TITLE : Infar Red spectroscopy

INTRODUCTION
Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy) is the spectroscopy that deals with the infrared region of
the electromagnetic spectrum, that is light with a longer wavelength and
lower frequency than visible light. It covers a range of techniques, mostly based on absorption
spectroscopy. As with all spectroscopic techniques, it can be used to identify and
study chemicals. A common laboratory instrument that uses this technique is a Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR) spectrometer.

The infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is usually divided into three regions; the
near-, mid- and far- infrared, named for their relation to the visible spectrum. The higher-energy
near-IR, approximately 14000–4000 cm−1 (0.8–2.5 μm wavelength) can
excite overtone or harmonic vibrations. The mid-infrared, approximately 4000–400 cm−1 (2.5–
25 μm) may be used to study the fundamental vibrations and associated rotational-
vibrational structure. The far-infrared, approximately 400–10 cm−1 (25–1000 μm), lying adjacent
to the microwave region, has low energy and may be used for rotational spectroscopy. The
names and classifications of these subregions are conventions, and are only loosely based on the
relative molecular or electromagnetic properties.
MATERIALS AND APPARATUS
 IR spectroscopy machine and other equipment which required to prepare the sample
 Test Sample

PROCEDURE
 The test specimen, which was formed as a thin film, was mounted on the bracket and
inserted in to the IR spectroscopy machine.
 The machine was turned on and the graph was automatically plotted.
 Then the wave numbers of the peaks were compared with the literature values to find the
test specimen.
CALCULATIONS

Group
Wave Number

717.49

869.60

1012.06

1089.64

1236.72

1339.05

1406.34

1710.75

2923.19

 Written in white color peaks can be neglected. These small peaks sometimes can be
occurred due to unnecessary noises and impurities.

RESULT
Identified material :
CONCLUSIONS
This is a very important type of testing method to identify specially polymeric materials. Another
advantage is for this type of testing need small amount of testing sample.

REFERENCE
 http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/Spectrpy/InfraRed/infrared.htm
 http://www.aircomp.com/blog/advantages-of-ftir-over-dispersive-methods-of-infrared-
spectral-analysis/
DISCUSSION
Spectrum is an arrangement according to wavelength of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light.
An instrument designed for visual observation of spectra is called a spectroscope; an instrument
that photographs or maps spectra is a spectrograph. Spectra may be classified according to the
nature of their origin, i.e., emission or absorption. An emission spectrum consists of all the
radiations emitted by atoms or molecules, whereas in an absorption spectrum, portions of
a continuous spectrum (light containing all wavelengths) are missing because they have been
absorbed by the medium through which the light has passed; the missing wavelengths appear as
dark lines or gaps.

The Monochromator is included as an important device of the optical system of an atomic

absorption spectrophotometer. The function of this device in atomic absorption is to separate the
spectral line of interest from others spectral lines with different wavelengths emitted by the
hollow-cathode lamp. The desired spectral line is chosen with the preferred wavelength and
bandwidth by an appropriate monochroator. A grating is a reflective surface, scored either
mechanically or holographically with parallel grooves that can be designed for different
wavelength regions. Generally, most of the instruments are equipped with two gratings with the
goal to cover a wavelength range from 189to 851nm which is used in atomic absorption. A
typical monochromator consists of the diffraction grating, slits and spherical mirrors.

FT-IR spectrometers are more modern and have several performance advantages over dispersive
instrumentation.

The benefits of upgrading to an FT-IR from an existing dispersive infrared instrument will be
immediately evident in spectral quality, data collection speed, reproducibility of data and ease of
maintenance and use.

FTIR Testing offers greater sensitivity when compared to earlier dispersive methods of infrared
spectral analysis.

FTIR Spectroscopy is preferred over dispersive method of infrared spectral analysis for a
few reasons:
 It is non-destructive
 Solids, liquids and gases can be analyzed
 It is possible to easily identify and distinguish between many organic compounds and
inorganic compounds
 Precise measurement method that requires no external calibration
  FTIR measurements can be made within seconds
 FTIR can identify small concentrations of contaminants.
 Mechanical simplicity – The mirror in the interferometer is the only moving part in the
FTIR instrument, therefore making mechanical breakdown minimal.
 Simultaneous analysis of multiple gaseous compounds

The Michelson interferometer produces interference fringes by splitting a beam of

monochromatic light so that one beam strikes a fixed mirror and the other a movable mirror.
When the reflected beams are brought back together, an interference pattern results.