FLUID MECHANICS 5.

On a sea-level standard day, a pressure gage,

1. If a uniform solid body weighs 50 N in air and 30 moored below the surface of the ocean (SG =
N in water, its specific gravity is 1.025), reads an absolute pressure of 1.4 MPa.
a. 1.5 How deep is the instrument?
b. 1.67 a. 4 m
c. 2.5 b. 129 m
d. 3.0 c. 133 m
Solution: d. 140 m
SG = Weight in air / Weight in water Solution:
SG = 50 N / 30 N = 1.67 pabs − patm = ρgH = γH = SGγ w H

2. An oil has a kinematic viscosity of 1.25 x 10-4

(
1400 kN m 2 − 101.325kN m2 = 1.025 9.81 kN m3 H )
m2/s and a specific gravity of 0.80. What is its 1400 kN m 2 − 101.325kN m2 = 1.025(9.81 kN m )H
3

dynamic (absolute) viscosity in kg/(m-s)? H = 129 m

a. 0.08
b. 0.10 6. A tank of water (SG = 1.0) has a gate in its
c. 0.125 vertical wall 5 m high and 3 m wide. The top
d. 1.0 edge of the gate is 2 m below the surface. What
Solution: is the hydrostatic force on the gate?
ν = 1.25 x 10-4 m2/s a. 147 kN
SG = 0.80 b. 367 kN
µ=ρxν c. 490 kN
µ = SG x ρw x ν d. 661 kN
µ = 0.80 x (1000 kg/m3) x (1.25 x 10-4 m2/s) Solution:
µ = 0.10 kg/(m-s)  5 
( )
p = SGγ w H = (1.0) 9.81 kN m 3  2 + m  = 44.145 kN m 2
3. A horizontal stream of water with a cross-  2 
sectional area of 95 cm2 and velocity of 12 m/s ( )
F = pA = 44.145 kN m2 (5 m)(3 m) = 662 kN
has a kinetic energy in kW nearest to,
a. 0.072 7. In Fig. FE2.3, if the oil in region B has SG = 0.8
b. 0.82 and the absolute pressure at point A is 1 atm,
c. 7.2 what is the absolute pressure at point B?
d. 8.2 a. 5.6 kPa
Solution: b. 10.9 kPa
1 1 1 c. 106.9 kPa
KE = mV 2 = (ρAV )V 2 = ρAV 3
2 2 2 d. 112.2 kPa
2
1  1m 
( )(
KE = 1000 kg m 3 95 cm 2
2
)
 
 100 cm  (12 m s )
3

 
KE = 8208 W = 8.208 kW
4. Ethylene glycol at 60 C, with a velocity of 4 cm/s
enters a 2.5 cm ID tube. At 60 C the viscosity is
4.75 x 10-6 m2/s, determine the Reynolds
number.
a. 200
b. 210
c. 2000
d. 1200
Solution: Solution:
DV p A + SGw γ w (0.05 m ) + SGmγ w (0.08 − 0.04 m )
Re = − SGoγ w (0.03 m ) − pB = 0
v
Re =
(0.025 m )(0.04 m s ) = 210.6
4.75 ×10 −6 m 2 s

1
 −2
pB − p A   6.9  ε D 1.11  
= (1)(0.05 m ) + (13.56)(0.08 − 0.04 m )
γw f = − 1.8log  +  
− (0.8)(0.03 m )
  Re  3.7   
−2
pB − pA   6. 9  0.5 50   
1.11
= 0.5684 m f =  − 1.8 log  +   
γw 6
 1.03 ×10  3.7   
( )
pB = 101.325 kN m 2 + 9.81 kN m3 (0.5684 m ) f = 0.038
pB = 106.90 kPa
11. What is the expected head loss per mile of a
8. An iceberg has a SG of 0.922. When floating in closed circular pipe (17 in inside diameter,
sea water (SG = 1.03), its exposed volume in % friction factor of 0.03) when 3300 gal/min of
is nearest to, water flow under pressure?
a. 5.6 a. 38 ft
b. 7.4 b. 3580 ft
c. 8.9 c. 0.007 ft
d. 10.5 d. 0.64 ft
Solution: Solution:
SGiceVice = SG seaVsubmerged 3
 1 ft   1min 
0.922Vice = 1.03Vsubmerged
(
Q = 3300 gpm 231 in3 gal  ) 

 
 60 sec 
 12 in   
Vsubmerged = 0.895Vice Q = 7.35243 ft 3 s ec
Vice − 0.895Vice
% exp osed = (100% ) V= =
(
4Q 4 7.35243 ft 3 s ec )
= 4.6645 fps
Vice
πD 2 π (17 12 ft )2
% exp osed = 10 .5%
L V2
9. A 2-m diameter spherical body is placed half hf = f
D 2g
submerged on sea water of relative density
L = 1 mile = 5280 ft
1.03. What is the buoyant force supporting the
body in pounds?  5280   (4.6645)2 
h f = (0.03) 
 
a. 1250  17 12   2(32.2 ) 
b. 3567 h f = 37.78 ft
c. 4750
12. What is the hydraulic diameter of a rectangular
d. 8734.23
air-ventilation duct whose cross section is 1 m
Solution:
3
by 25 cm?
4 4  2  4π 3 a. 25 cm
V = πR 3 = π   = m
3 3  2 3 b. 40 cm
V  c. 50 cm
FB = SG sea γ w Vsub = SG sea γ w  
2 d. 75 cm
 2π 3  Solution:
(
FB = 1.03 1000 kg f m3  )
m  = 2157.23 kg f
 3  4A
Dh =
FB = 2157.23 kg f (2.205 lb kg ) = 4757 kg P
4(100 cm )(25 cm )
10. For flow of water at a Reynolds number of 1.03 Dh = = 40 cm
2(100 + 25 cm )
x 106 through a 5-cm-diameter pipe of
roughness height 0.5 mm, the approximate 13. Water flows through a horizontal pipe of cross
Moody friction factor is sectional area of 20 cm2. At one section the
a. 0.012 cross sectional area is 4 cm2. The pressure
b. 0.018 difference between the two sections is 29.4 psi.
c. 0.038 How many cu. meters of water will flow out of
d. 0.049 the pipe in 1 minute?
Solution: a. 1.208 m3
Use Haaland approximation to Colebrook equation, Re > b. 0.0185 m3
2300 c. 0.493 m3
d. 0.008 m3
Solution:
2
p1 p2 V22 − V12 Q = CAV = CA 2gh
− =
γ γ 2g
π 
Q = A1V1 = A2V2 ( )
Q = 0.65 [(5 in )(0.0254 m in )]2 2 9.81 m s 2 (7.6 m )
4
20V1 = 4V2 Q = 0.1006 m3 s = 0.1006 L s
V2 = 5V1 - End -
V22 − V12 p1 − p2
=
2g γ
 101.325 kPa 
p1 − p2 = 29.4 psi   = 202.705 kPa

 14.696 psi 
(5V1 )2 − V12 =
202.705 kN m 2
(
2 9.81 m s 2 ) 9.81 kN m 3
V1 = 4.11 m s
2
 1m 
(
Q = A1V1 = 20 cm 2  )
 (4.11 m s )

 100 cm 
Q = 8.22 ×10 −3 m 3 s
In 1 min.
Volume = (8.22 x 10-3)(60) = 0.4932 m3

14. A perfect venturi with throat diameter of 1.8

inches is placed horizontally in a pipe with a 5 in
inside diameter. Eighty (80) lbm of water flow
through the pipe each second. What is the
difference between the pipe and venture throat
static pressure?
a. 29.9 psi
b. 34.8 psi
c. 5020 psi
d. 72.3 psi
Solution:
80 lb s
Q= = 1.28205 ft 3 s
62.4 lb ft 3
4Q 4(1.28205 )
V1 = = = 9.4024 fps
πD12 π (5 12 )2
4Q 4(1.28205 )
V2 = = = 72.5492 fps
πD22 π (1.8 12 )2
p1 − p2 V22 − V12
=
γ 2g
(p1 − p2 )(144) = (72.5492)2 − (9.4024)2
62.4 2(32.2)
p1 − p2 = 34.82 psi
15. Calculate the discharge in liters per second
through a 5 in diameter orifice under a head of
7.6 m of water. Assume coefficient of discharge
of 0.65.
a. 78
b. 1547
c. 77
d. 100
Solution: