2 
t 1 d t
t2
 2t  t  1 2  C
4 3

2 3
b
y  4x 2  4x
4x 2  4x  y  0
  4   42  44 y 
x
24 
1 y 1 1 y 1
x rej. or
2 2
1 y 1
x
2
2
1 y 1 
  dy
48
The required volume   
0  2 
 


4
1 
0
48
y 1 d y2

48
  y2 3
   2 y   y  1 2  from a 
4
4 2 3 0
 426

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8ai 2
1 0
A  
2

1 1 
1 0
  
2 1 

ii 1 0  1 0   1 0 1 0 
Note that       when k is real, and A1    .
1 1  k 1   k  1 1  1 1 
 1 0
Hence, A n    .
 n 1
iii  
det A n  det  A
n

 1n
1
A   A 
1 n n 1

1 1 0
  
1 n 1 
 1 0
  
 n 1 

bi n 1
2n  1
 2k 
k 0 2 1
 2n  1
ii 1 0  1 0   1 0
Note that       .
1 2  a b   2a  1 2b 
n
1 0 
Let Tn be the first entry of the second row of   .
1 2 

Tn  2Tn 1  1
 22Tn  2  1  1
 2 2 Tn  2  2  1
 ... repeating the process
 2 n 1 T1  2 n  2  2 n 1  2 n  2  ...  2 2  2  1
 2 n 1 1  2 n  2  2 n 1  2 n  2  ...  2 2  2  1
n 1
  2k
k 0

 2n  1 from i 
n
1 0   1 0
Hence,     n .
n
 1 2   2  1 2 
P.8 (16) © Jacky Chan Yui Him (2016)
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9a Since the graph of y  f x  passes through P,

f  1  10
 13  a 12  b 1  5  10
a  b  6      1

f' x   3x 2  2ax  b
Since P is a turning point of C,

f'  1  0
3 1  2a 1  b  0
2

2a  b  3      2

2  1 : a  3
Sub. a  3 into (1),
3b  6
b  9
a  3
Therefore,  .
b  9
b f' ' x   6 x  6
f' '  1  6 1  6
 12
0
Therefore, P is a maximum point of C.
c Put f' x   0 ,
3x 2  6 x  9  0
x 2  2x  3  0
x  1x  3  0
x  1 or 3
x x  1 1  x  3 x3
f' x  + – +
Therefore, the minimum value is attained when x  3 .
The minimum value required  f 3
 33  33  93  5
2

 22
d Put f' ' x   0 ,
6x  6  0
x 1
x x 1 x 1
f' ' x  – +

P.9 (16) © Jacky Chan Yui Him (2016)

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 f 1  13  31  91  5
2

 6
Therefore, the point of inflexion of C is 1,6 .
e f x   10
x 3  3x 2  9 x  5  10
x 3  3x 2  9 x  5  0
x 3  x 2  4 x 2  4 x  5x  5  0
x 2  x  1  4 x x  1  5 x  1  0
x  1x 2  4 x  5  0
x  1x  1x  5  0
x  12 x  5  0
x  1 or 5

The area required   10  f x d x

5

1
5
 
  10  x 3  3x 2  9 x  5 d x
1

5

   x 3  3x 2  9 x  5 d x
1

5
 x4 9 
   x 3  x 2  5x
4 2  1
 108

P.10 (16) © Jacky Chan Yui Him (2016)

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10a Let u  a  x .
Then, d u   d x .
When x  0 , u  a and when x  a , u  0 .
R.H.S.   f a  x  d x
a

  f u  d u 
0

  f u  d u
a

  f x  d x
a

 L.H.S.

 f xd x   f a  xd x .
a a
Therefore,
0 0

b  
Note that 1  tan x  0 on 0,  .
 4
 
Therefore, the function ln 1  tan x  is continuous on 0,  .
 4

L.H.S.   4 ln 1  tan x  d x
0

  
  4 ln 1  tan  x  d x from a 
0
 4 
  
  tan  tan x 
  4 ln 1  4 d x
0  1  tan  tan x 
 
 4 

1  tan x  1  tan x
  4 ln dx
0 1  tan x

 2 
  4 ln  d x
0
 1  tan x 
 R.H.S.
 
 2 
Therefore,  ln 1  tan xd x  
0
4
0
4 ln  d x.
 1  tan x 
c   
 
ln 1  tan x  d x   4 ln 
2
0
4
0
 1  tan x
 d x  04 ln 2 d x

 
2 4 ln 1  tan x  d x  ln 2x 04
0

 
2 4 ln 1  tan x  d x  ln 2 
0
4

 ln 2
 ln 1  tan x d x  8
0
4

P.11 (16) © Jacky Chan Yui Him (2016)

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  
d x sec 2 x
dtan x 
x
0
4
1  tan x
d x  4
0 1  tan x


  4 x dln 1  tan x 
0
 
 x ln 1  tan x    4 ln 1  tan x  d x
4
0 0

  ln 2
 ln 2  from c 
4 8
 ln 2

8
11ai
1 1 1
I
 4 6 a
5 1  a 3a  1
 63a  1  41  a   5a  30  a1  a   43a  1
 a 2  14a  24
 a  2a  12

Since (E) has a unique solution,

0
a  2a  12  0
a  2 and a  12
II 3 1 1
x  b 6 a
b  1 1  a 3a  1
 183a  1  b1  a   ab  1  6b  1  3a1  a   b3a  1
 3a 2  ab  50a  6b  24
1 3 1
y  4 b a
5 b  1 3a  1
 b3a  1  4b  1  15a  5b  ab  1  123a  1
 2ab  20a  16
1 1 3
z  4 6 b
5 1 a b 1
 6b  1  121  a   5b  90  b1  a   4b  1
 ab  12a  6b  80

P.12 (16) © Jacky Chan Yui Him (2016)

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 x
x

3a 2  ab  50a  6b  24

a  2a  12
y
y

2ab  20a  16

a  2a  12
z
z

ab  12a  6b  80

a  2a  12
 3a 2  ab  50a  6b  24
x 
 a  2a  12
 2ab  20a  16
Therefore,  y  .
 a  2a  12
 ab  12a  6b  80
z 
 a  2a  12
iiI
 x  y z 3

When a  2 , (E) becomes (F): 4 x  6 y  2 z  b .
5 x  3 y  7 z  b  1


The augmented matrix of (F)

1 1  1 3  1 1  1 3 
   
 4 6  2 b    0 2 2 b  12 
 5 3  7 b  1  0 1 1 1 
   
 
1 0  2 2 
 
 0 1 1 1 
 
 0 0 0 b
 7 
 2 
Since (F) is consistent,
b
7  0
2
b  14

P.13 (16) © Jacky Chan Yui Him (2016)

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 x  2z  2
When b  14 , (F) becomes  .
 y  z 1
Let z  t , where t is real.
x  2t  2
x  2t  2
y t 1
y  1 t

 x  2t  2

Therefore,  y  1  t , where t is real.
z  t


b Note that the equations in the given system are equivalent to those of (F)
when b  14 by dividing both sides of the second equation of (F) when
b  14 by 2.

 x  2t  2

Hence,  y  1  t , where t is real.
z  t


x 2  y 2  6 z 2  2t  2  1  t   6t 2
2 2

 t 2  6t  5
 t  3  14
2

 14 for all real values of t

Hence, there is no real solution as required.

P.14 (16) © Jacky Chan Yui Him (2016)

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12a
PA  OA  OP
 2 j  2k   i  tj
 i  t  2j  2k

PB  OB  OP
 4i  j  k   i  tj
 3i  t  1j  k

PA  PB

 12  2  t 2  2 2  32  1  t 2  12
t  22  5  t  12  10
t  1
bi
AB  OB  OA
 4i  j  k   2 j  2k 
 4i  j  k

AC  OC  OA
 2i  j  4k   2 j  2k 
 2i  3j  2k

i j k
AB  AC  4  1  1
2 3 2
 5i  10 j  10k

The required unit vector 

1
AB  AC 
 52   102   102

1
 5i  10 j  10k 
15
1 2 2
  i  j k
3 3 3
ii
CD  OD  OC
 3i  2 j  5k   2i  j  4k 
 i  3j  k

P.15 (16) © Jacky Chan Yui Him (2016)

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 Let θ be the angle between CD and the unit vector in (i).
 1 2 
CD 1 cos   CD    i  j  k 
2
 3 3 3 
 1 2 
12  3 2  12 cos   i  3j  k     i  j  k 
2
 3 3 3 
 1  2  2
11 cos   1    3    1  
 3  3  3
 3 
  arccos   
 11 
3
    arccos
11
Let α be the required angle.

 
2
 3
    arccos
2 11
 3
  arccos
2 11
 3 
Therefore, the required angle is   arccos .
2 11 
iii
PF  PA  PB  PC
PF  PC   i  3j  2k   3i  2 j  k 
CF  2i  5 j  3k

DF  CF  CD
 2i  5 j  3k   i  3j  k 
 i  2 j  2k

  1 2 2  1 2 2 
DE   DC    i  j  k   i  j  k 
  3 3 3  3 3 3 
  1 2 2  1 2 2 
  CD    i  j  k   i  j  k 
  3 3 3  3 3 3 
 i  2 j  2k
  DF
Therefore, D, E and F are collinear, where D is the mid-point of EF.

P.16 (16) © Jacky Chan Yui Him (2016)

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