FLUID MECHANICS – PRACTICE PROBLEMS

1. The density of water is typically taken as 62.3 b. 11.6

lbm/ft3. For engineering problems where c. 15.6
greater accuracy is not required, what is the d. 9.4
value in kg/m3? Solution:
a. 999 Q = AV
b. 997.4 π m3
c. 1000 Q = (0.020)2 (1.75) = 5.4977 ×10 − 4
4 sec
d. 1.4
 m 
3
1000 3 (30 tubes ) = 16.5 Li sec
Li
Solution: Q =  5.4977 ×10 − 4 
 sec  m 
 35.31 ft 3 m 3 
(
ρ = 62.3 lbm ft 3  )  = 997.4 kg m 3

 2.205 lbm kg  5. Determine the friction head loss for fully
2. What is the sea level (g = 32.2 ft/sec2) specific developed laminar flow of a liquid at 40 C ( =
weight (lbf/ft3) of liquids with densities of 65.5 1202 kg/m3) through an 8 m diameter. 75 m
lbm/ft3? long pipe, if friction factor is 0.195 and a flow
a. 32.2 rate of 2 kg/s.
b. 42.2 a. 1.02 m
c. 65.5 b. 1.20 m
d. 76.7 c. 2.02 m
Solution: d. 3.20 m
 density in lbm ft 3  Solution:
γ = ρg = g 

 gc  Q = AV
V = 0.331 m s
) 32.2 lbm 
3
65.5 lbm ft
γ = (32.2 ft sec 2
2

 Frictional head loss:
 − ft lbf − sec  fLV 2
γ = 65.5 lbf ft 3 (c) hf =
2gD
3. What is the flow rate through a pipe 4 inches in (0.195)(75)(0.331)2
hf = = 1.02 m
diameter carrying water at a velocity of 11 ft/s? 2(9.81)(0.08)
a. 726 cm3/s
b. 19184 cm3/s 6. Air at atmospheric pressure and with a mean
c. 993 cm3/s velocity of 1.0 m/s, flows inside a square section
d. 27183 cm3/s duct of side b = 4 cm. If the air temperature is
Solution: 350 K, determine the Reynolds Number. (at 350
D = 4 in = 10.16 cm K, viscosity = 20.76 x 10-6 m2/s.)
V = 11 ft s = 132 in s = 335.28 cm s a. Re = 1296.8
b. Re = 1926.8
c. Re = 1629.8
π 
Q = AV =  (10.16)2 (335.28) = 27,182.3 cm 3 s (c) d. Re = 1962.8
4
Solution:
Hydraulic Diameter for square duct
4. Oil flow through a 30 tubes condenser with a
4b 2
velocity of 1.75 m/s. The internal diameter of D= = b = 4 cm = 0.04 m
tube is 20 mm an oil density is 0.90 gm/mL. Find 4b
the volume flow in liters per second. DV (0.04)(1.0)
Re = = = 1926.8 (b)
a. 16.5 µ 20.76 ×10 −6

1
 water flow rate is 0.020 m3/s, find the pressure
7. If the absolute pressure at the bottom of the difference at the top and bottom.
ocean is 300 kPa, how deep is the water at this a. 104 kPa
point? b. 220 kPa
a. 16.66 m c. 300 kPa
b. 19.66 m d. 901 kPa
c. 29.66 m Solution:
d. 39.66 m p1 V12 p V2
Solution: + + z1 = 2 + 2 + z 2
γ 2g γ 2g
Pabs = Pg + Patm
V 2 V 2 
300 = Pg + 101.325 p1 − p2 = γ  2 − 1 + z 2 − z1 
 2g 2g 
Pg = 198.675 kPa Q 0.020
V1 = = = 3.97 m s
A1 π
Pg
(0.080)2
198.675 4
H= = = 19.66 m
S.G. × γ 1.03 × 9.81 Q 0.020
V2 = = = 15.91 m s
A2 π (0.040 )2
8. An open chamber rests on the ocean floor in 4
160 ft of sea water (SG = 1.03). What air  (15.91)2 − (3.97 )2 
pressure in psig must be maintained inside to p1 − p2 = 9.81 + 0 − 1.5 = 103.96 kPa
 2(9.81) 
exclude water?
a. 45.6 (a)
b. 71.4 11. Engine oil at 40 C (r = 875 kg/m3) flow into a 2.5
c. 60.9 cm diameter horizontal pipe with a velocity of 1
d. 93.2 m/s and exits through a nozzle of 0.5 cm
Solution: diameter. If the pressure drop is 538 kN/m2,
P = S.G. × γ × H = 1.03 × 62.4 ×160 what must be the exit velocity.
a. 35 m/s
P = 10,283.52 lb ft 2 = 71.41 psig b. 30 m/s
c. 25 m/s
9. Water flows through a 10-cm diameter, 100 m d. 20 m/s
long connecting two reservoirs with an Solution:
elevation difference of 40 m, the average Bernoulli’s Equation
velocity is 6 m/s. Neglecting minor losses, the γ = (875 kg m3 )(9.81 m s 2 ) = 8,583 N m3 = 8.583 kN m3
friction factor is:
a. 0.020 p1 − p2 = 538 kN m 2
b. 0.024 p1 V12 p V2
c. 0.022 + + z1 = 2 + 2 + z 2
γ 2g γ 2g
d. 0.026
 p −p V2 
Solution: V22 = 2g  1 2 + 1 + z1 − z 2 
Darcy’s Equation  γ 2g 
fLV 2  538 (1)2

hf = V22 = 2(9.81) + + 0
2gD  8.583 2(9.81) 
f (100)(6)2 V2 = 35 m s (a)
40 =
2(9.81)(0.1)
f = 0.0218 12. If the specific weight of liquid is 583.5 lbf/cubic
foot, what is the specific volume of the liquid?
10. A 1.5 m pipe stands vertically with 0.08 m top a. 1.0657 cm3/g
diameter and 0.04 m bottom diameter. If the b. 0.6748 cm3/g
c. 0.9504 cm3/g

2
 d. 0.5321 cm3/g b. 5930
Solution: c. 58
1 1 ft 3 d. 9189
Specific volume = = = 0.017094 Solution:
density 58.5 lbf
3
 ft 3  2.2 lb  1728 in3  2.54 cm 
=  0.017094    
 lbf  1000 g  1 ft 3  1 in 
vDρ
= 1.065 cm3 g (a) Re =
µ
 2 ×12 
13. Determine the vertical pressure in N/m2 due to  (11)
a column of water 85 m high. (ECE Board Re =  39.37 
= 5930 (b)
November 2001). 1.131
a. 8.33 x 103 17. Water is flowing through a cast iron pipe at the
b. 8.33 x 106 rate of 3500 GPM. The inside diameter of pipe
c. 8.33 x 104 is 8 in. Find the flow velocity. (ME Board).
d. 8.33 x 105 a. 6.81 m/s
Solution: b. 8.35 m/s
c. 1.70 m/s
( )
p = γH = 9810 kN m 3 (85 m ) = 8.33 × 105 N m 2 (d)
d. 105 m/s
14. T
he pressure 3 meters below the free surface of Solution:
a liquid is 3.2 lb per in2. What is the specific Q = AV
gravity of the liquid? (ECE Board). (3500)(231) = π (8)V
a. 46 4
b. 75 V = 16084.5 in min = 6.81 m s (a)
c. 0.75
d. 0.11 18. Determine the velocity of the fluid in a tank at
Solution: the exit, given that surface h1 = 2 m and h2 = 5
(
p (3.2 psi ) 144 in 2 ft 2
Specific weight (liquid ) = γ = =
) cm. (ME Board).
h (3 m)(3.28 ft m) a. 8.2 m/sec
b. 6.2 m/sec
Specific weight(liquid ) = 46.83 lb ft 3 c. 5.3 m/sec
Specific gravity = 46.83 / 62.4 = 0.75 (c) d. 20 m/sec
15. A stone weighs 105 lbs in air and 83 lb in water. Solution:
Find the specific gravity of the stone. (ECE
V = 2gh = 2(9.81)(2 − 0.05)
Board).
a. 2.98 V = 6.2 m s (b)
b. 0.35 19. Determine the friction head loss for fully
c. 4.77 developed laminar flow of ethylene glycol at 40
d. 2.21 C ( = 1101 kg/m3) through a 5 cm diameter, 50
Solution: m long pipe, if friction factor is (ME Board).
Volume (stone) = Volume (water displaced) a. 6.42 m
105 − 83 b. 2.64 m
= = 0.352564 ft 3 c. 3.46 m
62.4
Specific Weight (stone) = 105 / 0.352564 = 297.82 lb/ft3 d. 5.32 m
Specific gravity (stone) = 297.82 / 62.4 = 4.77 (c) Solution:
16. Water is flowing in a pipe with radius of 12 Q = AV
inches and a velocity of 11 m/sec. The viscosity m
= AV
of water is 1.131 Pa-sec. What is the Reynolds ρ
Number? (ME Board). 0.1 π
a. 2964 = (0.05)2 (V )
1101 4
3
V = 0.4626 m s
fLV 2
hf =
2gD

(0.242)(50)(0.4626 )2
hf = = 2.64 m (b)
2(9.81)(0.05 )
20. Find the water pressure reading if manometer is
9.60 in Hg. Mercury has a relative density of
13.6. (ME Board).
a. 30.2 kPa
b. 32.5 kPa
c. 79.8 kPa
d. 0.35 kPa
Solution:
 9.6 
(
p = γh = 13.6 9.81 kN m3  ) m  = 32.5 kPa (b)
 39.97 
END