PETE 343

PETROLEUM RESERVOIR
ENGINEERING - I
MATERIAL BALANCE EQUATION - EXAMPLES

Fall 2023 – 2024 Chapter-7 Examples

 EXAMPLE - 1
Determine the fractional oil recovery, during depletion down to
bubble point pressure, for the reservoir whose PVT parameters
are listed below

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 EXAMPLE - 1

𝑃 > 𝑃𝑏 𝑚=0

𝑅𝑝 = 𝑅𝑠𝑖 = 𝑅𝑠

𝑊𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑊𝑝 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒

𝐵𝑜 − 𝐵𝑜𝑖 𝐶𝑤 𝑆𝑤𝑐 + 𝐶𝑓
𝑁𝑝 𝐵𝑜 = 𝑁𝐵𝑜𝑖 + ∆𝑃
𝐵𝑜𝑖 1 − 𝑆𝑤𝑐

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 EXAMPLE - 1
𝐵𝑜 − 𝐵𝑜𝑖 ∆𝑃 𝑆𝑜 𝐶𝑤 𝑆𝑤𝑐 + 𝐶𝑓
𝑁𝑝 𝐵𝑜 = 𝑁𝐵𝑜𝑖 + ∆𝑃
𝐵𝑜𝑖 ∆𝑃 1 − 𝑆𝑤𝑐 1 − 𝑆𝑤𝑐

𝐵𝑜 − 𝐵𝑜𝑖 1 𝑆𝑜 𝐶𝑤 𝑆𝑤𝑐 + 𝐶𝑓
𝑁𝑝 𝐵𝑜 = 𝑁𝐵𝑜𝑖 + ∆𝑃
𝐵𝑜𝑖 ∆𝑃 1 − 𝑆𝑤𝑐 1 − 𝑆𝑤𝑐

1 ∆𝐵𝑜
𝐶𝑜 =
𝐵𝑜𝑖 ∆𝑃

𝐶𝑜 𝑆𝑜 + 𝐶𝑤 𝑆𝑤𝑐 + 𝐶𝑓
𝑁𝑝 𝐵𝑜 = 𝑁𝐵𝑜𝑖 ∆𝑃
1 − 𝑆𝑤𝑐

𝐶𝑜 𝑆𝑜 + 𝐶𝑤 𝑆𝑤𝑐 + 𝐶𝑓
𝐶𝑒 =
1 − 𝑆𝑤𝑐

𝑁𝑝 𝐵𝑜 = 𝑁𝐵𝑜𝑖 𝐶𝑒 ∆𝑃

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 EXAMPLE - 1

∆𝑃 = 4000 − 3330 = 670 𝑝𝑠𝑖

𝑁𝑃
= 1.52 % 17 % pressure drop of the initial, but a very low recovery
𝑁

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 EXAMPLE - 2
Determine an expression for the recovery at abandonment
pressure of 900 psia as a function of the cumulative gas oil ratio Rp.

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 EXAMPLE - 2
Below the bubble point pressure gas will be liberated from the
saturated oil and a free gas saturation will develop in the reservoir.

Compressibility of gas is two orders of magnitude greater than

the water and pore compressibility. As a result, the latter two
are usually neglected in the material balance equation.
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 EXAMPLE - 2

𝑃 < 𝑃𝑏 𝑚=0
𝑅𝑝 ≠ 𝑅𝑠𝑖 ≠ 𝑅𝑠
𝑊𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑊𝑝 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒

𝑁𝑃 𝐵𝑜 + 𝑅𝑃 − 𝑅𝑠 𝐵𝑔 = 𝑁 𝐵𝑜 − 𝐵𝑜𝑖 + 𝑅𝑠𝑖 − 𝑅𝑠 𝐵𝑔

𝑁𝑃 𝐵𝑜 − 𝐵𝑜𝑖 + 𝑅𝑠𝑖 − 𝑅𝑠 𝐵𝑔
=
𝑁 𝐵𝑜 + 𝑅𝑃 − 𝑅𝑠 𝐵𝑔

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 EXAMPLE - 2
Now, the system must
be updated

𝑃𝑖 = 𝑃𝑏 = 3330 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎

𝐵𝑜𝑖 = 1.2511 rb/STB

𝑁𝑢𝑝𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 = 𝑁 − 𝑁𝑃,𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑃𝑏

𝑁𝑃 𝐵𝑜 − 𝐵𝑜𝑖 + 𝑅𝑠𝑖 − 𝑅𝑠 𝐵𝑔 1.0940 − 1.2511 + 510 − 122 0.00339

= =
𝑁 𝐵𝑜 + 𝑅𝑃 − 𝑅𝑠 𝐵𝑔 1.0940 + 𝑅𝑃 − 122 0.00339

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 EXAMPLE - 2
Now, the system must
be updated

𝑃𝑖 = 𝑃𝑏 = 3330 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎

𝐵𝑜𝑖 = 1.2511 rb/STB

𝑁𝑢𝑝𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 = 𝑁 − 𝑁𝑃,𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑃𝑏

𝑁𝑃 𝐵𝑜 − 𝐵𝑜𝑖 + 𝑅𝑠𝑖 − 𝑅𝑠 𝐵𝑔 1.0940 − 1.2511 + 510 − 122 0.00339

= =
𝑁 𝐵𝑜 + 𝑅𝑃 − 𝑅𝑠 𝐵𝑔 1.0940 + 𝑅𝑃 − 122 0.00339

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 EXAMPLE - 2

𝑁𝑃 346.88
=
𝑁 𝑅𝑝 + 200.71

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 EXAMPLE - 3
The cumulative oil production, Np, and cumulative gas oil ratio, Rp,
as functions of average reservoir pressure over the first 10 years of
production for a gas cap reservoir follow. Use the Havlena-Odeh
approach to estimate the followings:
• Initial oil-in-place (STB)
• Free gas-in-place (SCF)
• Solution gas-in-place (SCF)
Pressure Np Rp Bo Rs Bg
(psia) (MM STB) (SCF/STB) (bbl/STB) (SCF/STB) (bbl/SCF)
3330 0 0 1.2511 510 0.00087
3150 3.295 1050 1.2353 477 0.00092
3000 5.903 1060 1.2222 450 0.00096
2850 8.852 1160 1.2122 425 0.00101
2700 11.503 1235 1.2022 401 0.00107
2550 14.513 1265 1.1922 375 0.00113
2400 17.730 1300 1.1822 352 0.00120

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 THE MATERIAL BALANCE EXPRESSED AS LINEAR EQUATION

Havlena and Odeh proposed the following definitions to express

the material balance equation as linear equation for different
cases
Underground withdrawal:

Expansion of the oil and its originally dissolved gas:

Expansion of the gas-cap gas:

Expansion of the water and pore volume reduction:

- Havlena, D. and Odeh, A.S., 1963. The Material Balance as an Equation of a Straight Line. J.Pet.Tech. August: 896-900. Trans., AIME, 228.
- Havlena, D. and Odeh, A.S., 1964. The Material Balance as an Equation of a Straight Line. Part II - Field Cases. J.Pet.Tech. July: 815-822.
Trans., AIME., 231.

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 THE MATERIAL BALANCE EXPRESSED AS LINEAR EQUATION

Using these terms MBE can be written as:

- Havlena, D. and Odeh, A.S., 1963. The Material Balance as an Equation of a Straight Line. J.Pet.Tech. August: 896-900. Trans., AIME, 228.
- Havlena, D. and Odeh, A.S., 1964. The Material Balance as an Equation of a Straight Line. Part II - Field Cases. J.Pet.Tech. July: 815-822.
Trans., AIME., 231.

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 THE MATERIAL BALANCE EXPRESSED AS LINEAR EQUATION

✓ Gas cap drive m>0

✓ Negligible water influx We neglected
✓ Negligible water and pore volume expansion Ef,w neglected

𝐹 = N 𝐸𝑜 + 𝑚𝐸𝑔 x

x
If m is unknown x
Nm
x

𝐹 𝐸𝑔
= N + Nm N
𝐸𝑜 𝐸𝑜
Eg/Eo

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 EXAMPLE - 3
Pressure Np Rp Bo Rs Bg
(psia) (MM STB) (SCF/STB) (bbl/STB) (SCF/STB) (bbl/SCF)
3330 0 0 1.2511 510 0.00087
3150 3.295 1050 1.2353 477 0.00092
3000 5.903 1060 1.2222 450 0.00096 GIVEN
2850 8.852 1160 1.2122 425 0.00101
2700 11.503 1235 1.2022 401 0.00107
2550 14.513 1265 1.1922 375 0.00113
2400 17.730 1300 1.1822 352 0.00120

Pressure F Eo Eg F/Eo Eg/Eo

(psia) (rbbl) (rbbl/STB) (rbbl/STB) (STB)
3330 0 0 0
3150 5807305.7 0.01456 0.0719023 398.85341 4.938345
CALCULATED
3000 10671443.4 0.0287 0.1294241 371.8273 4.509552
2850 17301676.6 0.04695 0.2013264 368.51281 4.288103
2700 24093953.74 0.06773 0.2876092 355.73533 4.246408
2550 31898122.7 0.09365 0.373892 340.60996 3.992439
2400 41130054 0.1207 0.4745552 340.76267 3.931692

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 EXAMPLE - 3

F/Eo (MMSTB)

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 NOMENCLATURE

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